Analysis of Explosive Shock Wave and its Application in Snow Avalanche Release
Avalanche velocity (from start to track zone) has been estimated in the present model for an avalanche which is triggered artificially by an explosive devise. The initial development of the model has been from the concept of micro-continuum theories [1], underwater explosions [2] and from fracture mechanics [3] with appropriate changes to the present model. The model has been computed for different slab depth R, slope angle θ, snow density ¤ü, viscosity μ, eddy viscosity η*and couple stress parameter η. The applicability of the present model in the avalanche forecasting has been highlighted.
[1] V.K. Stokes : Couple stresses in Fluids. Phys Fluids 9, 1710-15, 1966.
[2] RS. Hollyer, Direct shock-wave damage to merchant ships from noncontact
underwater explosion. Trans SNAME; 67:773-84, 1959.
[3] M.F. Kannien and C. H. Popelar, Advanced fracture mechanics. Oxford
University Press, 1985.
[4] M. Mellor, Avalanches. Technical Report CRSE III-A3d, Cold Regions
Research Engineering Laboratory, 1968.
[5] B. Salm, On Non-uniform, Steady Flow of Avalanching Snow. IASH
Publisher, No. 79, 161-188, 1986.
[6] D.M. Gray and D. H. Male, Handbook of snow. Pergamon Press, Ontario,
Canada, 1981.
[7] P. Bartelt, B. Salm and U. Gruber, Calculating dense-snow avalanche runout
using a Voellmy-fluid model with active/passive longitudinal straining.
Journal of Glaciology, 45(150):242254, 1999.
[8] F.M. White, Fluid Mechanics. Mc-Graw-Hill, 2003.
[9] D.M. McClung, Derivation of Voellmys maximum speed and run-out
estimates from a centre of mass model. Journal of Glaciology, 29(102),
1983.
[10] A. Voellmy, Uber die Zerstorungskraft von Lawinen. Schweizerische
Baiuzeiturzg, Jahrg. 73, Ht. 12, p. 159-162, 1955.
[11] J. Schweizer, Review of Dry Snow Slab Avalanche Release. J. Cold
Region Science and Technology, 30, 43-57, 1999.
[12] S.C. Cowin, The theory of polar fluids. Adv. In Appl. Mech. 14, 279-
347, 1974.
[13] A.C. Eringan, Theory of micro polar fluids. J. Math. Mech. 16, 1-18,
1966.
[14] M. Zarrini and R. N. Pralhad, Application of Fluid Dynamics and
Fracture Mechanics in the Estimation of Avalanche Release Velocity, .
Proceedings of 35th National Annual Conference on Fluid Mechanics
and Fluid Power, P.E.S. Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India, 10-13,
2008.
[15] C. F. Hung, P. Y. Hsu and J. J. Hwang-Fuu, Elastic shock response of
an air-backed plate to underwater explosion (in detonation file). Trans
SNAME: 151-158, 2005.
[16] K. Ramajeyathilagama and C. P. Vendhanb, Deformation and rupture
of thin rectangular plates objected to underwater shock. International
Journal of Impact Engineering (Elsevier) 30, 699-719, 2004.
[1] V.K. Stokes : Couple stresses in Fluids. Phys Fluids 9, 1710-15, 1966.
[2] RS. Hollyer, Direct shock-wave damage to merchant ships from noncontact
underwater explosion. Trans SNAME; 67:773-84, 1959.
[3] M.F. Kannien and C. H. Popelar, Advanced fracture mechanics. Oxford
University Press, 1985.
[4] M. Mellor, Avalanches. Technical Report CRSE III-A3d, Cold Regions
Research Engineering Laboratory, 1968.
[5] B. Salm, On Non-uniform, Steady Flow of Avalanching Snow. IASH
Publisher, No. 79, 161-188, 1986.
[6] D.M. Gray and D. H. Male, Handbook of snow. Pergamon Press, Ontario,
Canada, 1981.
[7] P. Bartelt, B. Salm and U. Gruber, Calculating dense-snow avalanche runout
using a Voellmy-fluid model with active/passive longitudinal straining.
Journal of Glaciology, 45(150):242254, 1999.
[8] F.M. White, Fluid Mechanics. Mc-Graw-Hill, 2003.
[9] D.M. McClung, Derivation of Voellmys maximum speed and run-out
estimates from a centre of mass model. Journal of Glaciology, 29(102),
1983.
[10] A. Voellmy, Uber die Zerstorungskraft von Lawinen. Schweizerische
Baiuzeiturzg, Jahrg. 73, Ht. 12, p. 159-162, 1955.
[11] J. Schweizer, Review of Dry Snow Slab Avalanche Release. J. Cold
Region Science and Technology, 30, 43-57, 1999.
[12] S.C. Cowin, The theory of polar fluids. Adv. In Appl. Mech. 14, 279-
347, 1974.
[13] A.C. Eringan, Theory of micro polar fluids. J. Math. Mech. 16, 1-18,
1966.
[14] M. Zarrini and R. N. Pralhad, Application of Fluid Dynamics and
Fracture Mechanics in the Estimation of Avalanche Release Velocity, .
Proceedings of 35th National Annual Conference on Fluid Mechanics
and Fluid Power, P.E.S. Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India, 10-13,
2008.
[15] C. F. Hung, P. Y. Hsu and J. J. Hwang-Fuu, Elastic shock response of
an air-backed plate to underwater explosion (in detonation file). Trans
SNAME: 151-158, 2005.
[16] K. Ramajeyathilagama and C. P. Vendhanb, Deformation and rupture
of thin rectangular plates objected to underwater shock. International
Journal of Impact Engineering (Elsevier) 30, 699-719, 2004.
@article{"International Journal of Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences:49835", author = "Mahmoud Zarrini and R. N. Pralhad", title = "Analysis of Explosive Shock Wave and its Application in Snow Avalanche Release", abstract = "Avalanche velocity (from start to track zone) has been estimated in the present model for an avalanche which is triggered artificially by an explosive devise. The initial development of the model has been from the concept of micro-continuum theories [1], underwater explosions [2] and from fracture mechanics [3] with appropriate changes to the present model. The model has been computed for different slab depth R, slope angle θ, snow density ¤ü, viscosity μ, eddy viscosity η*and couple stress parameter η. The applicability of the present model in the avalanche forecasting has been highlighted.
", keywords = "Snow avalanche velocity, avalanche zones, shockwave, couple stress fluids.", volume = "4", number = "7", pages = "779-4", }
