The application of recycle waste tires into civil
engineering practices, namely asphalt paving mixtures and cementbased
materials has been gaining ground across the world. This
review summarizes and compares the recent achievements in the area
of plain rubberized concrete (PRC), in details. Different treatment
methods have been discussed to improve the performance of
rubberized Portland cement concrete. The review also includes the
effects of size and amount of tire rubbers on mechanical and
durability properties of PRC. The microstructure behaviour of the
rubberized concrete was detailed.
[1] Guleria, S.P. and R.K. Dutta, Study of flexural strength and leachate
analysis of fly ash-lime-gypsum composite mixed with treated tire chips.
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2013. 17 (4): p. 662-673.
[2] Terrie Bressette, H.Z., Anne Stonex, and R. Gary Hicks Asphalt Rubber
and Its Potential Use in China. p. 776-785.
[3] Batayneh, M.K., I. Marie, and I. Asi, Promoting the use of crumb rubber
concrete in developing countries. Waste Management, 2008. 28(11): p.
2171-2176.
[4] Shu, X. and B. Huang, Recycling of waste tire rubber in asphalt and
Portland cement concrete: An overview. Construction and Building
Materials, 2014. 67: p. 217-224.
[5] Meddah, A., M. Beddar, and A. Bali, Use of shredded rubber tire
aggregates for roller compacted concrete pavement. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 2014. 72: p. 187-192.
[6] Dong, Q., B. Huang, and X. Shu, Rubber modified concrete improved by
chemically active coating and silane coupling agent. Construction and
Building Materials, 2013. 48: p. 116-123.
[7] Siddique, R. and T.R. Naik, Properties of concrete containing scrap-tire
rubber--an overview. Waste Manag, 2004. 24(6): p. 563-9.
[8] Huang, B., et al., Investigation into waste tire rubber-filled concrete.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2004. 16 p. 187-194.
[9] Colom, X., F. Carrillo, and J. Cañavate, Composites reinforced with
reused tyres: Surface oxidant treatment to improve the interfacial
compatibility. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,
2007. 38(1): p. 44-50.
[10] Huang, B., X. Shu, and J. Cao, A two-staged surface treatment to
improve properties of rubber modified cement composites. Construction
and Building Materials, 2013. 40: p. 270-274.
[11] Li, G., et al., Development of waste tire modified concrete. Cement and
Concrete Research, 2004. 34(12): p. 2283-2289.
[12] F. Herna ´ndez-Olivares, G.B., M. Bollati, B. Witoszek Static and
dynamic behaviour of recycled tyre rubber-filled concrete. Cement and
Concrete Research (2002) 32 p. 1587–1596.
[13] Hernández-Olivares, F. and G. Barluenga, Fire performance of recycled
rubber-filled high-strength concrete. Cement and Concrete Research,
2004. 34(1): p. 109-117.
[14] Onuaguluchi, O. and D.K. Panesar, Hardened properties of concrete
mixtures containing pre-coated crumb rubber and silica fume. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 2014. 82: p. 125-131.
[15] Segre, N. and I. Joekes, Use of tire rubber particles as addition to
cement paste. Cement and Concrete Research, 2000. 30 p. 1421–1425.
[16] B. I. Lee, et al., Tyre rubber/cement matrix composites. 1993. 12: p.
967-968.
[17] Li, Z., F. Li, and J.S.L. Li, Properties of concrete incorportating rubber
tyre particles. Magazine of Concrete Research 1998. 50(4): p. 297–304.
[18] Rostami, H., J. Lepore, and T. Silverstraim. Use of Recycled Rubbertires
in Concrete (C). in Proceedings of the International Conference on
Concrete 2000. 1993. University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
[19] Tantala, M.W., J.A. Lepore, and I. Zandi. Quasi-elastic behavior of
rubber included concrete (RIC) using waste rubber tires. in Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and
Management. 1996. Philadelphia, USA.
[20] Warudkar, A.A. and N.S. Valekar, A Technical and Economical
Assessment of Replacement of Coarse Aggregate By Waste Tyre Rubber
In Construction. International Journal of Engineering Research and
General Science 2015. 3 (3): p. 754-766.
[21] Rangaraju, P.R., Durability evaluation of crumb rubber addition rate on
Portland cement concrete 2012, Shubhada Gadkar Department of Civil
Engineering Clemson University: South Carolina Department of Health
and Environmental Engineering.
[22] Su, H., Properties of concrete with recycled aggregates as coarse
aggregate and as-received/surface-modified rubber particles as fine
aggregate in Civil Engineering. 2015, University of Birmingham. p.
228.
[23] Takeshi, A., J.T. Nickolas, and K.W. Iddo, Resource recovery from used
rubber tires. Resources Policy 1999. 25 p. 179–188.
[24] Pacheco Torgal, F., A. Shasavandi, and S. Jalali, Tyre rubber wastes
based concrete: a review., in 1st International Conference on WASTES:
Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities. 2011:
[25] Cairns, R., H.Y. Kew, and M.J. Kenny, The use of recycled rubber tyres
in concrete construction. 2004, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.
[26] Pastor, J.M., et al., Glass reinforced concrete panels containing recycled
tyres: Evaluation of the acoustic properties of for their use as sound
barriers. Construction and Building Materials, 2014. 54: p. 541-549.
[27] Pelisser, F., et al., Concrete made with recycled tire rubber: Effect of
alkaline activation and silica fume addition. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 2011. 19(6-7): p. 757-763. [28] Pierce, C.E. and M.C. Blackwell, Potential of scrap tire rubber as
lightweight aggregate in flowable fill. Waste Management, 2003. 23(3):
p. 197-208.
[29] Benazzouk, A., et al., Physico-mechanical properties of aerated cement
composites containing shredded rubber waste. Cement and Concrete
Composites., 2006. 28: p. 650-657.
[30] Zhu, H., T. Noresit, and X. Zhang, Adding crumb rubber into exterior
wall materials. Waste Management Research 2002. 20(5): p. 407–13.
[31] Sukontasukkul, P. and C. Chaikaew, Properties of concrete pedestrian
block mixed with crumb rubber. Construction and Building Materials,
2006. 20(7): p. 450-7.
[32] Atahan, A.O. and U.K. Sevim, Testing and comparison of concrete
barriers containing shredded waste tire chips. Materials Letters, 2008.
62(21-22): p. 3754-3757.
[33] Elchalakani, M., High strength rubberized concrete containing silica
fume for the construction of sustainable road side barriers. Structures,
2015. 1: p. 20-38.
[34] Son, K.S., I. Hajirasouliha, and K. Pilakoutas, Strength and
deformability of waste tyre rubber-filled reinforced concrete columns.
Construction and Building Materials, 2011. 25(1): p. 218-226.
[35] Poon, C.S., Z.H. Shui, and L. Lam, Effect of microstructure of ITZ on
compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates.
Construction and Building Materials, 2004. 18(6): p. 461-8
[36] Güneyisi, E., M. Gesoğlu, and T. Özturan, Properties of rubberized
concretes containing silica fume. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004.
34(12): p. 2309-2317.
[37] Lijuan, L., R. Shenghua, and Z. Lan, Mechanical properties and
constitutive equations of concrete containing a low volume of tire rubber
particles. Construction and Building Materials, 2014. 70: p. 291–308.
[38] Reda Taha, M.M., et al., Mechanical, fracture, and microstructural
investigations of rubber concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering., 2008. 20: p. 640-9.
[39] Haibo, Z., et al., Particle modification on properties of rubberized
concrete. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed.,
2014: p. 763-8.
[40] Sherwood, P.T., The use of waste and recycled materials in roads.
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Transport, 1995. 111:
p. 116–24.
[41] Li, L.J., et al., Fire performance of high strength concrete reinforced
with recycled rubber particles. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2011.
63(3): p. 187-95.
[42] Yang, L., Z. Han, and C. Li, Strength and flexural strain of CRC
specimens at low temperature. Construction and Building Materials,
2011. 25 p. 906-910.
[43] Huang, B., et al., Investigation into waste tire rubber-filled concrete.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2004. 16 p. 187-194.
[44] Eldin, N.N. and A.B. Senouci, Rubber-tire particles as concrete
aggregate. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering., 1993. 5(4): p.
478-496.
[45] Khatip, Z.K. and F.M. Bayomy, Rubberized Portland cement concrete.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 1999. 11(3): p. 206-213.
[46] Topcu, J.B., The properties of rubberized concretes. Cement and
Concrete research, 1995. 25(2): p. 304-10.
[47] Wang, J.Y., Young's modulus of porous materials. Journal of Materials
Science 1984. 19: p. 809–14.
[48] Grinys, A., et al., Fracture of concrete containing crumb rubber. Journal
of Civil Engineering and Management, 2013. 19(3): p. 447–55.
[49] Haolin Su, et al., Properties of concrete prepared with waste tyre rubber
particles of uniform and varying sizes. Journal of Cleaner Production
2015. 91: p. 288-296.
[50] Najim, K.B. and M.R. Hall, A review of the fresh/hardened properties
and applications for plain- (PRC) and self-compacting rubberised
concrete (SCRC). Construction and Building Materials, 2010. 24(11): p.
2043-2051.
[51] Chou, L.H., et al., Improving rubber concrete by waste organic sulfur
compounds. Waste Manag Res, 2010. 28(1): p. 29-35.
[52] Turatsinze, A. and M. Garros, On the modulus of elasticity and strain
capacity of selfcompacting concrete incorporating rubber aggregates.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling Journal, 2008. 52(10): p. 1209–
15.
[53] Lee, H.S., et al., Development of tire-added latex concrete. ACI
Materials Journal, 1998. 95(4).
[54] Su, H., et al., Surface modified used rubber tyre aggregates: effect on
recycled concrete performance. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2015.
67(12): p. 680-691.
[55] Colom, X., et al., Structural and mechanical studies on modified reused
tyres composites. European Polymer Journal, 2006. 42(10): p. 2369-
2378.
[56] Aziz, I.A. and H.A. Salwa, Effect of rubber treated by acidic solution on
some mechanical properties of rubberize cement mortar Engineering
and Technical Journal, 2011. 29(13): p. 2793-2806.
[57] Zhang, H., et al., Effect of rubber particle modification on properties of
rubberized concrete. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater.
Sci. Ed., 2014. 29(4): p. 763-768.
[58] Albano, C., et al., Influence of scrap rubber addition to Portland
concrete composites: destructive and nondestructive testing. Composite
Structures, 2005. 71.: p. 439-446.
[59] Balaha, M., A. Badawy, and M. Hashish, Effect of using ground waste
tire rubber as fine aggregate on the behaviour of concrete mixes. Indian
Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences., 2007. 14: p. 427-435.
[60] Azevedo, F., et al., Properties and durability of HPC with tyre rubber
wastes. Construction and Building Materials, 2012. 34: p. 186-191.
[61] Gesogulu, M. and E. Güneyisi, Strength development and chloride
penetration in rubberized concretes with and without silica fume.
Materials and Structures, 2007. 40(9): p. 953-964.
[1] Guleria, S.P. and R.K. Dutta, Study of flexural strength and leachate
analysis of fly ash-lime-gypsum composite mixed with treated tire chips.
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2013. 17 (4): p. 662-673.
[2] Terrie Bressette, H.Z., Anne Stonex, and R. Gary Hicks Asphalt Rubber
and Its Potential Use in China. p. 776-785.
[3] Batayneh, M.K., I. Marie, and I. Asi, Promoting the use of crumb rubber
concrete in developing countries. Waste Management, 2008. 28(11): p.
2171-2176.
[4] Shu, X. and B. Huang, Recycling of waste tire rubber in asphalt and
Portland cement concrete: An overview. Construction and Building
Materials, 2014. 67: p. 217-224.
[5] Meddah, A., M. Beddar, and A. Bali, Use of shredded rubber tire
aggregates for roller compacted concrete pavement. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 2014. 72: p. 187-192.
[6] Dong, Q., B. Huang, and X. Shu, Rubber modified concrete improved by
chemically active coating and silane coupling agent. Construction and
Building Materials, 2013. 48: p. 116-123.
[7] Siddique, R. and T.R. Naik, Properties of concrete containing scrap-tire
rubber--an overview. Waste Manag, 2004. 24(6): p. 563-9.
[8] Huang, B., et al., Investigation into waste tire rubber-filled concrete.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2004. 16 p. 187-194.
[9] Colom, X., F. Carrillo, and J. Cañavate, Composites reinforced with
reused tyres: Surface oxidant treatment to improve the interfacial
compatibility. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,
2007. 38(1): p. 44-50.
[10] Huang, B., X. Shu, and J. Cao, A two-staged surface treatment to
improve properties of rubber modified cement composites. Construction
and Building Materials, 2013. 40: p. 270-274.
[11] Li, G., et al., Development of waste tire modified concrete. Cement and
Concrete Research, 2004. 34(12): p. 2283-2289.
[12] F. Herna ´ndez-Olivares, G.B., M. Bollati, B. Witoszek Static and
dynamic behaviour of recycled tyre rubber-filled concrete. Cement and
Concrete Research (2002) 32 p. 1587–1596.
[13] Hernández-Olivares, F. and G. Barluenga, Fire performance of recycled
rubber-filled high-strength concrete. Cement and Concrete Research,
2004. 34(1): p. 109-117.
[14] Onuaguluchi, O. and D.K. Panesar, Hardened properties of concrete
mixtures containing pre-coated crumb rubber and silica fume. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 2014. 82: p. 125-131.
[15] Segre, N. and I. Joekes, Use of tire rubber particles as addition to
cement paste. Cement and Concrete Research, 2000. 30 p. 1421–1425.
[16] B. I. Lee, et al., Tyre rubber/cement matrix composites. 1993. 12: p.
967-968.
[17] Li, Z., F. Li, and J.S.L. Li, Properties of concrete incorportating rubber
tyre particles. Magazine of Concrete Research 1998. 50(4): p. 297–304.
[18] Rostami, H., J. Lepore, and T. Silverstraim. Use of Recycled Rubbertires
in Concrete (C). in Proceedings of the International Conference on
Concrete 2000. 1993. University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
[19] Tantala, M.W., J.A. Lepore, and I. Zandi. Quasi-elastic behavior of
rubber included concrete (RIC) using waste rubber tires. in Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and
Management. 1996. Philadelphia, USA.
[20] Warudkar, A.A. and N.S. Valekar, A Technical and Economical
Assessment of Replacement of Coarse Aggregate By Waste Tyre Rubber
In Construction. International Journal of Engineering Research and
General Science 2015. 3 (3): p. 754-766.
[21] Rangaraju, P.R., Durability evaluation of crumb rubber addition rate on
Portland cement concrete 2012, Shubhada Gadkar Department of Civil
Engineering Clemson University: South Carolina Department of Health
and Environmental Engineering.
[22] Su, H., Properties of concrete with recycled aggregates as coarse
aggregate and as-received/surface-modified rubber particles as fine
aggregate in Civil Engineering. 2015, University of Birmingham. p.
228.
[23] Takeshi, A., J.T. Nickolas, and K.W. Iddo, Resource recovery from used
rubber tires. Resources Policy 1999. 25 p. 179–188.
[24] Pacheco Torgal, F., A. Shasavandi, and S. Jalali, Tyre rubber wastes
based concrete: a review., in 1st International Conference on WASTES:
Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities. 2011:
[25] Cairns, R., H.Y. Kew, and M.J. Kenny, The use of recycled rubber tyres
in concrete construction. 2004, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.
[26] Pastor, J.M., et al., Glass reinforced concrete panels containing recycled
tyres: Evaluation of the acoustic properties of for their use as sound
barriers. Construction and Building Materials, 2014. 54: p. 541-549.
[27] Pelisser, F., et al., Concrete made with recycled tire rubber: Effect of
alkaline activation and silica fume addition. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 2011. 19(6-7): p. 757-763. [28] Pierce, C.E. and M.C. Blackwell, Potential of scrap tire rubber as
lightweight aggregate in flowable fill. Waste Management, 2003. 23(3):
p. 197-208.
[29] Benazzouk, A., et al., Physico-mechanical properties of aerated cement
composites containing shredded rubber waste. Cement and Concrete
Composites., 2006. 28: p. 650-657.
[30] Zhu, H., T. Noresit, and X. Zhang, Adding crumb rubber into exterior
wall materials. Waste Management Research 2002. 20(5): p. 407–13.
[31] Sukontasukkul, P. and C. Chaikaew, Properties of concrete pedestrian
block mixed with crumb rubber. Construction and Building Materials,
2006. 20(7): p. 450-7.
[32] Atahan, A.O. and U.K. Sevim, Testing and comparison of concrete
barriers containing shredded waste tire chips. Materials Letters, 2008.
62(21-22): p. 3754-3757.
[33] Elchalakani, M., High strength rubberized concrete containing silica
fume for the construction of sustainable road side barriers. Structures,
2015. 1: p. 20-38.
[34] Son, K.S., I. Hajirasouliha, and K. Pilakoutas, Strength and
deformability of waste tyre rubber-filled reinforced concrete columns.
Construction and Building Materials, 2011. 25(1): p. 218-226.
[35] Poon, C.S., Z.H. Shui, and L. Lam, Effect of microstructure of ITZ on
compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates.
Construction and Building Materials, 2004. 18(6): p. 461-8
[36] Güneyisi, E., M. Gesoğlu, and T. Özturan, Properties of rubberized
concretes containing silica fume. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004.
34(12): p. 2309-2317.
[37] Lijuan, L., R. Shenghua, and Z. Lan, Mechanical properties and
constitutive equations of concrete containing a low volume of tire rubber
particles. Construction and Building Materials, 2014. 70: p. 291–308.
[38] Reda Taha, M.M., et al., Mechanical, fracture, and microstructural
investigations of rubber concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering., 2008. 20: p. 640-9.
[39] Haibo, Z., et al., Particle modification on properties of rubberized
concrete. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed.,
2014: p. 763-8.
[40] Sherwood, P.T., The use of waste and recycled materials in roads.
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Transport, 1995. 111:
p. 116–24.
[41] Li, L.J., et al., Fire performance of high strength concrete reinforced
with recycled rubber particles. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2011.
63(3): p. 187-95.
[42] Yang, L., Z. Han, and C. Li, Strength and flexural strain of CRC
specimens at low temperature. Construction and Building Materials,
2011. 25 p. 906-910.
[43] Huang, B., et al., Investigation into waste tire rubber-filled concrete.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2004. 16 p. 187-194.
[44] Eldin, N.N. and A.B. Senouci, Rubber-tire particles as concrete
aggregate. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering., 1993. 5(4): p.
478-496.
[45] Khatip, Z.K. and F.M. Bayomy, Rubberized Portland cement concrete.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 1999. 11(3): p. 206-213.
[46] Topcu, J.B., The properties of rubberized concretes. Cement and
Concrete research, 1995. 25(2): p. 304-10.
[47] Wang, J.Y., Young's modulus of porous materials. Journal of Materials
Science 1984. 19: p. 809–14.
[48] Grinys, A., et al., Fracture of concrete containing crumb rubber. Journal
of Civil Engineering and Management, 2013. 19(3): p. 447–55.
[49] Haolin Su, et al., Properties of concrete prepared with waste tyre rubber
particles of uniform and varying sizes. Journal of Cleaner Production
2015. 91: p. 288-296.
[50] Najim, K.B. and M.R. Hall, A review of the fresh/hardened properties
and applications for plain- (PRC) and self-compacting rubberised
concrete (SCRC). Construction and Building Materials, 2010. 24(11): p.
2043-2051.
[51] Chou, L.H., et al., Improving rubber concrete by waste organic sulfur
compounds. Waste Manag Res, 2010. 28(1): p. 29-35.
[52] Turatsinze, A. and M. Garros, On the modulus of elasticity and strain
capacity of selfcompacting concrete incorporating rubber aggregates.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling Journal, 2008. 52(10): p. 1209–
15.
[53] Lee, H.S., et al., Development of tire-added latex concrete. ACI
Materials Journal, 1998. 95(4).
[54] Su, H., et al., Surface modified used rubber tyre aggregates: effect on
recycled concrete performance. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2015.
67(12): p. 680-691.
[55] Colom, X., et al., Structural and mechanical studies on modified reused
tyres composites. European Polymer Journal, 2006. 42(10): p. 2369-
2378.
[56] Aziz, I.A. and H.A. Salwa, Effect of rubber treated by acidic solution on
some mechanical properties of rubberize cement mortar Engineering
and Technical Journal, 2011. 29(13): p. 2793-2806.
[57] Zhang, H., et al., Effect of rubber particle modification on properties of
rubberized concrete. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater.
Sci. Ed., 2014. 29(4): p. 763-768.
[58] Albano, C., et al., Influence of scrap rubber addition to Portland
concrete composites: destructive and nondestructive testing. Composite
Structures, 2005. 71.: p. 439-446.
[59] Balaha, M., A. Badawy, and M. Hashish, Effect of using ground waste
tire rubber as fine aggregate on the behaviour of concrete mixes. Indian
Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences., 2007. 14: p. 427-435.
[60] Azevedo, F., et al., Properties and durability of HPC with tyre rubber
wastes. Construction and Building Materials, 2012. 34: p. 186-191.
[61] Gesogulu, M. and E. Güneyisi, Strength development and chloride
penetration in rubberized concretes with and without silica fume.
Materials and Structures, 2007. 40(9): p. 953-964.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:71875", author = "M. A. Yazdi and J. Yang and L. Yihui and H. Su", title = "A Review on Application of Waste Tire in Concrete", abstract = "The application of recycle waste tires into civil
engineering practices, namely asphalt paving mixtures and cementbased
materials has been gaining ground across the world. This
review summarizes and compares the recent achievements in the area
of plain rubberized concrete (PRC), in details. Different treatment
methods have been discussed to improve the performance of
rubberized Portland cement concrete. The review also includes the
effects of size and amount of tire rubbers on mechanical and
durability properties of PRC. The microstructure behaviour of the
rubberized concrete was detailed.", keywords = "Waste rubber aggregates, Microstructure, Treatment
methods, Size and content effects.", volume = "9", number = "12", pages = "1656-6", }
