Design of an Experimental Setup to Study the Drives of Battery Electric Vehicles
This paper describes the design considerations of an
experimental setup for research and exploring the drives of batteryfed
electric vehicles. Effective setup composition and its components
are discussed. With experimental setup described in this paper,
durability and functional tests can be procured to the customers.
Multiple experiments are performed in the form of steady-state
system exploring, acceleration programs, multi-step tests (speed
control, torque control), load collectives or close-to-reality driving
tests (driving simulation). Main focus of the functional testing is on
the measurements of power and energy efficiency and investigations
in driving simulation mode, which are used for application purposes.
In order to enable the examination of the drive trains beyond
standard modes of operation, different other parameters can be
studied also.
[1] B. Fahimi and T. Sebastian, Guest editorial special section on
automotive electromechanical converters, IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology, v. 56, n. 4, 2007, pp. 1470-1476.
[2] M. Ehsani, Y. Gao and A. Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and
Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 2010.
[3] C. Lungoci, D. Bouquain, A. Miraoui and E. Helerea Modular test bench
for a hybrid electric vehicle with multiples energy sources, 11th
International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic
Equipment OPTIM 2008, "Transilvania" University of Brasov, Brasov,
Romania, 2008. pp. 299-306
[4] Test Facilities for Automotive Research and Development, IKA Institut
f├╝r Kraftfahrzeuge, RWTH Aachen University, FKA
Forschungsgesellschaft Kraftfahrwesen mbH, Aachen, Germany, 2011,
44 p.
[5] Y. Cheng, V-M. Joeri and P. Lataire, Research and test platform for
hybrid electric vehicle with the super capacitor based energy storage,
European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications EPE
2007, Aalborg, Denmark, 2007, pp. 1-10.
[6] P. Khatun, C. M. Bingham, N. Schofield and P. H. Mellor, An
experimental experimental bench setup to study electric vehicle antilock
braking/traction systems and their control, IEEE 56th Vehicular
Technology Conference VTC 2002, Vancouver, Canada, 2002, pp. 1490-
1494.
[7] L. Jun, W. Li-fang, Y. Jian and L. Gui-dong, Research of a novel
flexible load for electric vehicle test bench, International Conference on
Computer and Communication Technologies in Agriculture Engineering
CCTAE 2010, Chengdu, China, 2010, pp. 223-226.
[8] F. Marra, D. Sacchetti, A. B. Pedersen, P. B. Andersen, C. Træholt and
E. Larsen, Implementation of an electric vehicle test bed controlled by a
virtual power plant for contributing to regulating power reserves, 2012
IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, USA, 2012,
pp. 1-7.
[9] I. Alcala, A. Claudio and G. Guerrero, Test bench to emulate an electric
vehicle through equivalent inertia and machine dc, 11th IEEE
International Power Electronics Congress CIEP 2008, Cuernavaca,
Mexico, 2008, pp. 198-203.
[10] Z. Hui, L. Cheng and Z. Guojiang, Design of a versatile test bench for
hybrid electric vehicles, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion
Conference VPPC 2008, Harbin, China, 2008, pp. 1-4.
[11] P. Drabek, L. Streit and M. Los, The energy storage system with
supercapacitor, 14th International Power Electronics and Motion
Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, Ohrid, Makedonia, 2010, pp. 39-
43.
[12] D. Jannuzzi, Improvement of the energy recovery of traction electrical
drives using supercapacitors, 13th International Power Electronics and
Motion Control Conference, EPE-PEMC 2008, Poznan, Poland, 2008,
pp. 1492-1497.
[13] Y. Cheng, J. Van Mierlo and P. Lataire, Research and test platform for
hybrid electric vehicle with the supercapacitor based energy storage,
International Review of Electrical Engineering (I.R.E.E.), v. 3, no. 3,
2008, pp. 466-478.
[14] P. Thounthong, Control of a three-level boost converter based on a
differential flatness approach for fuel cell vehicle applications, IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology, v. 61, n. 3, 2012, pp. 1467-
1472.
[15] C.C. Chan and K.T. Chau, Modern Electric Vehicle Technology, New
York: Oxford University Press, 2001, 300 p.
[16] V. Vodovozov, Z. Raud and T. Lehtla, A toolbox to design inverters for
automotive applications, 11th World Conference on Applications of
Electrical Engineering AEE 2012, Vouliagmeni, Athens, Greece, 2012,
pp. 190-195.
[17] L.-Y. Hsu and T.-L. Chen, Vehicle full-state estimation and prediction
system using state observers, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., v. 58, n. 6,
2009, pp. 2651-2662.
[18] J. M. Miller, Propulsion Systems for Hybrid Vehicles, 2010, The
Institution of Engineering and Technology, 607 p.
[19] W. Xu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang and G. Sun, Characterization of
advanced drive system for hybrid electric vehicles, International
Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems ICEMS 2010, Incheon,
China, 2010, pp. 487-492.
[20] M. Felden, P. Butterling, P. Jeck, L. Eckstein and K. Hameyer, Electric
vehicle drive trains: From the specification sheet to the drive-train
concept, 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control
Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, Ohrid, Macedonia, 2010, pp. S11-9-S11-
16.
[21] O. Tur, H. Ucarol, E. Ozsu, M. Demirci, Y. Solak, E. Elcik, O. Dalkilic
and E. Ozatay, Sizing, design and prototyping of an electric drive system
for a split drive hybrid electric vehicle, IEEE International Electric
Machines & Drives Conference IEMDC 2007, Antalia, Turkey, 2007,
pp. 1745-1750.
[22] J. O. Estima and A. J. M. Cardoso, Efficiency analysis of drive train
topologies applied to electric/hybrid vehicles, IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology, v. 61, n. 3, 2012, pp. 1021-1031.
[23] R. Miceli, M. Montana, G. R. Galluzzo, R, Rizzo and G. Vitale, A test
cycle for the standardization and characterization of electric drives for
electric vehicles − Experimental approach, International Conference on
Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth,
PEDES 1996, New Delhi, India, 1996, pp. 313-317.
[24] J. Riveros, B. Bogado, J. Prieto, F. Barrero, S. Toral and M. Jones,
Multiphase machines in propulsion drives of electric vehicles, 14th
International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPEPEMC
2010, Ohrid, Macedonia, 2010, pp. T5-201-T5-206.
[25] T. Letrouvé, A. Bouscayrol, W. Lhomme, N. Dollinger and
F. M. Calvairac, Different models of a traction drive for an electric
vehicle simulation, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference
VPPC 2010, Lille, France, pp. 1-6.
[26] M. H. Westbrook, The Electric Car: Development and Future of Batter,
Hybrid, and Fuel-Cell Cars,London: IEE, 2001, 198 p.
[27] H. Rehman and L. Xu, Alternative energy vehicles drive system:
Control, flux and torque estimation, and efficiency optimization, IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology, v. 60, n. 8, 2011, pp. 3625-
3634.
[28] L. Guzzella and A. Sciarretta, Vehicle Propulsion Systems: Introduction
to Modeling and Optimization, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2010, 338 p.
[29] Institut f├╝r angewandte Batterieforschung (IABF), Available at:
http://www.hochschule-kempten.de/forschungkooperation/
forschungszentrum-allgaeu-fza/institut-fuer-angewandtebatterieforschung/
institutsbeschreibung.html
[30] T. Markel and A. Simpson, Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy
storage system design, Advanced Automotive Battery Conference,
Baltimore, USA, 2006,
[31] J. Erjavec, Hybrid, Electric & Fuel-Cell Vehicles, Delmar, Cengage
Learning, 2013, 308 p.
[1] B. Fahimi and T. Sebastian, Guest editorial special section on
automotive electromechanical converters, IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology, v. 56, n. 4, 2007, pp. 1470-1476.
[2] M. Ehsani, Y. Gao and A. Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and
Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 2010.
[3] C. Lungoci, D. Bouquain, A. Miraoui and E. Helerea Modular test bench
for a hybrid electric vehicle with multiples energy sources, 11th
International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic
Equipment OPTIM 2008, "Transilvania" University of Brasov, Brasov,
Romania, 2008. pp. 299-306
[4] Test Facilities for Automotive Research and Development, IKA Institut
f├╝r Kraftfahrzeuge, RWTH Aachen University, FKA
Forschungsgesellschaft Kraftfahrwesen mbH, Aachen, Germany, 2011,
44 p.
[5] Y. Cheng, V-M. Joeri and P. Lataire, Research and test platform for
hybrid electric vehicle with the super capacitor based energy storage,
European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications EPE
2007, Aalborg, Denmark, 2007, pp. 1-10.
[6] P. Khatun, C. M. Bingham, N. Schofield and P. H. Mellor, An
experimental experimental bench setup to study electric vehicle antilock
braking/traction systems and their control, IEEE 56th Vehicular
Technology Conference VTC 2002, Vancouver, Canada, 2002, pp. 1490-
1494.
[7] L. Jun, W. Li-fang, Y. Jian and L. Gui-dong, Research of a novel
flexible load for electric vehicle test bench, International Conference on
Computer and Communication Technologies in Agriculture Engineering
CCTAE 2010, Chengdu, China, 2010, pp. 223-226.
[8] F. Marra, D. Sacchetti, A. B. Pedersen, P. B. Andersen, C. Træholt and
E. Larsen, Implementation of an electric vehicle test bed controlled by a
virtual power plant for contributing to regulating power reserves, 2012
IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, USA, 2012,
pp. 1-7.
[9] I. Alcala, A. Claudio and G. Guerrero, Test bench to emulate an electric
vehicle through equivalent inertia and machine dc, 11th IEEE
International Power Electronics Congress CIEP 2008, Cuernavaca,
Mexico, 2008, pp. 198-203.
[10] Z. Hui, L. Cheng and Z. Guojiang, Design of a versatile test bench for
hybrid electric vehicles, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion
Conference VPPC 2008, Harbin, China, 2008, pp. 1-4.
[11] P. Drabek, L. Streit and M. Los, The energy storage system with
supercapacitor, 14th International Power Electronics and Motion
Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, Ohrid, Makedonia, 2010, pp. 39-
43.
[12] D. Jannuzzi, Improvement of the energy recovery of traction electrical
drives using supercapacitors, 13th International Power Electronics and
Motion Control Conference, EPE-PEMC 2008, Poznan, Poland, 2008,
pp. 1492-1497.
[13] Y. Cheng, J. Van Mierlo and P. Lataire, Research and test platform for
hybrid electric vehicle with the supercapacitor based energy storage,
International Review of Electrical Engineering (I.R.E.E.), v. 3, no. 3,
2008, pp. 466-478.
[14] P. Thounthong, Control of a three-level boost converter based on a
differential flatness approach for fuel cell vehicle applications, IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology, v. 61, n. 3, 2012, pp. 1467-
1472.
[15] C.C. Chan and K.T. Chau, Modern Electric Vehicle Technology, New
York: Oxford University Press, 2001, 300 p.
[16] V. Vodovozov, Z. Raud and T. Lehtla, A toolbox to design inverters for
automotive applications, 11th World Conference on Applications of
Electrical Engineering AEE 2012, Vouliagmeni, Athens, Greece, 2012,
pp. 190-195.
[17] L.-Y. Hsu and T.-L. Chen, Vehicle full-state estimation and prediction
system using state observers, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., v. 58, n. 6,
2009, pp. 2651-2662.
[18] J. M. Miller, Propulsion Systems for Hybrid Vehicles, 2010, The
Institution of Engineering and Technology, 607 p.
[19] W. Xu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang and G. Sun, Characterization of
advanced drive system for hybrid electric vehicles, International
Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems ICEMS 2010, Incheon,
China, 2010, pp. 487-492.
[20] M. Felden, P. Butterling, P. Jeck, L. Eckstein and K. Hameyer, Electric
vehicle drive trains: From the specification sheet to the drive-train
concept, 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control
Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, Ohrid, Macedonia, 2010, pp. S11-9-S11-
16.
[21] O. Tur, H. Ucarol, E. Ozsu, M. Demirci, Y. Solak, E. Elcik, O. Dalkilic
and E. Ozatay, Sizing, design and prototyping of an electric drive system
for a split drive hybrid electric vehicle, IEEE International Electric
Machines & Drives Conference IEMDC 2007, Antalia, Turkey, 2007,
pp. 1745-1750.
[22] J. O. Estima and A. J. M. Cardoso, Efficiency analysis of drive train
topologies applied to electric/hybrid vehicles, IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology, v. 61, n. 3, 2012, pp. 1021-1031.
[23] R. Miceli, M. Montana, G. R. Galluzzo, R, Rizzo and G. Vitale, A test
cycle for the standardization and characterization of electric drives for
electric vehicles − Experimental approach, International Conference on
Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth,
PEDES 1996, New Delhi, India, 1996, pp. 313-317.
[24] J. Riveros, B. Bogado, J. Prieto, F. Barrero, S. Toral and M. Jones,
Multiphase machines in propulsion drives of electric vehicles, 14th
International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPEPEMC
2010, Ohrid, Macedonia, 2010, pp. T5-201-T5-206.
[25] T. Letrouvé, A. Bouscayrol, W. Lhomme, N. Dollinger and
F. M. Calvairac, Different models of a traction drive for an electric
vehicle simulation, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference
VPPC 2010, Lille, France, pp. 1-6.
[26] M. H. Westbrook, The Electric Car: Development and Future of Batter,
Hybrid, and Fuel-Cell Cars,London: IEE, 2001, 198 p.
[27] H. Rehman and L. Xu, Alternative energy vehicles drive system:
Control, flux and torque estimation, and efficiency optimization, IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology, v. 60, n. 8, 2011, pp. 3625-
3634.
[28] L. Guzzella and A. Sciarretta, Vehicle Propulsion Systems: Introduction
to Modeling and Optimization, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2010, 338 p.
[29] Institut f├╝r angewandte Batterieforschung (IABF), Available at:
http://www.hochschule-kempten.de/forschungkooperation/
forschungszentrum-allgaeu-fza/institut-fuer-angewandtebatterieforschung/
institutsbeschreibung.html
[30] T. Markel and A. Simpson, Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy
storage system design, Advanced Automotive Battery Conference,
Baltimore, USA, 2006,
[31] J. Erjavec, Hybrid, Electric & Fuel-Cell Vehicles, Delmar, Cengage
Learning, 2013, 308 p.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:55802", author = "Valery Vodovozov and Zoja Raud and Tõnu Lehtla", title = "Design of an Experimental Setup to Study the Drives of Battery Electric Vehicles", abstract = "This paper describes the design considerations of an
experimental setup for research and exploring the drives of batteryfed
electric vehicles. Effective setup composition and its components
are discussed. With experimental setup described in this paper,
durability and functional tests can be procured to the customers.
Multiple experiments are performed in the form of steady-state
system exploring, acceleration programs, multi-step tests (speed
control, torque control), load collectives or close-to-reality driving
tests (driving simulation). Main focus of the functional testing is on
the measurements of power and energy efficiency and investigations
in driving simulation mode, which are used for application purposes.
In order to enable the examination of the drive trains beyond
standard modes of operation, different other parameters can be
studied also.", keywords = "Electric drive, electric vehicle, propulsion, test
bench.", volume = "7", number = "4", pages = "370-8", }
