Assessment of the Adaptive Pushover Analysis Using Displacement-based Loading in Prediction the Seismic Behaviour of the Unsymmetric-Plan Buildings
The recent drive for use of performance-based methodologies in design and assessment of structures in seismic areas has significantly increased the demand for the development of reliable nonlinear inelastic static pushover analysis tools. As a result, the adaptive pushover methods have been developed during the last decade, which unlike their conventional pushover counterparts, feature the ability to account for the effect that higher modes of vibration and progressive stiffness degradation might have on the distribution of seismic storey forces. Even in advanced pushover methods, little attention has been paid to the Unsymmetric structures. This study evaluates the seismic demands for three dimensional Unsymmetric-Plan buildings determined by the Displacement-based Adaptive Pushover (DAP) analysis, which has been introduced by Antoniou and Pinho [2004]. The capability of DAP procedure in capturing the torsional effects due to the irregularities of the structures, is investigated by comparing its estimates to the exact results, obtained from Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). Also the capability of the procedure in prediction the seismic behaviour of the structure is discussed.
[1] ATC-40, 1996, "Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings,"
Applied Technology Council, Volume 1, Redwood City, Calif.
[2] FEMA 356, 2000, "Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic
Rehabilitation of Buildings," Federal Emergency Management Agency,
Washington, D.C.
[3] Krawinkler, H., and Seneviratna, G.D.P.K., 1998, "Pros and cons of a
pushover analysis of seismic performance evaluation," Engineering
Structures, Vol. 20, No. 4-6, pp. 452-464.
[4] Freeman, S. A., and Nicoletti, J. P., and Tyrell J.V., 1975, "Evaluations
of existing buildings for seismic risk - A case study of Puget Sound
Naval Shipyard, Bremerton,Washington," Proceedings of the 1st U.S.
National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, p.p.113-122.
[5] Freeman, S. A., 1978, "Prediction of response of concrete buildings to
severe earthquake motion," American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Publ.
SP-55, 589-605.
[6] Freeman, S. A., 1998, "Development and use of capacity spectrum
method," The 6th US National Conference on Earthquake
Engineering=EERI, Seattle, Washington, Paper No. 269.
[7] Fajfar, P., 1999, "Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand
spectra," Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 28, p.p.
979-993.
[8] Chopra A. K., and Goel R. K., 1999, "Capacity demand diagram
methods for estimating seismic deformation of inelastic structures: SDF
systems," Report No. PEER-1999/02, Pacific Earthquake Engineering
Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
[9] Chopra A.K., and Goel R. K., 2000, "Evaluation of NSP to estimate
seismic deformation: SDF systems," Journal of Structural Engineering
(ASCE), 126, 482- 490.
[10] Paret, T. F., Sasaki, K. K., Eilbeck, D. H. and Freeman, S. A., 1996,
"Approximate inelastic procedures to identify failure mechanisms from
higher mode effects," Proc. of the Eleventh World Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, Disc 2, Paper No. 966
[11] Sasaki, K. K., Freeman, S. A. and Paret, T. F., 1998, "Multi-mode
pushover procedure (MMP) - A method to identify the effects of higher
modes in a pushover analysis," Proc. of the Sixth US National
Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering
Research Inst., Oakland, California, 12 pp.
[12] Moghadam, A. S. and Tso, W. K., 2002, "A pushover procedure for tall
buildings," Proc. of the Twelfth European Conference on Earthquake
Engineering, London, United Kingdom, Paper No. 395.
[13] Chopra, A. K. and Goel, R. K., 2002, "A modal pushover analysis
procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings," Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics 31, 561-582.
[14] Bracci, J. M., Kunnath, S. K. and Reinhorn, A. M., 1997, "Seismic
performance and retrofit evaluation of reinforced concrete structures,"
Journal of Structural Engineering 123(1), 3-10.
[15] Lefort, T., 2000, "Advanced pushover analysis of RC multi-storey
buildings," MSc Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
[16] Gupta, B. and Kunnath, S. K., 2000, "Adaptive spectra-based pushover
procedure for seismic evaluation of structures," Earthquake Spectra
16(2), 367-391.
[17] Antonio, S., and Pinho, R., 2004, "Advantages and Limitations of
Adaptive and Non-adaptive Force-Based Pushover Procedures" J.
Earthquake Eng., 8(4), 497-522.
[18] Antonio, S., and Pinho, R., 2004, "Development and verification of a
displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure," J. Earthquake Eng.,
8(5), 643-661.
[19] Antonio, S., Rovithakis, A., and Pinho, R., 2002, "Development and
verification of a fully adaptive pushover procedure," Proc., 12th
European Conf. on Eq. Engineering, London, Paper No. 822.
[20] Kalkan, E., and Kunnath, S. K, 2006, " Adaptive modal combination for
nonlinear static analysis of building structures," J Struct Eng 132 (11)
(2006), pp. 1721-1731
[21] Shakeri, K., and Shayanfar, M.A., and Kabeyasawa, T., 2010, "A story
shear-based adaptive pushover procedure for estimating seismic
demands of buildings," Engineering Structures, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 174-
183.
[22] OpenSees, (2008), "Open system for earthquake engineering
simulation." (http://opensees.berkeley.edu)
[23] Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER, University of
California, Berkeley, Calif. URL: http://peer.berkeley.edu/
[1] ATC-40, 1996, "Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings,"
Applied Technology Council, Volume 1, Redwood City, Calif.
[2] FEMA 356, 2000, "Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic
Rehabilitation of Buildings," Federal Emergency Management Agency,
Washington, D.C.
[3] Krawinkler, H., and Seneviratna, G.D.P.K., 1998, "Pros and cons of a
pushover analysis of seismic performance evaluation," Engineering
Structures, Vol. 20, No. 4-6, pp. 452-464.
[4] Freeman, S. A., and Nicoletti, J. P., and Tyrell J.V., 1975, "Evaluations
of existing buildings for seismic risk - A case study of Puget Sound
Naval Shipyard, Bremerton,Washington," Proceedings of the 1st U.S.
National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, p.p.113-122.
[5] Freeman, S. A., 1978, "Prediction of response of concrete buildings to
severe earthquake motion," American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Publ.
SP-55, 589-605.
[6] Freeman, S. A., 1998, "Development and use of capacity spectrum
method," The 6th US National Conference on Earthquake
Engineering=EERI, Seattle, Washington, Paper No. 269.
[7] Fajfar, P., 1999, "Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand
spectra," Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 28, p.p.
979-993.
[8] Chopra A. K., and Goel R. K., 1999, "Capacity demand diagram
methods for estimating seismic deformation of inelastic structures: SDF
systems," Report No. PEER-1999/02, Pacific Earthquake Engineering
Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
[9] Chopra A.K., and Goel R. K., 2000, "Evaluation of NSP to estimate
seismic deformation: SDF systems," Journal of Structural Engineering
(ASCE), 126, 482- 490.
[10] Paret, T. F., Sasaki, K. K., Eilbeck, D. H. and Freeman, S. A., 1996,
"Approximate inelastic procedures to identify failure mechanisms from
higher mode effects," Proc. of the Eleventh World Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, Disc 2, Paper No. 966
[11] Sasaki, K. K., Freeman, S. A. and Paret, T. F., 1998, "Multi-mode
pushover procedure (MMP) - A method to identify the effects of higher
modes in a pushover analysis," Proc. of the Sixth US National
Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering
Research Inst., Oakland, California, 12 pp.
[12] Moghadam, A. S. and Tso, W. K., 2002, "A pushover procedure for tall
buildings," Proc. of the Twelfth European Conference on Earthquake
Engineering, London, United Kingdom, Paper No. 395.
[13] Chopra, A. K. and Goel, R. K., 2002, "A modal pushover analysis
procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings," Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics 31, 561-582.
[14] Bracci, J. M., Kunnath, S. K. and Reinhorn, A. M., 1997, "Seismic
performance and retrofit evaluation of reinforced concrete structures,"
Journal of Structural Engineering 123(1), 3-10.
[15] Lefort, T., 2000, "Advanced pushover analysis of RC multi-storey
buildings," MSc Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
[16] Gupta, B. and Kunnath, S. K., 2000, "Adaptive spectra-based pushover
procedure for seismic evaluation of structures," Earthquake Spectra
16(2), 367-391.
[17] Antonio, S., and Pinho, R., 2004, "Advantages and Limitations of
Adaptive and Non-adaptive Force-Based Pushover Procedures" J.
Earthquake Eng., 8(4), 497-522.
[18] Antonio, S., and Pinho, R., 2004, "Development and verification of a
displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure," J. Earthquake Eng.,
8(5), 643-661.
[19] Antonio, S., Rovithakis, A., and Pinho, R., 2002, "Development and
verification of a fully adaptive pushover procedure," Proc., 12th
European Conf. on Eq. Engineering, London, Paper No. 822.
[20] Kalkan, E., and Kunnath, S. K, 2006, " Adaptive modal combination for
nonlinear static analysis of building structures," J Struct Eng 132 (11)
(2006), pp. 1721-1731
[21] Shakeri, K., and Shayanfar, M.A., and Kabeyasawa, T., 2010, "A story
shear-based adaptive pushover procedure for estimating seismic
demands of buildings," Engineering Structures, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 174-
183.
[22] OpenSees, (2008), "Open system for earthquake engineering
simulation." (http://opensees.berkeley.edu)
[23] Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER, University of
California, Berkeley, Calif. URL: http://peer.berkeley.edu/
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:55919", author = "M.O. Makhmalbaf and F. Mohajeri Nav and M. Zabihi Samani", title = "Assessment of the Adaptive Pushover Analysis Using Displacement-based Loading in Prediction the Seismic Behaviour of the Unsymmetric-Plan Buildings", abstract = "The recent drive for use of performance-based methodologies in design and assessment of structures in seismic areas has significantly increased the demand for the development of reliable nonlinear inelastic static pushover analysis tools. As a result, the adaptive pushover methods have been developed during the last decade, which unlike their conventional pushover counterparts, feature the ability to account for the effect that higher modes of vibration and progressive stiffness degradation might have on the distribution of seismic storey forces. Even in advanced pushover methods, little attention has been paid to the Unsymmetric structures. This study evaluates the seismic demands for three dimensional Unsymmetric-Plan buildings determined by the Displacement-based Adaptive Pushover (DAP) analysis, which has been introduced by Antoniou and Pinho [2004]. The capability of DAP procedure in capturing the torsional effects due to the irregularities of the structures, is investigated by comparing its estimates to the exact results, obtained from Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). Also the capability of the procedure in prediction the seismic behaviour of the structure is discussed.
", keywords = "Nonlinear static procedures, Unsymmetric-PlanBuildings, Torsional effects, IDA.", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "122-7", }
