Analyzing and Comparing the Hot-spot Thermal Models of HV/LV Prefabricated and Outdoor Oil-Immersed Power Transformers
The most important parameter in transformers life
expectancy is the hot-spot temperature level which accelerates the
rate of aging of the insulation. The aim of this paper is to present
thermal models for transformers loaded at prefabricated MV/LV
transformer substations and outdoor situations. The hot-spot
temperature of transformers is studied using their top-oil temperature
rise models. The thermal models proposed for hot-spot and top-oil
temperatures of different operating situations are compared. Since the
thermal transfer is different for indoor and outdoor transformers
considering their operating conditions, their hot-spot thermal models
differ from each other. The proposed thermal models are verified by
the results obtained from the experiments carried out on a typical
1600 kVA, 30 /0.4 kV, ONAN transformer for both indoor and
outdoor situations.
[1] Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers, IEEE Standard
C57.91, 1995. 12 June 2003.
[2] I. Iskender, A. Mamizadeh, "An improved nonlinear thermal model for
MV/LV prefabricated oil-immersed power transformer
substations "Electrical Engineering Volum :93 Issue: 1 pages :9-22 Mar
2011
[3] G. Swift, T. Molinski, W. Lehn, and R. Bray, "A fundamental approach
to transformer thermal modelingÔÇöPart I: Theory and equivalent
circuit," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 16, no. 13, 2001.
[4] IEC 60076-2 power transformer part 2 temperature rise, IEC standard
60076-2
[5] Z. Radakovic, S. Maksimovic, " Non-stationary thermal model of indoor
transformer stations ", Electrical Engineering 84 (2002) 109-117 _
Springer-Verlag 2002 , DOI 10.1007/s00202-001-0111-5
[6] D. Susa, M. Lehtonen, H. Nordman, "Dynamic Thermal Modeling of
Power Transformers" , Ieee Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 20,
No. 1, January 2005.
[7] High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 202: High-voltage/lowvoltage
prefabricated substation , IEC Standard 62271-202 , 06 2006
[8] IEEE C57.100-1999, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Thermal
Evaluation of Liquid-Immersed Distribution and Power Transformers.
[9] I. Iskender, A. Mamizadeh, "Thermal Capacitance Calculation of Top-
Oil Temperature for Power Transformers", International Review of
Electrical Engineering (IREE), VOL. 4, NO. 5, Part A, Page 882-886,
September - October 2009
[10] V. V. S. S. Haritha, T. R. Rao, A. Jain, M. Ramamoorty, "Thermal
Modeling of Electrical Utility Transformer", Third International
Conference on Power Systems (ICPS 2009), Report No:
IIIT/TR/2009/209, Hyderabad , INDIA, December 2009
[11] Daniel J. Tylavsky, Xiaolin Mao, Gary A. McCulla, "Transformer
Thermal Modeling: Improving Reliability Using Data Quality Control",
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 21, NO. 3,
Pages 1357-1366 JULY 2006
[1] Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers, IEEE Standard
C57.91, 1995. 12 June 2003.
[2] I. Iskender, A. Mamizadeh, "An improved nonlinear thermal model for
MV/LV prefabricated oil-immersed power transformer
substations "Electrical Engineering Volum :93 Issue: 1 pages :9-22 Mar
2011
[3] G. Swift, T. Molinski, W. Lehn, and R. Bray, "A fundamental approach
to transformer thermal modelingÔÇöPart I: Theory and equivalent
circuit," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 16, no. 13, 2001.
[4] IEC 60076-2 power transformer part 2 temperature rise, IEC standard
60076-2
[5] Z. Radakovic, S. Maksimovic, " Non-stationary thermal model of indoor
transformer stations ", Electrical Engineering 84 (2002) 109-117 _
Springer-Verlag 2002 , DOI 10.1007/s00202-001-0111-5
[6] D. Susa, M. Lehtonen, H. Nordman, "Dynamic Thermal Modeling of
Power Transformers" , Ieee Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 20,
No. 1, January 2005.
[7] High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 202: High-voltage/lowvoltage
prefabricated substation , IEC Standard 62271-202 , 06 2006
[8] IEEE C57.100-1999, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Thermal
Evaluation of Liquid-Immersed Distribution and Power Transformers.
[9] I. Iskender, A. Mamizadeh, "Thermal Capacitance Calculation of Top-
Oil Temperature for Power Transformers", International Review of
Electrical Engineering (IREE), VOL. 4, NO. 5, Part A, Page 882-886,
September - October 2009
[10] V. V. S. S. Haritha, T. R. Rao, A. Jain, M. Ramamoorty, "Thermal
Modeling of Electrical Utility Transformer", Third International
Conference on Power Systems (ICPS 2009), Report No:
IIIT/TR/2009/209, Hyderabad , INDIA, December 2009
[11] Daniel J. Tylavsky, Xiaolin Mao, Gary A. McCulla, "Transformer
Thermal Modeling: Improving Reliability Using Data Quality Control",
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 21, NO. 3,
Pages 1357-1366 JULY 2006
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:49289", author = "Ali Mamizadeh and Ires Iskender", title = "Analyzing and Comparing the Hot-spot Thermal Models of HV/LV Prefabricated and Outdoor Oil-Immersed Power Transformers", abstract = "The most important parameter in transformers life
expectancy is the hot-spot temperature level which accelerates the
rate of aging of the insulation. The aim of this paper is to present
thermal models for transformers loaded at prefabricated MV/LV
transformer substations and outdoor situations. The hot-spot
temperature of transformers is studied using their top-oil temperature
rise models. The thermal models proposed for hot-spot and top-oil
temperatures of different operating situations are compared. Since the
thermal transfer is different for indoor and outdoor transformers
considering their operating conditions, their hot-spot thermal models
differ from each other. The proposed thermal models are verified by
the results obtained from the experiments carried out on a typical
1600 kVA, 30 /0.4 kV, ONAN transformer for both indoor and
outdoor situations.", keywords = "Hot-spot Temperature, Dynamic Thermal Model,
MV/LV Prefabricated, Oil Immersed Transformers", volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "1-6", }