Design of Non-uniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using Firefly Algorithm for Side Lobe Level Reduction
A design problem of non-uniform circular antenna arrays for maximum reduction of both the side lobe level (SLL) and first null beam width (FNBW) is dealt with. This problem is modeled as a simple optimization problem. The method of Firefly algorithm (FFA) is used to determine an optimal set of current excitation weights and antenna inter-element separations that provide radiation pattern with maximum SLL reduction and much improvement on FNBW as well. Circular array antenna laid on x-y plane is assumed. FFA is applied on circular arrays of 8-, 10-, and 12- elements. Various simulation results are presented and hence performances of side lobe and FNBW are analyzed. Experimental results show considerable reductions of both the SLL and FNBW with respect to those of the uniform case and some standard algorithms GA, PSO and SA applied to the same problem.
[1] C. A. Ballanis, Antenna theory analysis and design. 2nd edition, John Willey and Son's Inc., New York, 1997.
[2] R. L. Haupt, and D. H. Werner, Genetic Algorithms in Electromagnetics. IEEE Press Wiley-Interscience, 2007.
[3] K. Murthy and A. Kumar, "Synthesis of Linear Antenna Arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. Vol. AP-24, pp. 865-870, November 1976.
[4] Zainud Deen, S. mady E. Awadalla, K. Harsher " Controlled Radiation Pattern of Circular Antenna Array” IEEE Anennas and propagation symp. (2006), 3399-3402.
[5] Diogenes Marcano and Filinto Duran, "Synthesis of Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms", IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine, Vol. 42, No. 3, June 2000.
[6] L. L. Wang and D. G. Fang, "Synthesis of nonuniformly spaced arrays using genetic algorithm,” Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics, pp. 302-305, Nov. 2003.
[7] Gopi Ram, A. Biswas, D. Mandal, R. Kar and S. P. Ghoshal, "Performance comparison of Optimum uniform and non-uniform Spacing of Circular Antenna Arrays", Proc. IEEE CODIS, Kolkata, Dec. 28-29, 2012.
[8] Gopi Ram, D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, R. Kar, "IPSO Based Performance Comparison of Optimum Uniform and Non-uniform Spacing of Circular Antenna Arrays,” 5th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technologies (KST-2013), Burapha University, Thailand, Jan 31 - Feb 1, 2013.
[9] D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, and A. K. Bhattacharjee, "A Novel Particle Swarm Optimization Based Optimal Design of Three-Ring Concentric Circular Antenna Array,” IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, 2009, ACT’09, pp. 385-389, 2009.
[10] D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, and A. K. Bhattacharjee, "Determination of the Optimal Design of Three-Ring Concentric Circular Antenna Array Using Evolutionary Optimization Techniques,” International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 2(5), pp. 110-115, 2009.
[11] Munish Rattan, M.S. Patterh, B.S. Sohi, "Optimization of circular antenna arrays of isotropic radiators using simulated annealing, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 1, Issue 05, 2009, pp 441-446.
[12] Panduro, M. Mendez, A. Dominguez, R. Romero, G. "Design of Non-uniform Antenna Arrays for Side Lobe Reduction Using the Method of Genetic Algorithm” Int. J Electron. Communication (AEU) 60 (2006), 713-717.
[13] J. Kennedy, R. Eberhart, "Particle Swarm Optimization,” Proc. IEEE int. Conf. On Neural Network, vol. 4, pp. 1942-1948, 1995.
[14] Mohammad Sahib-Yahya Najjar-Nihad Dib-Majid khodier " Design of Non-uniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using the partical swarm optimization” Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.59, No.9,(2008),216-220.
[15] X. S. Yang, "Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimization", Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Stochastic algorithms: foundations and applications, SAGA 2009, LNCS-Springer, vol. 5792, pp. 169-178, 2009.
[16] X. S. Yang, S. S. Hosseini, A. H. Gandomi, "Firefly algorithm for solving non-convex economic dispatch problems with valve loading effect”, Applied Soft Computing, vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 1180-1186,2012.
[17] X. S. Yang and S. Deb, "Eagle strategy using Levy walk and firefly algorithms for stochastic optimization”, Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO), Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 284, pp. 101-111, 2010.
[18] X. S. Yang, "Multiobjective firefly algorithm for continuous optimization”, Engineering with Computers, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 175-184, 2013.
[1] C. A. Ballanis, Antenna theory analysis and design. 2nd edition, John Willey and Son's Inc., New York, 1997.
[2] R. L. Haupt, and D. H. Werner, Genetic Algorithms in Electromagnetics. IEEE Press Wiley-Interscience, 2007.
[3] K. Murthy and A. Kumar, "Synthesis of Linear Antenna Arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. Vol. AP-24, pp. 865-870, November 1976.
[4] Zainud Deen, S. mady E. Awadalla, K. Harsher " Controlled Radiation Pattern of Circular Antenna Array” IEEE Anennas and propagation symp. (2006), 3399-3402.
[5] Diogenes Marcano and Filinto Duran, "Synthesis of Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms", IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine, Vol. 42, No. 3, June 2000.
[6] L. L. Wang and D. G. Fang, "Synthesis of nonuniformly spaced arrays using genetic algorithm,” Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics, pp. 302-305, Nov. 2003.
[7] Gopi Ram, A. Biswas, D. Mandal, R. Kar and S. P. Ghoshal, "Performance comparison of Optimum uniform and non-uniform Spacing of Circular Antenna Arrays", Proc. IEEE CODIS, Kolkata, Dec. 28-29, 2012.
[8] Gopi Ram, D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, R. Kar, "IPSO Based Performance Comparison of Optimum Uniform and Non-uniform Spacing of Circular Antenna Arrays,” 5th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technologies (KST-2013), Burapha University, Thailand, Jan 31 - Feb 1, 2013.
[9] D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, and A. K. Bhattacharjee, "A Novel Particle Swarm Optimization Based Optimal Design of Three-Ring Concentric Circular Antenna Array,” IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, 2009, ACT’09, pp. 385-389, 2009.
[10] D. Mandal, S. P. Ghoshal, and A. K. Bhattacharjee, "Determination of the Optimal Design of Three-Ring Concentric Circular Antenna Array Using Evolutionary Optimization Techniques,” International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 2(5), pp. 110-115, 2009.
[11] Munish Rattan, M.S. Patterh, B.S. Sohi, "Optimization of circular antenna arrays of isotropic radiators using simulated annealing, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 1, Issue 05, 2009, pp 441-446.
[12] Panduro, M. Mendez, A. Dominguez, R. Romero, G. "Design of Non-uniform Antenna Arrays for Side Lobe Reduction Using the Method of Genetic Algorithm” Int. J Electron. Communication (AEU) 60 (2006), 713-717.
[13] J. Kennedy, R. Eberhart, "Particle Swarm Optimization,” Proc. IEEE int. Conf. On Neural Network, vol. 4, pp. 1942-1948, 1995.
[14] Mohammad Sahib-Yahya Najjar-Nihad Dib-Majid khodier " Design of Non-uniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using the partical swarm optimization” Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.59, No.9,(2008),216-220.
[15] X. S. Yang, "Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimization", Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Stochastic algorithms: foundations and applications, SAGA 2009, LNCS-Springer, vol. 5792, pp. 169-178, 2009.
[16] X. S. Yang, S. S. Hosseini, A. H. Gandomi, "Firefly algorithm for solving non-convex economic dispatch problems with valve loading effect”, Applied Soft Computing, vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 1180-1186,2012.
[17] X. S. Yang and S. Deb, "Eagle strategy using Levy walk and firefly algorithms for stochastic optimization”, Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO), Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 284, pp. 101-111, 2010.
[18] X. S. Yang, "Multiobjective firefly algorithm for continuous optimization”, Engineering with Computers, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 175-184, 2013.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:66080", author = "Gopi Ram and Durbadal Mandal and Rajib Kar and Sakti Prasad Ghoshal", title = "Design of Non-uniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using Firefly Algorithm for Side Lobe Level Reduction", abstract = "A design problem of non-uniform circular antenna arrays for maximum reduction of both the side lobe level (SLL) and first null beam width (FNBW) is dealt with. This problem is modeled as a simple optimization problem. The method of Firefly algorithm (FFA) is used to determine an optimal set of current excitation weights and antenna inter-element separations that provide radiation pattern with maximum SLL reduction and much improvement on FNBW as well. Circular array antenna laid on x-y plane is assumed. FFA is applied on circular arrays of 8-, 10-, and 12- elements. Various simulation results are presented and hence performances of side lobe and FNBW are analyzed. Experimental results show considerable reductions of both the SLL and FNBW with respect to those of the uniform case and some standard algorithms GA, PSO and SA applied to the same problem.
", keywords = "Circular arrays, First null beam width, Side lobe level, FFA.", volume = "8", number = "1", pages = "37-6", }
