A Markov Chain Model for Load-Balancing Based and Service Based RAT Selection Algorithms in Heterogeneous Networks
Next Generation Wireless Network (NGWN) is
expected to be a heterogeneous network which integrates all different
Radio Access Technologies (RATs) through a common platform. A
major challenge is how to allocate users to the most suitable RAT for
them. An optimized solution can lead to maximize the efficient use
of radio resources, achieve better performance for service providers
and provide Quality of Service (QoS) with low costs to users.
Currently, Radio Resource Management (RRM) is implemented
efficiently for the RAT that it was developed. However, it is not
suitable for a heterogeneous network. Common RRM (CRRM) was
proposed to manage radio resource utilization in the heterogeneous
network. This paper presents a user level Markov model for a three
co-located RAT networks. The load-balancing based and service
based CRRM algorithms have been studied using the presented
Markov model. A comparison for the performance of load-balancing
based and service based CRRM algorithms is studied in terms of
traffic distribution, new call blocking probability, vertical handover
(VHO) call dropping probability and throughput.
[1] K. Murray, R. Mathur, and D. Pesch, "Network Access and Handover
Control in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks for Smart Space
Environments", 1st International Workshop on Managing Ubiquitous
Communications and Services (MUCS 2003), Waterford, Ireland,
December 11, 2003.
[2] J. Perez-Romero, O. Sallent, R. Agusti and M. A. Diaz-Guerra, Radio
Resource Management Strategies in UMTS, John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
Chichester, UK 2005.
[3] R. Agusti, O. Salient, J. Perez-Romero, and L. Giupponi, "A Fuzzy-
Neural Based Approach for Joint Radio Resource Management in a
Beyond 3G Framework", First International Conference on Quality of
Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks (QSHINE-04),
Dallas, Texas, USA, October 18-20, 2004, pp. 216-224.
[4] O. E. Falowo and H. A. Chana, "Joint call admission control algorithms:
Requirements, approaches, and design considerations", Computer
Communications, vol. 31, no. 6, April 2008, pp. 1200-1217.
[5] 3GPP TR 25.881 v5.0.0, "Improvement of RRM across RNS and
RNS/BSS (Release 5)", 2001.
[6] A. Tolli, P. Hakalin, and H. Holma, "Performance Evaluation of
Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM)", 2002 IEEE
International Conference on Communications (ICC 2002), New York,
USA, April 28 - May 2, 2002, pp. 3429- 3433.
[7] A. Baraev, L. Jorguseski, and R. Litjens, "Performance Evaluation of
Radio Access Selection Procedures in Multi-Radio Access Systems",
The 8th International Symposiumon Wireless Personal Multimedia
Communication (WPMC'05), Aalborg, Denmark, September 18 - 22,
2005.
[8] J. Perez-Romero, O. Sallent, and R. Agusti, "Policy-based Initial RAT
Selection Algorithms in Heterogeneous Networks", The 7th IFIP
International Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications
Networks (MWCN 2005), Marrakech, Morocco, September 19-21, 2005.
[9] S. M. Ross, Introduction to Probability Models, Ninth Edition,
Academic Press, 2007.
[10] A. Tolli and P. Hakalin, "Adaptive Load Balancing Between Multiple
Cell Layers", 2002 IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC
2002), vol. 3, Vancouver, Canada, September 24-28, 2002, pp. 1691-
1695.
[11] K. H. Suleiman, H.A. Chan, and M.E. Dlodlo, "Load Balancing in the
Call Admission Control of Heterogeneous Wireless Networks",
International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing
(IWCMC 2006), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 3-6, 2006,
pp. 245-250.
[12] A. Pillekeit, F. Derakhshan, E. Jugl, and A. Mitschele-Thiel, "Force-
Based Load Balancing in Co-located UMTS/GSM Networks", 2004
IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2004), vol. 6, Los
Angeles, California, USA, September 26-29, 2004, pp. 4402-4406.
[13] L. Wu, A. E. Al-Sabbagh, K. Sandrasegaran, and M. Elkashlan "A User
Level Markov Model for Load Balancing Based RAT Selection
Algorithm", 8th International Information and Telecommunication
Technologies Symposium (I2TS 2009), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina
State, Brazil, December 09 - 11, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[14] W. Zhang, "Performance of Real-time and Data Traffic in
Heterogeneous Overlay Wireless Networks", 19th International
Teletraffic Congress (ITC 19), Beijing, China, August 29 - September 2,
2005.
[15] L. Wu, A. E. Al-Sabbagh, K. Sandrasegaran and M. Elkashlan, "A User
Level Markov model for service based CRRM algorithm", International
Conference on Multimedia Computing and Information Technology
(MCIT'2010), Sharjah, UAE, March 2-4, 2010, pp. 41 - 44.
[16] H. Holma and A. Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS - HSPA Evolution and
LTE, fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK 2007.
[1] K. Murray, R. Mathur, and D. Pesch, "Network Access and Handover
Control in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks for Smart Space
Environments", 1st International Workshop on Managing Ubiquitous
Communications and Services (MUCS 2003), Waterford, Ireland,
December 11, 2003.
[2] J. Perez-Romero, O. Sallent, R. Agusti and M. A. Diaz-Guerra, Radio
Resource Management Strategies in UMTS, John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
Chichester, UK 2005.
[3] R. Agusti, O. Salient, J. Perez-Romero, and L. Giupponi, "A Fuzzy-
Neural Based Approach for Joint Radio Resource Management in a
Beyond 3G Framework", First International Conference on Quality of
Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks (QSHINE-04),
Dallas, Texas, USA, October 18-20, 2004, pp. 216-224.
[4] O. E. Falowo and H. A. Chana, "Joint call admission control algorithms:
Requirements, approaches, and design considerations", Computer
Communications, vol. 31, no. 6, April 2008, pp. 1200-1217.
[5] 3GPP TR 25.881 v5.0.0, "Improvement of RRM across RNS and
RNS/BSS (Release 5)", 2001.
[6] A. Tolli, P. Hakalin, and H. Holma, "Performance Evaluation of
Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM)", 2002 IEEE
International Conference on Communications (ICC 2002), New York,
USA, April 28 - May 2, 2002, pp. 3429- 3433.
[7] A. Baraev, L. Jorguseski, and R. Litjens, "Performance Evaluation of
Radio Access Selection Procedures in Multi-Radio Access Systems",
The 8th International Symposiumon Wireless Personal Multimedia
Communication (WPMC'05), Aalborg, Denmark, September 18 - 22,
2005.
[8] J. Perez-Romero, O. Sallent, and R. Agusti, "Policy-based Initial RAT
Selection Algorithms in Heterogeneous Networks", The 7th IFIP
International Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications
Networks (MWCN 2005), Marrakech, Morocco, September 19-21, 2005.
[9] S. M. Ross, Introduction to Probability Models, Ninth Edition,
Academic Press, 2007.
[10] A. Tolli and P. Hakalin, "Adaptive Load Balancing Between Multiple
Cell Layers", 2002 IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC
2002), vol. 3, Vancouver, Canada, September 24-28, 2002, pp. 1691-
1695.
[11] K. H. Suleiman, H.A. Chan, and M.E. Dlodlo, "Load Balancing in the
Call Admission Control of Heterogeneous Wireless Networks",
International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing
(IWCMC 2006), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 3-6, 2006,
pp. 245-250.
[12] A. Pillekeit, F. Derakhshan, E. Jugl, and A. Mitschele-Thiel, "Force-
Based Load Balancing in Co-located UMTS/GSM Networks", 2004
IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2004), vol. 6, Los
Angeles, California, USA, September 26-29, 2004, pp. 4402-4406.
[13] L. Wu, A. E. Al-Sabbagh, K. Sandrasegaran, and M. Elkashlan "A User
Level Markov Model for Load Balancing Based RAT Selection
Algorithm", 8th International Information and Telecommunication
Technologies Symposium (I2TS 2009), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina
State, Brazil, December 09 - 11, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[14] W. Zhang, "Performance of Real-time and Data Traffic in
Heterogeneous Overlay Wireless Networks", 19th International
Teletraffic Congress (ITC 19), Beijing, China, August 29 - September 2,
2005.
[15] L. Wu, A. E. Al-Sabbagh, K. Sandrasegaran and M. Elkashlan, "A User
Level Markov model for service based CRRM algorithm", International
Conference on Multimedia Computing and Information Technology
(MCIT'2010), Sharjah, UAE, March 2-4, 2010, pp. 41 - 44.
[16] H. Holma and A. Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS - HSPA Evolution and
LTE, fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences:60464", author = "Abdallah Al Sabbagh", title = "A Markov Chain Model for Load-Balancing Based and Service Based RAT Selection Algorithms in Heterogeneous Networks", abstract = "Next Generation Wireless Network (NGWN) is
expected to be a heterogeneous network which integrates all different
Radio Access Technologies (RATs) through a common platform. A
major challenge is how to allocate users to the most suitable RAT for
them. An optimized solution can lead to maximize the efficient use
of radio resources, achieve better performance for service providers
and provide Quality of Service (QoS) with low costs to users.
Currently, Radio Resource Management (RRM) is implemented
efficiently for the RAT that it was developed. However, it is not
suitable for a heterogeneous network. Common RRM (CRRM) was
proposed to manage radio resource utilization in the heterogeneous
network. This paper presents a user level Markov model for a three
co-located RAT networks. The load-balancing based and service
based CRRM algorithms have been studied using the presented
Markov model. A comparison for the performance of load-balancing
based and service based CRRM algorithms is studied in terms of
traffic distribution, new call blocking probability, vertical handover
(VHO) call dropping probability and throughput.", keywords = "Heterogeneous Wireless Network, Markov chain
model, load-balancing based and service based algorithm, CRRM
algorithms, Beyond 3G network.", volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "43-7", }
