Estimating the Flow Velocity Using Flow Generated Sound
Sound processing is one the subjects that newly
attracts a lot of researchers. It is efficient and usually less expensive
than other methods. In this paper the flow generated sound is used to
estimate the flow speed of free flows. Many sound samples are
gathered. After analyzing the data, a parameter named wave power is
chosen. For all samples the wave power is calculated and averaged
for each flow speed. A curve is fitted to the averaged data and a
correlation between the wave power and flow speed is found. Test
data are used to validate the method and errors for all test data were
under 10 percent. The speed of the flow can be estimated by
calculating the wave power of the flow generated sound and using the
proposed correlation.
[1] Al-Masry, W. A., Ali, E. M., & Aqeel, Y. M. (2005). Determination of
Bubble Characteristics in Bubble Columns Using Statistical Analysis of
Acoustic Sound Measurements. Chemical Engineering Research and
Design, 83(10), 1196-1207.
[2] Fu, S., & Wu, Y. (2001). Detection of Velocity Distribution of a flow
Field Using Sequences of Schlieren Images. Optical Engineering, 40(8),
1661-1666.
[3] Takeda, Y. (1995). Velocity Profile Measurement by Ultrasonic Doppler
Method. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 10(4), 444-453.
[4] Takeda, Y. (1986). Velocity profile measurement by ultrasound Doppler
shift method. International journal of heat and fluid flow, 7(4), 313-318.
[5] Gysling, D. L. (2003). U.S. Patent No. 6,609,069. Washington, DC: U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office.
[6] Hardin, J. C., & Patterson, J. L. (1979). Monitoring the state of the
human airways by analysis of respiratory sound. Acta Astronautica,
6(9), 1137-1151.
[7] Lighthill, M. J. (1952, March). On sound generated aerodynamically. I.
General theory. In Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A:
Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Vol. 211, No. 1107,
pp. 564-587). The Royal Society.
[8] Kato, C., Yamade, Y., Wang, H., Guo, Y., Miyazawa, M., Takaishi, T.,
... & Takano, Y. (2007). Numerical prediction of sound generated from
flows with a low Mach number. Computers & Fluids, 36(1), 53-68.
[9] Wang, M., Freund, J. B., & Lele, S. K. (2006). Computational prediction
of flow-generated sound. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 38, 483-512.
[10] Roux, S., Lartigue, G., Poinsot, T., Meier, U., & Bérat, C. (2005).
Studies of mean and unsteady flow in a swirled combustor using
experiments, acoustic analysis, and large eddy simulations. Combustion
and Flame, 141(1), 40-54.
[11] Surek, D. (2013). Analysis and Characterization of Flow-Generated
Sound. American Journal of Computational Mathematics, 2013.
[12] García, C. M., Cantero, M. I., Niño, Y., & García, M. H. (2005).
Turbulence measurements with acoustic Doppler velocimeters. Journal
of Hydraulic Engineering.
[13] Davies, H. G., & Williams, J. E. (1968). Aerodynamic sound generation
in a pipe. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 32(04), 765-778.
[14] Ingard, U., & Singhal, V. K. (1974). Sound attenuation in turbulent pipe
flow. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 55(3), 535-538.
[15] Howe, M. S. (1975). The generation of sound by aerodynamic sources in
an inhomogeneous steady flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 67(03),
597-610.
[1] Al-Masry, W. A., Ali, E. M., & Aqeel, Y. M. (2005). Determination of
Bubble Characteristics in Bubble Columns Using Statistical Analysis of
Acoustic Sound Measurements. Chemical Engineering Research and
Design, 83(10), 1196-1207.
[2] Fu, S., & Wu, Y. (2001). Detection of Velocity Distribution of a flow
Field Using Sequences of Schlieren Images. Optical Engineering, 40(8),
1661-1666.
[3] Takeda, Y. (1995). Velocity Profile Measurement by Ultrasonic Doppler
Method. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 10(4), 444-453.
[4] Takeda, Y. (1986). Velocity profile measurement by ultrasound Doppler
shift method. International journal of heat and fluid flow, 7(4), 313-318.
[5] Gysling, D. L. (2003). U.S. Patent No. 6,609,069. Washington, DC: U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office.
[6] Hardin, J. C., & Patterson, J. L. (1979). Monitoring the state of the
human airways by analysis of respiratory sound. Acta Astronautica,
6(9), 1137-1151.
[7] Lighthill, M. J. (1952, March). On sound generated aerodynamically. I.
General theory. In Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A:
Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Vol. 211, No. 1107,
pp. 564-587). The Royal Society.
[8] Kato, C., Yamade, Y., Wang, H., Guo, Y., Miyazawa, M., Takaishi, T.,
... & Takano, Y. (2007). Numerical prediction of sound generated from
flows with a low Mach number. Computers & Fluids, 36(1), 53-68.
[9] Wang, M., Freund, J. B., & Lele, S. K. (2006). Computational prediction
of flow-generated sound. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 38, 483-512.
[10] Roux, S., Lartigue, G., Poinsot, T., Meier, U., & Bérat, C. (2005).
Studies of mean and unsteady flow in a swirled combustor using
experiments, acoustic analysis, and large eddy simulations. Combustion
and Flame, 141(1), 40-54.
[11] Surek, D. (2013). Analysis and Characterization of Flow-Generated
Sound. American Journal of Computational Mathematics, 2013.
[12] García, C. M., Cantero, M. I., Niño, Y., & García, M. H. (2005).
Turbulence measurements with acoustic Doppler velocimeters. Journal
of Hydraulic Engineering.
[13] Davies, H. G., & Williams, J. E. (1968). Aerodynamic sound generation
in a pipe. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 32(04), 765-778.
[14] Ingard, U., & Singhal, V. K. (1974). Sound attenuation in turbulent pipe
flow. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 55(3), 535-538.
[15] Howe, M. S. (1975). The generation of sound by aerodynamic sources in
an inhomogeneous steady flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 67(03),
597-610.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:70586", author = "Saeed Hosseini and Ali Reza Tahavvor", title = "Estimating the Flow Velocity Using Flow Generated Sound", abstract = "Sound processing is one the subjects that newly
attracts a lot of researchers. It is efficient and usually less expensive
than other methods. In this paper the flow generated sound is used to
estimate the flow speed of free flows. Many sound samples are
gathered. After analyzing the data, a parameter named wave power is
chosen. For all samples the wave power is calculated and averaged
for each flow speed. A curve is fitted to the averaged data and a
correlation between the wave power and flow speed is found. Test
data are used to validate the method and errors for all test data were
under 10 percent. The speed of the flow can be estimated by
calculating the wave power of the flow generated sound and using the
proposed correlation.", keywords = "Flow generated sound, sound processing, speed,
wave power.", volume = "9", number = "8", pages = "1490-4", }