Image watermarking has become an important tool for
intellectual property protection and authentication. In this paper a
watermarking technique is suggested that incorporates two
watermarks in a host image for improved protection and robustness.
A watermark, in form of a PN sequence (will be called the secondary
watermark), is embedded in the wavelet domain of a primary
watermark before being embedded in the host image. The technique
has been tested using Lena image as a host and the camera man as
the primary watermark. The embedded PN sequence was detectable
through correlation among other five sequences where a PSNR of
44.1065 dB was measured. Furthermore, to test the robustness of the
technique, the watermarked image was exposed to four types of
attacks, namely compression, low pass filtering, salt and pepper noise
and luminance change. In all cases the secondary watermark was
easy to detect even when the primary one is severely distorted.
[1] Er-Hsien Fu, "Literature Survey on Digital Image Watermarking". EE
381K Multidimensional Signal Processing.
[2] F. Hartung and M. Kutter, "Multimedia Watermarking Techniques",
Proc. IEEE, Vol.87, no.7, pp 1079-1107, 1999.
[3] Wai Chu, "DCT-Based Image Watermarking Using Subsampling." IEEE
Transactions on Multimedia, Mar. 2003. pp. 34-38.
[4] Min-Jen Tsai, Hsiao-Ying Hung, "DCT and DWT-Based Image
Watermarking by Using Subsampling" Proceedings of the 24th
International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Workshops, MNSA (ICDCSW'04), March 23 - 24, 2004, Hachioji,
Tokyo, Japan, pp. 184-189.
[5] Xiangui Kang, Jiwu Huang, Yun. Q.Shi, and Yan Lin, "A DWT-DFT
Composite Watermarking Scheme Robust to both affine Transformation
and JPEG Compression", IEEE transactions on Circuits and Sysytems
for Video Technology, Vol.13, no.8, August 2003.
[6] Meerwald, P., and A.Uhl, " A survey of Wavelet-Domain Watermarking
Algorithms," in P.W. Wong and E.J. Delp, (eds.), Proceedings of
electronic Imaging 2001, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia
Contents III, San Jose, CA, January 2001, pp. 505-516.
[7] Inoue, H., et al. " A Digital Watermark Technique Based on the Wavelet
Transform and its Robustness on Image Compression and
Transformation, "Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International
Conference on Image Processing(ICIP-98), Vol.2, Chicago, October
1998,pp. 391-395.
[8] Wang, H.-J.M., P.-C.Su, and C.-C. J.Kuo, "Wavelet Based Digital
Image Watermarking," Optics Express 491, Vol.3, No.12, December
1998.
[9] Kundur, D., and D. Hatzinakos, "Digital Watermarking Using
Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition," International conference on
Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing(ICASSP), Seattle, May 1998,
pp.2969-2972.
[10] Reza Safabakhsh, Shiva Zaboli, Arash Tabibiazar, "Digital
Watermarking on Still Images Using Wavelet Transform", Proceedings
of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and
Computing (ITCC'04) Volume 1, April 05-07, 2004, Las Vegas, Nevada.
[11] Bender, W., D. Gruhl, and N. Morimoto, "Techniques for data hiding,"
in Proceedings of the SPIE 2420, Storage and Retrieval for Image and
Video Databases III, 1995, pp. 164-173.
[12] X. Xia, C. Boncelet, and G. Arce, "A multiresolution watermark for
digital images," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing
1997(ICIP'97), vol.1, Santa Barbara, CA, Oct. 1997, pp. 548-551.
[13] Ju Liu, Xiangang Zhang, Jiande Sun and Miguel Angel Lagaunas, "A
Digital Watermarking Scheme Based on ICA detection", Proceedings of
the 4th International Symposium on Independent Component Analysis
and Blind Signal Separation(ICA2003), April 2003, Nara, Japan.
[14] E. T. Lin and E. J. Delp, "A Review of Fragile Image Watermarks,"
Proceedings of the Multimedia and Security Workshop (ACM
Multimedia '99) Multimedia Contents, Orlando, FL, October 1999, pp.
25-29.
[15] E. T. Lin, C. I. Podilchuk, and E. J. Delp, "Detection of Image
Alterations Using Semi-Fragile Watermarks," Proceedings of the SPIE
International Conference on Security and Watermarking of Multimedia
Contents II, vol. 3971, San Jose, CA, January 23 - 28, 2000, pp. 152-
163.
[1] Er-Hsien Fu, "Literature Survey on Digital Image Watermarking". EE
381K Multidimensional Signal Processing.
[2] F. Hartung and M. Kutter, "Multimedia Watermarking Techniques",
Proc. IEEE, Vol.87, no.7, pp 1079-1107, 1999.
[3] Wai Chu, "DCT-Based Image Watermarking Using Subsampling." IEEE
Transactions on Multimedia, Mar. 2003. pp. 34-38.
[4] Min-Jen Tsai, Hsiao-Ying Hung, "DCT and DWT-Based Image
Watermarking by Using Subsampling" Proceedings of the 24th
International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Workshops, MNSA (ICDCSW'04), March 23 - 24, 2004, Hachioji,
Tokyo, Japan, pp. 184-189.
[5] Xiangui Kang, Jiwu Huang, Yun. Q.Shi, and Yan Lin, "A DWT-DFT
Composite Watermarking Scheme Robust to both affine Transformation
and JPEG Compression", IEEE transactions on Circuits and Sysytems
for Video Technology, Vol.13, no.8, August 2003.
[6] Meerwald, P., and A.Uhl, " A survey of Wavelet-Domain Watermarking
Algorithms," in P.W. Wong and E.J. Delp, (eds.), Proceedings of
electronic Imaging 2001, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia
Contents III, San Jose, CA, January 2001, pp. 505-516.
[7] Inoue, H., et al. " A Digital Watermark Technique Based on the Wavelet
Transform and its Robustness on Image Compression and
Transformation, "Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International
Conference on Image Processing(ICIP-98), Vol.2, Chicago, October
1998,pp. 391-395.
[8] Wang, H.-J.M., P.-C.Su, and C.-C. J.Kuo, "Wavelet Based Digital
Image Watermarking," Optics Express 491, Vol.3, No.12, December
1998.
[9] Kundur, D., and D. Hatzinakos, "Digital Watermarking Using
Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition," International conference on
Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing(ICASSP), Seattle, May 1998,
pp.2969-2972.
[10] Reza Safabakhsh, Shiva Zaboli, Arash Tabibiazar, "Digital
Watermarking on Still Images Using Wavelet Transform", Proceedings
of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and
Computing (ITCC'04) Volume 1, April 05-07, 2004, Las Vegas, Nevada.
[11] Bender, W., D. Gruhl, and N. Morimoto, "Techniques for data hiding,"
in Proceedings of the SPIE 2420, Storage and Retrieval for Image and
Video Databases III, 1995, pp. 164-173.
[12] X. Xia, C. Boncelet, and G. Arce, "A multiresolution watermark for
digital images," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing
1997(ICIP'97), vol.1, Santa Barbara, CA, Oct. 1997, pp. 548-551.
[13] Ju Liu, Xiangang Zhang, Jiande Sun and Miguel Angel Lagaunas, "A
Digital Watermarking Scheme Based on ICA detection", Proceedings of
the 4th International Symposium on Independent Component Analysis
and Blind Signal Separation(ICA2003), April 2003, Nara, Japan.
[14] E. T. Lin and E. J. Delp, "A Review of Fragile Image Watermarks,"
Proceedings of the Multimedia and Security Workshop (ACM
Multimedia '99) Multimedia Contents, Orlando, FL, October 1999, pp.
25-29.
[15] E. T. Lin, C. I. Podilchuk, and E. J. Delp, "Detection of Image
Alterations Using Semi-Fragile Watermarks," Proceedings of the SPIE
International Conference on Security and Watermarking of Multimedia
Contents II, vol. 3971, San Jose, CA, January 23 - 28, 2000, pp. 152-
163.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:61094", author = "Maha Sharkas and Dahlia ElShafie and Nadder Hamdy", title = "A Dual Digital-Image Watermarking Technique", abstract = "Image watermarking has become an important tool for
intellectual property protection and authentication. In this paper a
watermarking technique is suggested that incorporates two
watermarks in a host image for improved protection and robustness.
A watermark, in form of a PN sequence (will be called the secondary
watermark), is embedded in the wavelet domain of a primary
watermark before being embedded in the host image. The technique
has been tested using Lena image as a host and the camera man as
the primary watermark. The embedded PN sequence was detectable
through correlation among other five sequences where a PSNR of
44.1065 dB was measured. Furthermore, to test the robustness of the
technique, the watermarked image was exposed to four types of
attacks, namely compression, low pass filtering, salt and pepper noise
and luminance change. In all cases the secondary watermark was
easy to detect even when the primary one is severely distorted.", keywords = "DWT, Image watermarking, watermarkingtechniques, wavelets.", volume = "1", number = "5", pages = "1388-4", }
