Curing Time Effect on Behavior of Cement Treated Marine Clay
Cement stabilization has been widely used for
improving the strength and stiffness of soft clayey soils. Cement
treated soil specimens used to investigate the stress-strain behaviour in
the laboratory study are usually cured for 7 days. This paper examines
the effects of curing time on the strength and stress strain behaviour of
cement treated marine clay under triaxial loading condition.
Laboratory-prepared cement treated Singapore marine clay with
different mix proportion S-C-W (soil solid-cement solid-water) and
curing time (7 days to 180 days) was investigated through conducting
unconfined compressive strength test and triaxial test. The results
show that the curing time has a significant effect on the unconfined
compressive strength u q , isotropic compression behaviour and stress
strain behaviour. Although the primary yield loci of the cement treated
soil specimens with the same mix proportion expand with curing time,
they are very narrowly banded and have nearly the same shape after
being normalized by isotropic compression primary stress '
py p . The
isotropic compression primary yield stress '
py p was shown to be
linearly related to unconfined compressive strength u q for specimens
with different curing time and mix proportion. The effect of curing
time on the hardening behaviour will diminish with consolidation
stress higher than isotropic compression primary yield stress but its
damping rate is dependent on the cement content.
[1] Tatsuoka, F. and Kobayashi, A., "Triaxial Strength Characteristics of
Cement-Teated Clay," in Proc. 8th ECSMFE, Helsinki, 1983, vol. 8, no.
1, pp. 421-426.
[2] Uddin, K., Balasubramaniam A.S., Bergado D.T., "Engineering
Behaviour of Cement-Treated Bangkok Soft Clay," Geotech. Eng., vol.
28, no.1, pp. 89-121, 1997.
[3] Chew, S. H., Kamruzzaman, A.H.M., and Lee, F.H., "Physico-Chemical
and Engineering Behaviour of Cement-Treated Clays," J. Geotech.
Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE, vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 696-706, 2004.
[4] Lee, F.H., Lee, Y., Chew, S. H., and Yong, K.Y., "Strength and Modulus
of Marine Clay-Cement Mixes," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE,
vol. 131, no.2, pp.178-186, 2005.
[5] Kezdi, A., Stabilized Earth Roads. Development in Geotechnical
Engineering, Elsevier Scientific, New York, 1979.
[6] Bergado, D.T., Anderson, L.R., Uiura, N. and Balasubramainam, A. S.,
Soft ground improvement in lowland and other environments. ASCE
press, New York, 1996.
[7] Kawasaki, T., Niina, A., Saitoh, S., Suzuki, Y. and Honjo, Y., "Deep
Mixing Method using Cement Hardening Agent," In Proc. 10th ICSMFE,
New York, 1981, vol. 3, pp.721-724.
[8] Saitoh, S., "Experimental Study of Engineering Properties of Cement
Improved Ground by the Deep Mixing Method", PhD dissertation, Nihon
University, Japan, 1988.
[9] Lorenzo, G.A. and Bergado. D.T., "Fundamental parameters of
cement-admixed clay - new approach," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
ASCE, vol. 130, no.10, pp. 1042-1050, 2004.
[10] Kamruzzaman, A.H.M, "Physio-Chemical & Engineering Behaviour of
Cement Treated Singapore Marine Clay," Ph.D. dissertation, National
University of Singapore, Singapore, 2002.
[11] Tan, T.S., Phoon, K.K., Lee, F.H., Tanaka, H., Locat, J., and Chong, P.T.
"A Characterisation Study of Singapore Lower Marine Clay," in
Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils, Tan et al.
(eds.). Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, 2003, pp. 429-454.
[12] Chin, K.G., Lee, F.H., and Dasari, G.R., "Effects of Curing Stress on
Mechanical Properties of Cement-Treated Soft Marine Clay," in Proc. Int.
Symp. on Engineering Practice and Performance of Soft Deposits, Osaka,
2004, pp. 217-222.
[13] Rotta, G.V., Consoli, N.C., Prietto, P.D.M., Coop, M.R. & Graham, J.,
"Isotropic Yielding in an Artificially Cemented Soil Cured under Stress,"
Geotechnique, vol. 53, no.5, pp.493-501, 2003.
[14] Barksdale, R.D. & Blight, G.E., "Compressibility and settlement of
residual soils. In Mechanics of residual soils," G.E. Blight Ed. Rotterdam:
A.A. Balkema, 1997, pp. 95-154.
[15] Smith P. R., Jardine R. J. and Hight D. W., "The yielding of Bothkennar
clay," Geotechnique, vol. 42, no. 2, pp.257-274, 1992.
[16] Cuccovillos T. and Coop M. R., "Yielding and pre-failure deformation of
structured sands", Geotechnique , vol.47, no.1, pp. 69-72, 1997.
[17] Huang, J.T., and Airey, D.W., "Properties of Artificially Cemented
Carbonate Sand," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE, vol. 124, no.6, pp.
492-499, 1998. Chin, K. G., "Constitutive behaviour of cement treated
marine clay," Ph.D. dissertation, National University of Singapore,
Singapore, 2006.
[1] Tatsuoka, F. and Kobayashi, A., "Triaxial Strength Characteristics of
Cement-Teated Clay," in Proc. 8th ECSMFE, Helsinki, 1983, vol. 8, no.
1, pp. 421-426.
[2] Uddin, K., Balasubramaniam A.S., Bergado D.T., "Engineering
Behaviour of Cement-Treated Bangkok Soft Clay," Geotech. Eng., vol.
28, no.1, pp. 89-121, 1997.
[3] Chew, S. H., Kamruzzaman, A.H.M., and Lee, F.H., "Physico-Chemical
and Engineering Behaviour of Cement-Treated Clays," J. Geotech.
Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE, vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 696-706, 2004.
[4] Lee, F.H., Lee, Y., Chew, S. H., and Yong, K.Y., "Strength and Modulus
of Marine Clay-Cement Mixes," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE,
vol. 131, no.2, pp.178-186, 2005.
[5] Kezdi, A., Stabilized Earth Roads. Development in Geotechnical
Engineering, Elsevier Scientific, New York, 1979.
[6] Bergado, D.T., Anderson, L.R., Uiura, N. and Balasubramainam, A. S.,
Soft ground improvement in lowland and other environments. ASCE
press, New York, 1996.
[7] Kawasaki, T., Niina, A., Saitoh, S., Suzuki, Y. and Honjo, Y., "Deep
Mixing Method using Cement Hardening Agent," In Proc. 10th ICSMFE,
New York, 1981, vol. 3, pp.721-724.
[8] Saitoh, S., "Experimental Study of Engineering Properties of Cement
Improved Ground by the Deep Mixing Method", PhD dissertation, Nihon
University, Japan, 1988.
[9] Lorenzo, G.A. and Bergado. D.T., "Fundamental parameters of
cement-admixed clay - new approach," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
ASCE, vol. 130, no.10, pp. 1042-1050, 2004.
[10] Kamruzzaman, A.H.M, "Physio-Chemical & Engineering Behaviour of
Cement Treated Singapore Marine Clay," Ph.D. dissertation, National
University of Singapore, Singapore, 2002.
[11] Tan, T.S., Phoon, K.K., Lee, F.H., Tanaka, H., Locat, J., and Chong, P.T.
"A Characterisation Study of Singapore Lower Marine Clay," in
Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils, Tan et al.
(eds.). Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, 2003, pp. 429-454.
[12] Chin, K.G., Lee, F.H., and Dasari, G.R., "Effects of Curing Stress on
Mechanical Properties of Cement-Treated Soft Marine Clay," in Proc. Int.
Symp. on Engineering Practice and Performance of Soft Deposits, Osaka,
2004, pp. 217-222.
[13] Rotta, G.V., Consoli, N.C., Prietto, P.D.M., Coop, M.R. & Graham, J.,
"Isotropic Yielding in an Artificially Cemented Soil Cured under Stress,"
Geotechnique, vol. 53, no.5, pp.493-501, 2003.
[14] Barksdale, R.D. & Blight, G.E., "Compressibility and settlement of
residual soils. In Mechanics of residual soils," G.E. Blight Ed. Rotterdam:
A.A. Balkema, 1997, pp. 95-154.
[15] Smith P. R., Jardine R. J. and Hight D. W., "The yielding of Bothkennar
clay," Geotechnique, vol. 42, no. 2, pp.257-274, 1992.
[16] Cuccovillos T. and Coop M. R., "Yielding and pre-failure deformation of
structured sands", Geotechnique , vol.47, no.1, pp. 69-72, 1997.
[17] Huang, J.T., and Airey, D.W., "Properties of Artificially Cemented
Carbonate Sand," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE, vol. 124, no.6, pp.
492-499, 1998. Chin, K. G., "Constitutive behaviour of cement treated
marine clay," Ph.D. dissertation, National University of Singapore,
Singapore, 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:52096", author = "H. W. Xiao and F. H. Lee", title = "Curing Time Effect on Behavior of Cement Treated Marine Clay", abstract = "Cement stabilization has been widely used for
improving the strength and stiffness of soft clayey soils. Cement
treated soil specimens used to investigate the stress-strain behaviour in
the laboratory study are usually cured for 7 days. This paper examines
the effects of curing time on the strength and stress strain behaviour of
cement treated marine clay under triaxial loading condition.
Laboratory-prepared cement treated Singapore marine clay with
different mix proportion S-C-W (soil solid-cement solid-water) and
curing time (7 days to 180 days) was investigated through conducting
unconfined compressive strength test and triaxial test. The results
show that the curing time has a significant effect on the unconfined
compressive strength u q , isotropic compression behaviour and stress
strain behaviour. Although the primary yield loci of the cement treated
soil specimens with the same mix proportion expand with curing time,
they are very narrowly banded and have nearly the same shape after
being normalized by isotropic compression primary stress '
py p . The
isotropic compression primary yield stress '
py p was shown to be
linearly related to unconfined compressive strength u q for specimens
with different curing time and mix proportion. The effect of curing
time on the hardening behaviour will diminish with consolidation
stress higher than isotropic compression primary yield stress but its
damping rate is dependent on the cement content.", keywords = "Cement treated soil, curing time effect, hardening
behaviour, isotropic compression primary yield stress, unconfined
compressive strength.", volume = "2", number = "7", pages = "136-8", }