Construction of Strain Distribution Profiles of EDD Steel at Elevated Temperatures
In the present work, forming limit diagrams and strain
distribution profile diagrams for extra deep drawing steel at room and
elevated temperatures have been determined experimentally by
conducting stretch forming experiments by using designed and
fabricated warm stretchforming tooling setup. With the help of
forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) and strain, distribution profile
diagrams the formability of Extra Deep Drawing steel has been
analyzed and co-related with mechanical properties like strain
hardening COEFFICIENT (n) and normal anisotropy (r−). Mechanical
properties of EDD steel from room temperature to 4500C were
determined and discussed the impact of temperature on the properties
like work hardening exponent (n) anisotropy (r-) and strength
coefficient of the material. In addition, the fractured surfaces after
stretching have undergone the some metallurgical investigations and
attempt has been made to co-relate with the formability of EDD steel
sheets. They are co-related and good agreement with FLDs at various
temperatures.
[1] C. E. Dreyer, W. V. Chiu, R. H. Wagoner, A. R. Agnew, 2010.
‘‘Formability of a more randomly textured magnesium alloy sheet:
Application of an improved warm sheet formability test.”, journal of
materials Processing Technology, 210, 37-47 Graf. A, Hosford. w 1994,
The influence of strain path changes on FLDs of alluminium 5111 T4,
Int. j. mech. sci. 36, pp. 897-910.
[2] A. Graf, W. Hosford,“The influence of strain path changes on FLDs of
alluminium” 5111 T4,Int.j.mech.sci.36,1994, pp. 897-910.
[3] A. K. Gosh, S. S. Hecker, Stretching limits in sheet materials in-plane
verses out of plane deformation, metall. Trans A5A, 1974, pp. 16072-
1616.
[4] S. S. Hecker, ‘‘Formability of aluminum alloy sheets”, journal of
Engineering materials Technology, 1975, 97, pp. 66-73.
[5] D. Ravi Kumar, Formability analysis of extra-deep drawing steel,
Journal of Material Processing Technology, 2002, 130, pp. 31-41.
[6] Stachowicz. F,. Effects of microstructure on the mechanical properties
and limit strains in uniaxial and biaxial stretching, Journal of mach.
work Technol.19, 1989, pp. 305-317
[7] Swadesh Kumar Singh, A K Gupta & K. Mahesh, CIRP J. Manf. Sci&
Tech, 3, 2010, pp. 73–79.
[8] Swadesh kumar singh, K. Mahesh, Amith kumar Gupta, ‘‘Prediction of
mechanical properties of extra deep drawn steel in blue brittle region
using artificial neural network”, Journal of Materials and Design, 31,
2010, pp. 2288-2295.
[9] Sowerby. R, Duncan. J. L, Failure in sheet metal in biaxial tension Int. j.
mech. Sci.13. 1971, pp. 217-229.
[10] Marciniak Z, Kuczynski K. Limit strains in the processes of stretchforming
sheet metal. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 9,
1967, pp. 609–20.
[11] Sachdev, A. K., Development of an Aluminium alloy sheet with
improved formability, Metallurgical Transactions, 21A, 1990, pp. 165-
175.
[12] Date, P. P. and K. A. Padmanabhan , On the formability of 3.15 mm
thick low-carbon steel sheets, Journal of Materials Processing
Technology, 35, 1992, pp. 165-180.
[13] Burford, D. A., K. Narasimhan and R. H. Wagoner, A theoretical
sensitivity analysis of full-dome formability tests: Parametric study for
n, m, r and, Metallurgical Transactions, 22A, 1991, pp. 1775-1778.
Processing Technology, 35, 1992, pp. 165-180.
[14] Story, J. M., G. W. Jarvis, H. R. Zonker and S. J. Murtha, Issues and
Trends in Automotive Aluminium sheet forming, Society of Automotive
Engineers, 102, 1993, pp. 320-344.
[15] Hiam, J. and A. Lee , Factors influencing the forming limit curves of
sheet steel, Sheet Metal Industries, 5, 1978, pp. 631-643.
[16] Swaminathan, K. and K. A. Padmanabhan, Some investigations on the
forming behaviour of an indigenous extra-deep drawing low carbon
steel-part-I: Experimental results, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 44, 1991, pp.
231-247.
[17] Ravi Kumar, D. and K. Swaminathan, Formability of two Al alloys,
Material Science and Technology, 15, 1999, pp. 1241-1252.
[18] Schedin, E. and A. Melander, On the strain distribution during the
stretch forming on low and high strength sheet steels. Journal of
Mechanical Working Technology, 15, 1987, pp. 181-202.
[19] Yang, T. S. and T. C. Hsu, Forming limit analysis of hemispherical
punch stretch forming, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 117,
2001, pp. 32-36.
[20] Fekete, J. R., Overview of sheet metal for stamping, Society of
Automotive Engineers, 106, 1997, pp. 699-710
[1] C. E. Dreyer, W. V. Chiu, R. H. Wagoner, A. R. Agnew, 2010.
‘‘Formability of a more randomly textured magnesium alloy sheet:
Application of an improved warm sheet formability test.”, journal of
materials Processing Technology, 210, 37-47 Graf. A, Hosford. w 1994,
The influence of strain path changes on FLDs of alluminium 5111 T4,
Int. j. mech. sci. 36, pp. 897-910.
[2] A. Graf, W. Hosford,“The influence of strain path changes on FLDs of
alluminium” 5111 T4,Int.j.mech.sci.36,1994, pp. 897-910.
[3] A. K. Gosh, S. S. Hecker, Stretching limits in sheet materials in-plane
verses out of plane deformation, metall. Trans A5A, 1974, pp. 16072-
1616.
[4] S. S. Hecker, ‘‘Formability of aluminum alloy sheets”, journal of
Engineering materials Technology, 1975, 97, pp. 66-73.
[5] D. Ravi Kumar, Formability analysis of extra-deep drawing steel,
Journal of Material Processing Technology, 2002, 130, pp. 31-41.
[6] Stachowicz. F,. Effects of microstructure on the mechanical properties
and limit strains in uniaxial and biaxial stretching, Journal of mach.
work Technol.19, 1989, pp. 305-317
[7] Swadesh Kumar Singh, A K Gupta & K. Mahesh, CIRP J. Manf. Sci&
Tech, 3, 2010, pp. 73–79.
[8] Swadesh kumar singh, K. Mahesh, Amith kumar Gupta, ‘‘Prediction of
mechanical properties of extra deep drawn steel in blue brittle region
using artificial neural network”, Journal of Materials and Design, 31,
2010, pp. 2288-2295.
[9] Sowerby. R, Duncan. J. L, Failure in sheet metal in biaxial tension Int. j.
mech. Sci.13. 1971, pp. 217-229.
[10] Marciniak Z, Kuczynski K. Limit strains in the processes of stretchforming
sheet metal. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 9,
1967, pp. 609–20.
[11] Sachdev, A. K., Development of an Aluminium alloy sheet with
improved formability, Metallurgical Transactions, 21A, 1990, pp. 165-
175.
[12] Date, P. P. and K. A. Padmanabhan , On the formability of 3.15 mm
thick low-carbon steel sheets, Journal of Materials Processing
Technology, 35, 1992, pp. 165-180.
[13] Burford, D. A., K. Narasimhan and R. H. Wagoner, A theoretical
sensitivity analysis of full-dome formability tests: Parametric study for
n, m, r and, Metallurgical Transactions, 22A, 1991, pp. 1775-1778.
Processing Technology, 35, 1992, pp. 165-180.
[14] Story, J. M., G. W. Jarvis, H. R. Zonker and S. J. Murtha, Issues and
Trends in Automotive Aluminium sheet forming, Society of Automotive
Engineers, 102, 1993, pp. 320-344.
[15] Hiam, J. and A. Lee , Factors influencing the forming limit curves of
sheet steel, Sheet Metal Industries, 5, 1978, pp. 631-643.
[16] Swaminathan, K. and K. A. Padmanabhan, Some investigations on the
forming behaviour of an indigenous extra-deep drawing low carbon
steel-part-I: Experimental results, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 44, 1991, pp.
231-247.
[17] Ravi Kumar, D. and K. Swaminathan, Formability of two Al alloys,
Material Science and Technology, 15, 1999, pp. 1241-1252.
[18] Schedin, E. and A. Melander, On the strain distribution during the
stretch forming on low and high strength sheet steels. Journal of
Mechanical Working Technology, 15, 1987, pp. 181-202.
[19] Yang, T. S. and T. C. Hsu, Forming limit analysis of hemispherical
punch stretch forming, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 117,
2001, pp. 32-36.
[20] Fekete, J. R., Overview of sheet metal for stamping, Society of
Automotive Engineers, 106, 1997, pp. 699-710
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:71694", author = "Eshwara K. Prasad and Raman R. Goud and Swadesh Kumar Singh and N. Sateesh", title = "Construction of Strain Distribution Profiles of EDD Steel at Elevated Temperatures", abstract = "In the present work, forming limit diagrams and strain
distribution profile diagrams for extra deep drawing steel at room and
elevated temperatures have been determined experimentally by
conducting stretch forming experiments by using designed and
fabricated warm stretchforming tooling setup. With the help of
forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) and strain, distribution profile
diagrams the formability of Extra Deep Drawing steel has been
analyzed and co-related with mechanical properties like strain
hardening COEFFICIENT (n) and normal anisotropy (r−). Mechanical
properties of EDD steel from room temperature to 4500C were
determined and discussed the impact of temperature on the properties
like work hardening exponent (n) anisotropy (r-) and strength
coefficient of the material. In addition, the fractured surfaces after
stretching have undergone the some metallurgical investigations and
attempt has been made to co-relate with the formability of EDD steel
sheets. They are co-related and good agreement with FLDs at various
temperatures.", keywords = "FLD, microhardness, strain distribution profile,
stretch forming.", volume = "9", number = "12", pages = "1437-7", }
