An Approach to Flatten the Gain of Fiber Raman Amplifiers with Multi-Pumping
The effects of the pumping wavelength and their power
on the gain flattening of a fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) are
investigated. The multi-wavelength pumping scheme is utilized to
achieve gain flatness in FRA. It is proposed that gain flatness
becomes better with increase in number of pumping wavelengths
applied. We have achieved flat gain with 0.27 dB fluctuation in a
spectral range of 1475-1600 nm for a Raman fiber length of 10 km by
using six pumps with wavelengths with in the 1385-1495 nm interval.
The effect of multi-wavelength pumping scheme on gain saturation in
FRA is also studied. It is proposed that gain saturation condition gets
improved by using this scheme and this scheme is more useful for
higher spans of Raman fiber length.
[1] Y. Cao, J. Schenk and M. A. Fiddy, “Third order nonlinear effect near a
degenerate band edge”, Optics and Photonics Letters, Vol 1, pp. 1-7,
2008.
[2] Lovkesh , S. S. Gill, “Ultrahigh-speed optical signal processing based on
single SOA at 60 Gb/s,” OPTIK-International Journal of Light & Optics,
Vol. 122, Issue 11, pp. 978-985, June 2011
[3] K. E. Zoiros, C. O’Riordan, and M. J. Connelly, “Semiconductor optical
amplifier pattern effect suppression using a birefringent fiber loop,”
IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 221-223, Feb. 2010.
[4] C. Headly and G.P.Agrawal, Raman amplification in fiber optical
communication systems Academic press, Chap.1, pp.11, 2005
[5] Y.Emori and S.Namiki, “Broadband Raman amplifer for WDM”, IEICE
Trans. Comm., E84-B (5), pp.1219-1231, 2001.
[6] K.Rottwitt and H.D.Kidorf, “A 92 nm bandwidth Raman amplifier” in
Optical fiber communication conference (San Jose, CA, 1998), Paper
PD6, 1998.
[7] Y.Emori, K.Tanaka and S.Namiki, “100 nm bandwidth flat-gain Raman
amplifiers pumped and gain-equalised by 12-wavelength- channel WDM
laser diode unit,” Electron Lett. 35, pp. 1355-1356, 1999.
[8] C.R.S.Fludger, V.Handerek, and R.J.Mears, “Ultra-wide bandwidth
Raman amplifiers” in Optical fiber communication conference, Paper
TuJ3, Anaheim, CA, 2002.
[9] H.Kidorf, K.Rottwitt, M. Nissov, M.Ma, and E.Rabarijaona, “Pump
interaction in a 100 nmbandwidth Raman amplifier,” IEEE Photon.
Technol. Lett.11, pp. 530-532, 1999.
[10] J. D. Ania-Castanon, S.M.Kobtsev, A.A.Pustovskikh, and S.K.Turitsyn,
“Simple design method for gain-flattened three-pump Raman
amplifiers”, IEEE, Electronics letters, pp. 500-501, 2002.
[11] Yoshihiro. Emori, Soko Kado, and Shu. Namiki, “Simple gain control
method for broad band Raman amplifiers gain flattened by
multiwavelength pumping” in ECOC’01 (27th Eur. Conference on
optical communication, Amsterdom, 2001), pp. 158-159, 2001.
[12] Victor E.Perlin, and Herbert G. Winful, “Optimal design of flat-gain
wide band fiber Raman amplifiers”, IEEE Journal of Lightwave
Technology, Vol.20, No.2, pp.250-254, 2002.
[13] C. Headly and G.P.Agrawal, Raman amplification in fiber optical
communication systems,” (Academic press, 2005), pp. 48, Chap.2
[14] A. J. Stenz, S.G. Grubb, and T. Nielsen, “Analog-grade power Raman
ring amplifier at 1.3μm,” OSA Tops on OAA’96, 1996, vol.5, pp.350-
368, 1996.
[15] S. V. Chernikov, D. V. Gapontsev, S.A.E. Lewis and J.R. Taylor,
“Broad band silica fiber Raman amplifiers at1.3 μm and 15 μm”, ECOC
98, 1998.
[16] K. Rotwitt and H. Kidorf, “A 92nm bandwidth Raman amplifier”,
OFC”97, Paper pd6-1, 1997.
[17] S.A.E Lewis, S.V. Chernikov and J.R., Taylor, “Ultra-broad bandwidth
spectral continuum generation in fiber Raman amplifier”, Electron. Lett.,
vol. 34, pp. 2267-2268, 1998.
[18] S.A.E Lewis, S.V. Chernikov and J. R., Taylor, “Gain saturation in silica
fiber Raman Amplifier,” Electronics Letters, vol. 35, no.11, pp. 923-924,
1999.
[19] Adish Bindal & Surinder Singh, “Optimization of fiber Raman amplifier
in a gain saturation regime” International Journal of Optical
Engineering, Vol. 51, Issue 1, pp. 015005-1-6, Jan. 2012.
[1] Y. Cao, J. Schenk and M. A. Fiddy, “Third order nonlinear effect near a
degenerate band edge”, Optics and Photonics Letters, Vol 1, pp. 1-7,
2008.
[2] Lovkesh , S. S. Gill, “Ultrahigh-speed optical signal processing based on
single SOA at 60 Gb/s,” OPTIK-International Journal of Light & Optics,
Vol. 122, Issue 11, pp. 978-985, June 2011
[3] K. E. Zoiros, C. O’Riordan, and M. J. Connelly, “Semiconductor optical
amplifier pattern effect suppression using a birefringent fiber loop,”
IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 221-223, Feb. 2010.
[4] C. Headly and G.P.Agrawal, Raman amplification in fiber optical
communication systems Academic press, Chap.1, pp.11, 2005
[5] Y.Emori and S.Namiki, “Broadband Raman amplifer for WDM”, IEICE
Trans. Comm., E84-B (5), pp.1219-1231, 2001.
[6] K.Rottwitt and H.D.Kidorf, “A 92 nm bandwidth Raman amplifier” in
Optical fiber communication conference (San Jose, CA, 1998), Paper
PD6, 1998.
[7] Y.Emori, K.Tanaka and S.Namiki, “100 nm bandwidth flat-gain Raman
amplifiers pumped and gain-equalised by 12-wavelength- channel WDM
laser diode unit,” Electron Lett. 35, pp. 1355-1356, 1999.
[8] C.R.S.Fludger, V.Handerek, and R.J.Mears, “Ultra-wide bandwidth
Raman amplifiers” in Optical fiber communication conference, Paper
TuJ3, Anaheim, CA, 2002.
[9] H.Kidorf, K.Rottwitt, M. Nissov, M.Ma, and E.Rabarijaona, “Pump
interaction in a 100 nmbandwidth Raman amplifier,” IEEE Photon.
Technol. Lett.11, pp. 530-532, 1999.
[10] J. D. Ania-Castanon, S.M.Kobtsev, A.A.Pustovskikh, and S.K.Turitsyn,
“Simple design method for gain-flattened three-pump Raman
amplifiers”, IEEE, Electronics letters, pp. 500-501, 2002.
[11] Yoshihiro. Emori, Soko Kado, and Shu. Namiki, “Simple gain control
method for broad band Raman amplifiers gain flattened by
multiwavelength pumping” in ECOC’01 (27th Eur. Conference on
optical communication, Amsterdom, 2001), pp. 158-159, 2001.
[12] Victor E.Perlin, and Herbert G. Winful, “Optimal design of flat-gain
wide band fiber Raman amplifiers”, IEEE Journal of Lightwave
Technology, Vol.20, No.2, pp.250-254, 2002.
[13] C. Headly and G.P.Agrawal, Raman amplification in fiber optical
communication systems,” (Academic press, 2005), pp. 48, Chap.2
[14] A. J. Stenz, S.G. Grubb, and T. Nielsen, “Analog-grade power Raman
ring amplifier at 1.3μm,” OSA Tops on OAA’96, 1996, vol.5, pp.350-
368, 1996.
[15] S. V. Chernikov, D. V. Gapontsev, S.A.E. Lewis and J.R. Taylor,
“Broad band silica fiber Raman amplifiers at1.3 μm and 15 μm”, ECOC
98, 1998.
[16] K. Rotwitt and H. Kidorf, “A 92nm bandwidth Raman amplifier”,
OFC”97, Paper pd6-1, 1997.
[17] S.A.E Lewis, S.V. Chernikov and J.R., Taylor, “Ultra-broad bandwidth
spectral continuum generation in fiber Raman amplifier”, Electron. Lett.,
vol. 34, pp. 2267-2268, 1998.
[18] S.A.E Lewis, S.V. Chernikov and J. R., Taylor, “Gain saturation in silica
fiber Raman Amplifier,” Electronics Letters, vol. 35, no.11, pp. 923-924,
1999.
[19] Adish Bindal & Surinder Singh, “Optimization of fiber Raman amplifier
in a gain saturation regime” International Journal of Optical
Engineering, Vol. 51, Issue 1, pp. 015005-1-6, Jan. 2012.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:69847", author = "Surinder Singh and Adish Bindal", title = "An Approach to Flatten the Gain of Fiber Raman Amplifiers with Multi-Pumping", abstract = "The effects of the pumping wavelength and their power
on the gain flattening of a fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) are
investigated. The multi-wavelength pumping scheme is utilized to
achieve gain flatness in FRA. It is proposed that gain flatness
becomes better with increase in number of pumping wavelengths
applied. We have achieved flat gain with 0.27 dB fluctuation in a
spectral range of 1475-1600 nm for a Raman fiber length of 10 km by
using six pumps with wavelengths with in the 1385-1495 nm interval.
The effect of multi-wavelength pumping scheme on gain saturation in
FRA is also studied. It is proposed that gain saturation condition gets
improved by using this scheme and this scheme is more useful for
higher spans of Raman fiber length.", keywords = "FRA, gain, pumping, WDM.", volume = "9", number = "6", pages = "1402-6", }
