Blast Induced Ground Shock Effects on Pile Foundations
Due to increased number of terrorist attacks in recent years, loads induced by explosions need to be incorporated in building designs. For safer performance of a structure, its foundation should have sufficient strength and stability. Therefore, prior to any reconstruction or rehabilitation of a building subjected to blast, it is important to examine adverse effects on the foundation caused by blast induced ground shocks. This paper evaluates the effects of a buried explosion on a pile foundation. It treats the dynamic response of the pile in saturated sand, using explicit dynamic nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA. The blast induced wave propagation in the soil and the horizontal deformation of pile are presented and the results are discussed. Further, a parametric study is carried out to evaluate the effect of varying the explosive shape on the pile response. This information can be used to evaluate the vulnerability of piled foundations to credible blast events as well as develop guidance for their design.
[1] WTC web site, "World Trade Center 1993 Bombing",
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center_bombing, (Last
accessed 2011).
[2] Oklahoma City web site, "The Bombing of the Federal Building in
Oklahoma City", http://911research.wtc7.net/non911/
oklahoma/index.html, (Last accessed 2011).
[3] D. Altheide, "Terrorism and the politics of fear", Cultural studies -
Critical methodologies, 6(4), 2006, pp 415-439.
[4] C. Wu, and H. Hao, "Modeling of simultaneous ground shock and
airblast pressure on nearby structures from surface explosions",
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 31 (6), 2005, pp. 699-717.
[5] T. Ngo, P. Mendis, A. Gupta, and J. Ramsay, "Blast loading and blast
effects on structures - an overview", EJSE international special issue:
Loading on structures, 2007, pp 76-91.
[6] S. Lan, J. E. Crawford, and K. B. Morrill, "Design of reinforced concrete
columns to resist the effects of suitcase bombs", International
Proceeding of 6th international conference on shock and impacts loads on
structures, Australia, 2005, pp 5-10.
[7] X. Bao, and B, Li, "Residual strength of blast damaged reinforced
concrete columns", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37 (3),
2010, pp 295-308.
[8] R. Jayasooriya, D. P. Thambiratnam, N. J. Perera, and V. Kosse, "Blast
and residual capacity analysis of reinforced concrete framed building",
Engineering structures, 2011.
[9] H. Tabatabai, "Centrifuge modeling of underground structures subjected
to blast loading", PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering,
University of Florida, 1987.
[10] A. De, T.F. Zimmie, T. Abdoun, and A. Tessari, "Physical modeling of
explosive effects on tunnels, Fourth International Symposium on Tunnel
Safety and Security", Frankfart am Main, Germany, March 2010, pp
159-167.
[11] H-S. Shim, "Response of piles in saturated soil under blast loading",
Doctoral thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, US, 1996.
[12] Y. Yang, X. Xie, and R. Wang, "Numerical simulation of dynamic
response of operating metro tunnel induced by ground explosion",
Journal of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering, 2(4), 2010, pp
373-384.
[13] N. M. Nagy, E. A. Eltehawy, H. M. Elhanafy, and A. Eldesouky,
"Numerical modeling of geometrical analysis for underground
structures", 13th international conference on Aerospace science &
aviation technology, Egypt, May 2009.
[14] LS-DYNA, Livermore software technology cooperation, LS-DYNA
user-s manual, version 971, 2007.
[15] J. Granier, C. Gaudin, S.M. Springman, P.J. Culligan, D. Goodings, B.
Kutter, R. Phillips, M.F. Randolph, and L. Thorel, "Catalogue of scaling
laws and similitude questions in centrifuge modeling", International
Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 7 (3), 2007, pp 1-24.
[16] Wang, J., "Simulation of landmine Explosion Using LS-DYNA3D
Software: Benchmark Work of Simulation of Explosion in Soil and Air,
Report DSTO-TR-1168", Aeronautreal and Maritime Research
Laboratory, Australia, 2001.
[1] WTC web site, "World Trade Center 1993 Bombing",
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center_bombing, (Last
accessed 2011).
[2] Oklahoma City web site, "The Bombing of the Federal Building in
Oklahoma City", http://911research.wtc7.net/non911/
oklahoma/index.html, (Last accessed 2011).
[3] D. Altheide, "Terrorism and the politics of fear", Cultural studies -
Critical methodologies, 6(4), 2006, pp 415-439.
[4] C. Wu, and H. Hao, "Modeling of simultaneous ground shock and
airblast pressure on nearby structures from surface explosions",
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 31 (6), 2005, pp. 699-717.
[5] T. Ngo, P. Mendis, A. Gupta, and J. Ramsay, "Blast loading and blast
effects on structures - an overview", EJSE international special issue:
Loading on structures, 2007, pp 76-91.
[6] S. Lan, J. E. Crawford, and K. B. Morrill, "Design of reinforced concrete
columns to resist the effects of suitcase bombs", International
Proceeding of 6th international conference on shock and impacts loads on
structures, Australia, 2005, pp 5-10.
[7] X. Bao, and B, Li, "Residual strength of blast damaged reinforced
concrete columns", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37 (3),
2010, pp 295-308.
[8] R. Jayasooriya, D. P. Thambiratnam, N. J. Perera, and V. Kosse, "Blast
and residual capacity analysis of reinforced concrete framed building",
Engineering structures, 2011.
[9] H. Tabatabai, "Centrifuge modeling of underground structures subjected
to blast loading", PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering,
University of Florida, 1987.
[10] A. De, T.F. Zimmie, T. Abdoun, and A. Tessari, "Physical modeling of
explosive effects on tunnels, Fourth International Symposium on Tunnel
Safety and Security", Frankfart am Main, Germany, March 2010, pp
159-167.
[11] H-S. Shim, "Response of piles in saturated soil under blast loading",
Doctoral thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, US, 1996.
[12] Y. Yang, X. Xie, and R. Wang, "Numerical simulation of dynamic
response of operating metro tunnel induced by ground explosion",
Journal of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering, 2(4), 2010, pp
373-384.
[13] N. M. Nagy, E. A. Eltehawy, H. M. Elhanafy, and A. Eldesouky,
"Numerical modeling of geometrical analysis for underground
structures", 13th international conference on Aerospace science &
aviation technology, Egypt, May 2009.
[14] LS-DYNA, Livermore software technology cooperation, LS-DYNA
user-s manual, version 971, 2007.
[15] J. Granier, C. Gaudin, S.M. Springman, P.J. Culligan, D. Goodings, B.
Kutter, R. Phillips, M.F. Randolph, and L. Thorel, "Catalogue of scaling
laws and similitude questions in centrifuge modeling", International
Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 7 (3), 2007, pp 1-24.
[16] Wang, J., "Simulation of landmine Explosion Using LS-DYNA3D
Software: Benchmark Work of Simulation of Explosion in Soil and Air,
Report DSTO-TR-1168", Aeronautreal and Maritime Research
Laboratory, Australia, 2001.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:58979", author = "L. B. Jayasinghe and D. P. Thambiratnam and N. Perera and J. H. A. R. Jayasooriya", title = "Blast Induced Ground Shock Effects on Pile Foundations", abstract = "Due to increased number of terrorist attacks in recent years, loads induced by explosions need to be incorporated in building designs. For safer performance of a structure, its foundation should have sufficient strength and stability. Therefore, prior to any reconstruction or rehabilitation of a building subjected to blast, it is important to examine adverse effects on the foundation caused by blast induced ground shocks. This paper evaluates the effects of a buried explosion on a pile foundation. It treats the dynamic response of the pile in saturated sand, using explicit dynamic nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA. The blast induced wave propagation in the soil and the horizontal deformation of pile are presented and the results are discussed. Further, a parametric study is carried out to evaluate the effect of varying the explosive shape on the pile response. This information can be used to evaluate the vulnerability of piled foundations to credible blast events as well as develop guidance for their design.
", keywords = "Underground explosion, numerical simulation, pilefoundation, saturated soil.", volume = "7", number = "4", pages = "299-5", }
