Debye Layer Confinement of Nucleons in Nuclei by Laser Ablated Plasma
Following the laser ablation studies leading to a
theory of nuclei confinement by a Debye layer mechanism, we
present here numerical evaluations for the known stable nuclei where
the Coulomb repulsion is included as a rather minor component
especially for lager nuclei. In this research paper the required
physical conditions for the formation and stability of nuclei
particularly endothermic nuclei with mass number greater than to
which is an open astrophysical question have been investigated.
Using the Debye layer mechanism, nuclear surface energy, Fermi
energy and coulomb repulsion energy it is possible to find conditions
under which the process of nucleation is permitted in early universe.
Our numerical calculations indicate that about 200 second after the
big bang at temperature of about 100 KeV and subrelativistic region
with nucleon density nearly equal to normal nuclear density namely,
10cm all endothermic and exothermic nuclei have been
formed.
[1] R. Kippenhahn and A. Weigert, Stellar Structure and Evolution,
Springer, Heidelberg, 1990.
[2] H. Hora, Plasma Model for Surface Tension of Nuclei and the Phase
Transition to the Quark Plasma, Report CERN-PS/DL-Note-91/05,
August (1991)
[3] H. Hora, et al, High Power Laser Ablation, Proceeding of SPIE, Vol.
S448, 1190-1200, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2004.
[4] H. Hora, G.H. Miley and F. Osman, Astrophysics and Space Science,
298 (2005) 247-253.
[5] F. Osman, N. Ghahramany, and H. Hora, Laser and Particle Beams, 23
(2005) 461-466.
[6] H. Hora, Laser and Particle Beams, 24 (2006) 35-40.
[7] H. Hora, Phys. Fluids 12 (1969) 181.
[8] H. Hora, Plasmas at High Temperature and Density, Springer,
Heidelberg, 1991; H. Hora, Laser Plasma and the Nonlinearity Principle,
SPIE Press, Bellingham WA, 2000.
[9] S. Eliezer, A. J. Ghatak, H. Hora, and E. Teller, Fundamentals of
Equation of State, World Scientific, Singapore, 2002.
[10] H. Hora, P. Lalousis and S. Eliezer, Phys. Rev. Letters, 53 (1984)1650;
S. Eliezer and H. Hora, Physics Reports, 172 (1989) 339.
[11] H. Hora et al, On Surface Tension in Plasmas, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sc.
PS-17, 284-289, 1989.
[12] N. G. Laud and W. J. Kohn, Phys. Rev, B1 (1970) 4555.
[13] B. Hahn, D.G. Ravenhall and R. Hofstadter, Phys. Rev., 101 (1956)
1131-1142.
[14] R. Hofstadter and H.R. Collard, Landolt-Bornstein, Zahlenwerte und
Funktionen, Herwig Schopper editorVol. 2 p. 21 (Sptringer Heidelberg
1967).
[1] R. Kippenhahn and A. Weigert, Stellar Structure and Evolution,
Springer, Heidelberg, 1990.
[2] H. Hora, Plasma Model for Surface Tension of Nuclei and the Phase
Transition to the Quark Plasma, Report CERN-PS/DL-Note-91/05,
August (1991)
[3] H. Hora, et al, High Power Laser Ablation, Proceeding of SPIE, Vol.
S448, 1190-1200, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2004.
[4] H. Hora, G.H. Miley and F. Osman, Astrophysics and Space Science,
298 (2005) 247-253.
[5] F. Osman, N. Ghahramany, and H. Hora, Laser and Particle Beams, 23
(2005) 461-466.
[6] H. Hora, Laser and Particle Beams, 24 (2006) 35-40.
[7] H. Hora, Phys. Fluids 12 (1969) 181.
[8] H. Hora, Plasmas at High Temperature and Density, Springer,
Heidelberg, 1991; H. Hora, Laser Plasma and the Nonlinearity Principle,
SPIE Press, Bellingham WA, 2000.
[9] S. Eliezer, A. J. Ghatak, H. Hora, and E. Teller, Fundamentals of
Equation of State, World Scientific, Singapore, 2002.
[10] H. Hora, P. Lalousis and S. Eliezer, Phys. Rev. Letters, 53 (1984)1650;
S. Eliezer and H. Hora, Physics Reports, 172 (1989) 339.
[11] H. Hora et al, On Surface Tension in Plasmas, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sc.
PS-17, 284-289, 1989.
[12] N. G. Laud and W. J. Kohn, Phys. Rev, B1 (1970) 4555.
[13] B. Hahn, D.G. Ravenhall and R. Hofstadter, Phys. Rev., 101 (1956)
1131-1142.
[14] R. Hofstadter and H.R. Collard, Landolt-Bornstein, Zahlenwerte und
Funktionen, Herwig Schopper editorVol. 2 p. 21 (Sptringer Heidelberg
1967).
@article{"International Journal of Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences:60546", author = "M. Ghanaatian and N. Ghahramany and A. Bazrafshan", title = "Debye Layer Confinement of Nucleons in Nuclei by Laser Ablated Plasma", abstract = "Following the laser ablation studies leading to a
theory of nuclei confinement by a Debye layer mechanism, we
present here numerical evaluations for the known stable nuclei where
the Coulomb repulsion is included as a rather minor component
especially for lager nuclei. In this research paper the required
physical conditions for the formation and stability of nuclei
particularly endothermic nuclei with mass number greater than to
which is an open astrophysical question have been investigated.
Using the Debye layer mechanism, nuclear surface energy, Fermi
energy and coulomb repulsion energy it is possible to find conditions
under which the process of nucleation is permitted in early universe.
Our numerical calculations indicate that about 200 second after the
big bang at temperature of about 100 KeV and subrelativistic region
with nucleon density nearly equal to normal nuclear density namely,
10cm all endothermic and exothermic nuclei have been
formed.", keywords = "Endothermic nuclear synthesis, Fermi energy,
Surface tension, Debye length.", volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "50-3", }