Inclusive Housing in Australia – A Voluntary Response
The lack of inclusive housing in Australia contributes
to the marginalization and exclusion of people with disability and
older people from family and community life. The Australian
government has handed over the responsibility of increasing the
supply of inclusive housing to the housing industry through an agreed
national access standard and a voluntary strategy. Voluntary
strategies have not been successful in other constituencies and little is
known about what would work in Australia today. Findings from a
research project into the voluntariness of the housing industry
indicate that a reliable and consistent supply is unlikely without an
equivalent increase in demand. The strategy has, however, an
important role to play in the task of changing housing industry
practices towards building more inclusive communities.
[1] Australian Government. Australia to 2050: Future challenges, Canberra:
Commonwealth of Australia, 2010.
[2] L. Saugeres, "(Un)accommodating disabilities: housing, marginalization
and dependency in Australia," Journal of Housing and the Built
Environment, Vol 26, No 1, pp. 1-15, 2010.
[3] Australian Government. A Stronger, Fairer Australia. 2010.
[4] Australian Government, 2010-2020 National Disability Strategy: An
initiative of the Council of Australian Governments. Commonwealth of
Australia: Canberra, 2011.
[5] People with Disability Australia. Terminology as used by PWD;
Available from: http://www.pwd.org.au/students/terminology.html. 2011
[6] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Disability, ageing and carers, Australia:
summary of findings, Austrailan Government, Canberra, 2010.
[7] Productivity Commission, Caring For older Australians: Productivity
Commission inquiry report, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra,
2011.
[8] Productivity Commission, Disability care and support: Productivity
Commission inquiry report. 2011, Commonwealth of Australia:
Canberra.
[9] National People with Disabilities and Carer Council, Shut out: the
experience of people with disabilities and their families in Australia,
Australian Government, Canberra, 2009.
[10] United Nations. Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and
optional protocol, 2007.
[11] Major Cities Unit, State of Australian cities, Commonwealth of
Australia, Canberra, 2011.
[12] Commonwealth of Australia, Disability Discrimination Act,: Canberra.
1992, p. 1.
[13] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Housing assistance in
Australia 2011, pp. 5-15, 2011.
[14] B. Judd, D. Olsberg, J. Quinn, and O. Demirbilek, Dwelling, land and
neighbourhood use by older home owners, AHURI Final Report No.
144. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, UNSW-UWS
Research Centre, Sydney, 2010, p. 4.
[15] A. Beer, and D. Faulkner, 21st century housing careers and Australia-s
housing future. AHURI Final Report No. 128, Australian Housing and
Urban Research Institute, Southern Research Centre, Hobart, 2009.
[16] A. Jones, D. de Jonge, and R. Phillips. The role of home maintenance
and modification services in achieving health, community care and
housing outcomes in later life, AHURI Final Report No. 123, Australian
Housing and Urban Research Institute, Queensland Research Centre,
Brisbane 2008.
[17] J. Bringolf, "Hope I die before I get old: the state of play for housing
liveability in Australia," in 5th State of Australian Cities Conference,
Australian Sustainable Cities and Regions Network, Melbourne, 2011.
[18] B. Judd, "Enclave or engage? Mixity and housing choices in an ageing
society," in 23rd Enhr Conference 2011, Toulouse, France, 2011.
[19] R.G. Golledge, "Special populations in contemporary urban regions, in
Our changing cities, J.F. Hart, Ed. Johns Hopkins University Press,
Baltimore, 1991.
[20] Australian Human Rights Commission, Guideline on the application of
the Access to Premises Standard, Australian Government: Sydney, 2011.
[21] Australian Building Codes Board, Building Code of Australia, SAI
Global, 2011.
[22] People with Disability Australia, Accommodating human rights: a
human rights perspecitve on housing, and housing and support for
persons with disability, 2010.
[23] Australian Network for Universal Housing Design, Strategic plan 2011 -
2013; Available from: http://www.anuhd.org/content/strategic-plan,
2011.
[24] Australian Human Rights Commission. Building access standards: an
investment in the future. Available from:
http://www.hreoc.gov.au/about/media/media_releases/2010/18_10.html,
2012.
[25] B. Shorten, Media Releases - National Dialogue Agrees to Improve
Accessible Housing Options, Available from:
http://www.billshorten.fahcsia.gov.au/mediareleases/2009/Pages/nat_dia
logue_improve_hsing_options_27oct2009.aspx, 2009.
[26] National Dialogue on Universal Housing Design. Strategic plan.
Available from:
http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/housing/pubs/housing/Documents/housing
_living_standards.pdf, 2010, p. 1.
[27] National Dialogue on Universal Housing Design, Livable housing design
guidelines, Available from:
http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/housing/pubs/housing/Documents/universa
l_housing_design.pdf, 2010.
[28] Building Commission Victoria, Welcome: design ideas for accessible
homes, Melbourne: Building Commission Victoria, 2002.
[29] Department of Public Works, Smart and sustainable homes design
objectives, Brisbane: Queensland Government, 2008.
[30] Australian Government, Design for life, Available from:
http://www.yourhome.gov.au/technical/index.html, 2008.
[31] E. Karol, "Inclusive design and the new home market: the West
Australian situation," Architectural Science Review, Vol. 51, Issue 1, p.
80-83, 2008.
[32] Government of South Australia, Housing strategy for South Australia:
green paper, Adelaide: Department for Families and Communities and
South Australia, 2011.
[33] Queensland Government, Absolutely everybody: enabling
Queenslanders with a disability: whole-of-government action plan 2011-
14, Brisbane: Queensland Government, 2011.
[34] R.P. Malloy, "Inclusion by design: accessible housing and mobility
impairment," Hastings Law Journal, Vol. 60, Issue 4, pp. 699-699,
2009.
[35] S. Smith, S. Rayer, and E. Smith, "Aging and disability: implications for
the housing industry and housing policy in the United States," Journal of
the American Planning Association, Vol. 74, Issue 3, pp. 289-306, 2008.
[36] V.C. Warnock and F. E. Warnock, "Markets and housing finance,"
Journal of Housing Economics, Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 239-251, 2008.
[37] U.S. Census Bureau, Americans with disabilities: 2005, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Ed. Washington DC: U.S. Census Bureau,
2008.
[38] J. Ozanne-Smith, J. Guy, M. Kelly and A. Clapperton, The relationship
between slips, trips and falls and the design and construction of
buildings, Melbourne: Monash University Accident Research Centre,
2008, unpublished.
[39] L. Chenoweth and D. Stehlik, "Implications of social capital for the
inclusion of people with disabilities and families in community life,"
International Journal of Inclusive Education, Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 59-72,
2004.
[40] P. Carnemolla and C. Bridge, Home Modifications and their impact on
waged care substitution, in Home Modification Information
Clearinghouse, Sydney: University of NSW, 2011, unpublished.
[41] C.M. Nishita, P.S Liebig, J. Pynoos, L. Perelman, and K. Spegal,
"Promoting basic accessibility in the home: Analyzing patterns in the
diffusion of visitability legislation," Journal of Disability Policy Studies,
Vol. 18, Issue 1, p. 2-13, 2007.
[42] R. Imrie, Accessible housing: quality, disability and design, London:
Routledge. 2006, p. 133.
[43] S. Kose, "How can the exploding senior population be accommodated?:
Japanese struggle towards inclusive design," Journal of Engineering
Design, Vol. 21, Issue 2, p. 165-171. 2010.
[44] L. Crabtree and D. Hes, "Sustainability uptake in housing in
metropolitan Australia: An institutional problem, not a technological
one," Housing Studies, Vol. 24, Issue 2, pp. 203-224, 2009.
[45] N. Spanbroek and E. Karol. "Ageing at home - are we prepared?" in The
2nd International Conference for Universal Design, Kyoto, Japan, 2006.
[46] Housing Industry Association, Accessibility in residential buildings:
policy statement on accessibility in residential buildings, available from:
http://hia.com.au/hia/content/Policy/region/National/classification/Buildi
ng%20Policy/article/IS/HP/Accessibility%20in%20Residentail%20Buil
dings.aspx, 2007.
[47] J. Bringolf, "Barriers to universal design in Australian housing," in
International Conference on best practices in universal design at
FICCDAT, Toronto, Canada, 2011.
[48] Housing Industry Association, Submission by the Housing Industry
Association to the housing and building policy, Department of Planning
and Community Development on the regulatory impact statement into
visitable and adaptable housing, available from
http://hia.com.au/media/~/media/Files/MediaMicrosite/Submissions/Visi
table%20and%20Adaptable%20Housing%20-%20Victoria.ashx, 2010.
[49] Victorian Government, Accessible Housing - public consultation on the
visitable and adaptable features in housing regulatory impact statement,
available from:
http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/DSE/nrenpl.nsf/LinkView/10E80E70836F36
FBCA2575DE001CFC9EB6D5337005FB3718CA2572CF007A0F0A,
2010.
[50] B. Gleeson, "Can technology overcome the disabling city?" in Mind and
body spaces: geographies of illness, impairment, and disability, R.
Butler and H. Parr, Eds. London: Routledge, p. 98-118, 1999.
[51] Center for Universal Design. Definition of Universal Design. Available
from:
http://www.ncsu.edu/www/ncsu/design/sod5/cud/about_ud/udprinciplest
ext.htm. 1997.
[52] H. Hahn, "Disability and the urban environment: a perspective on Los
Angeles," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, Vol. 4,
Issue 3, pp. 273-288, 1986.
[53] D. Leder, The Absent Body, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,
Chapter 1, 1990.
[54] J. Collier, "The Art of Moral Imagination: Ethics in the Practice of
Architecture," Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 66 Issues 2-3, pp. 307-
317. 2006.
[55] W. Wolfensberger, "A Brief Overview of Social Role Valorization,"
Mental Retardation, Vol. 38, Issue 2, pp. 105-123, 2000.
[56] W. Wolfensberger, "Social Role Valorization: A Proposed New Term
for the Principle of Normalization," Intellectual and Developmental
Disabilities, Vol. 49, Issue 6, pp. 435-440, 2011.
[57] N. Smith, "Design dilemma: driving a consumption obsessed society
into an unsustainable future," in First international conference on
engineering, designing and developing the built envorinment for
sustainable wellbeing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,
2011.
[58] T. Dalton, R. Wakefield, and R. Horne, Australian suburban house
building:industry organisation, practices and constraints, AHURI
Positioning Paper, no. 143, Australian Housing and Urban Research
Institute, RMIT Research Centre, Melbourne, 2011.
[59] I.M. Young, Responsibility for justice, New York: Oxford Universtiy
Press, 2011:
[60] B. Williams, "Voluntary acts and responsible agents," Oxford Journal of
Legal Studies, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 1-10, 1990.
[61] S. Olsaretti, "Freedom, force and choice: against the rights-based
definition of voluntariness," Journal of Political Philosophy, Vol. 6,
Issue 1, pp. 53-78, 1998.
[62] S. Olsaretti, "Debate: The Concept of Voluntariness: a reply," Journal of
Political Philosophy, Vol. 16, Issue 1, p. 112-121, 2008.
[63] B. Colburn, "Debate: The Concept of Voluntariness," Journal of
Political Philosophy, Vol. 16, Issue 1, pp. 101-111, 2008.
[64] T. Scanlon, What we owe each other, Cambridge Massachusetts: The
Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, pp. 248-294, 1998.
[65] P. Dahler-Larsen, "From Programme Theory to Constructivism: on
Tragic, Magic and Competing Programmes," Evaluation Vol. 7, Issue 3,
pp. 331-349, 2001.
[66] S.M. Lyman and M.B. Scott, A sociology of the absurd, New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970.
[67] T. Orbuch, "People's accounts count: the sociology of accounts," Annual
Review of Sociology, Vol. 23, Issue 1, pp. 455-478, 1997.
[68] Urban Land Development Authority, Accessible Housing: ULDA
guideline No 2 Brisbane: Urban Land Development Authority, 2011.
[69] M. Scotts, K. Saville-Smith, and B. James, International trends in
accessible housing for people with disabilities: working paper 2,
Wellington: Centre for Housing Research Aotearoa, 2007.
[70] E. Rothschild, Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand, The American
Economic Review, Vol. 84, Issue 2, pp. 319-322, 1994.
[71] R. Imrie, "Universalism, universal design and equitable access to the
built environment," Disability and Rehabilitation, pp. 1-10. 2011.
[72] J. Bringolf, "Universal design: is it accessible?" Multi - The Journal of
Diversity and Plurality in Design, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 45-52, 2008.
[1] Australian Government. Australia to 2050: Future challenges, Canberra:
Commonwealth of Australia, 2010.
[2] L. Saugeres, "(Un)accommodating disabilities: housing, marginalization
and dependency in Australia," Journal of Housing and the Built
Environment, Vol 26, No 1, pp. 1-15, 2010.
[3] Australian Government. A Stronger, Fairer Australia. 2010.
[4] Australian Government, 2010-2020 National Disability Strategy: An
initiative of the Council of Australian Governments. Commonwealth of
Australia: Canberra, 2011.
[5] People with Disability Australia. Terminology as used by PWD;
Available from: http://www.pwd.org.au/students/terminology.html. 2011
[6] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Disability, ageing and carers, Australia:
summary of findings, Austrailan Government, Canberra, 2010.
[7] Productivity Commission, Caring For older Australians: Productivity
Commission inquiry report, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra,
2011.
[8] Productivity Commission, Disability care and support: Productivity
Commission inquiry report. 2011, Commonwealth of Australia:
Canberra.
[9] National People with Disabilities and Carer Council, Shut out: the
experience of people with disabilities and their families in Australia,
Australian Government, Canberra, 2009.
[10] United Nations. Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and
optional protocol, 2007.
[11] Major Cities Unit, State of Australian cities, Commonwealth of
Australia, Canberra, 2011.
[12] Commonwealth of Australia, Disability Discrimination Act,: Canberra.
1992, p. 1.
[13] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Housing assistance in
Australia 2011, pp. 5-15, 2011.
[14] B. Judd, D. Olsberg, J. Quinn, and O. Demirbilek, Dwelling, land and
neighbourhood use by older home owners, AHURI Final Report No.
144. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, UNSW-UWS
Research Centre, Sydney, 2010, p. 4.
[15] A. Beer, and D. Faulkner, 21st century housing careers and Australia-s
housing future. AHURI Final Report No. 128, Australian Housing and
Urban Research Institute, Southern Research Centre, Hobart, 2009.
[16] A. Jones, D. de Jonge, and R. Phillips. The role of home maintenance
and modification services in achieving health, community care and
housing outcomes in later life, AHURI Final Report No. 123, Australian
Housing and Urban Research Institute, Queensland Research Centre,
Brisbane 2008.
[17] J. Bringolf, "Hope I die before I get old: the state of play for housing
liveability in Australia," in 5th State of Australian Cities Conference,
Australian Sustainable Cities and Regions Network, Melbourne, 2011.
[18] B. Judd, "Enclave or engage? Mixity and housing choices in an ageing
society," in 23rd Enhr Conference 2011, Toulouse, France, 2011.
[19] R.G. Golledge, "Special populations in contemporary urban regions, in
Our changing cities, J.F. Hart, Ed. Johns Hopkins University Press,
Baltimore, 1991.
[20] Australian Human Rights Commission, Guideline on the application of
the Access to Premises Standard, Australian Government: Sydney, 2011.
[21] Australian Building Codes Board, Building Code of Australia, SAI
Global, 2011.
[22] People with Disability Australia, Accommodating human rights: a
human rights perspecitve on housing, and housing and support for
persons with disability, 2010.
[23] Australian Network for Universal Housing Design, Strategic plan 2011 -
2013; Available from: http://www.anuhd.org/content/strategic-plan,
2011.
[24] Australian Human Rights Commission. Building access standards: an
investment in the future. Available from:
http://www.hreoc.gov.au/about/media/media_releases/2010/18_10.html,
2012.
[25] B. Shorten, Media Releases - National Dialogue Agrees to Improve
Accessible Housing Options, Available from:
http://www.billshorten.fahcsia.gov.au/mediareleases/2009/Pages/nat_dia
logue_improve_hsing_options_27oct2009.aspx, 2009.
[26] National Dialogue on Universal Housing Design. Strategic plan.
Available from:
http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/housing/pubs/housing/Documents/housing
_living_standards.pdf, 2010, p. 1.
[27] National Dialogue on Universal Housing Design, Livable housing design
guidelines, Available from:
http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/housing/pubs/housing/Documents/universa
l_housing_design.pdf, 2010.
[28] Building Commission Victoria, Welcome: design ideas for accessible
homes, Melbourne: Building Commission Victoria, 2002.
[29] Department of Public Works, Smart and sustainable homes design
objectives, Brisbane: Queensland Government, 2008.
[30] Australian Government, Design for life, Available from:
http://www.yourhome.gov.au/technical/index.html, 2008.
[31] E. Karol, "Inclusive design and the new home market: the West
Australian situation," Architectural Science Review, Vol. 51, Issue 1, p.
80-83, 2008.
[32] Government of South Australia, Housing strategy for South Australia:
green paper, Adelaide: Department for Families and Communities and
South Australia, 2011.
[33] Queensland Government, Absolutely everybody: enabling
Queenslanders with a disability: whole-of-government action plan 2011-
14, Brisbane: Queensland Government, 2011.
[34] R.P. Malloy, "Inclusion by design: accessible housing and mobility
impairment," Hastings Law Journal, Vol. 60, Issue 4, pp. 699-699,
2009.
[35] S. Smith, S. Rayer, and E. Smith, "Aging and disability: implications for
the housing industry and housing policy in the United States," Journal of
the American Planning Association, Vol. 74, Issue 3, pp. 289-306, 2008.
[36] V.C. Warnock and F. E. Warnock, "Markets and housing finance,"
Journal of Housing Economics, Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 239-251, 2008.
[37] U.S. Census Bureau, Americans with disabilities: 2005, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Ed. Washington DC: U.S. Census Bureau,
2008.
[38] J. Ozanne-Smith, J. Guy, M. Kelly and A. Clapperton, The relationship
between slips, trips and falls and the design and construction of
buildings, Melbourne: Monash University Accident Research Centre,
2008, unpublished.
[39] L. Chenoweth and D. Stehlik, "Implications of social capital for the
inclusion of people with disabilities and families in community life,"
International Journal of Inclusive Education, Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 59-72,
2004.
[40] P. Carnemolla and C. Bridge, Home Modifications and their impact on
waged care substitution, in Home Modification Information
Clearinghouse, Sydney: University of NSW, 2011, unpublished.
[41] C.M. Nishita, P.S Liebig, J. Pynoos, L. Perelman, and K. Spegal,
"Promoting basic accessibility in the home: Analyzing patterns in the
diffusion of visitability legislation," Journal of Disability Policy Studies,
Vol. 18, Issue 1, p. 2-13, 2007.
[42] R. Imrie, Accessible housing: quality, disability and design, London:
Routledge. 2006, p. 133.
[43] S. Kose, "How can the exploding senior population be accommodated?:
Japanese struggle towards inclusive design," Journal of Engineering
Design, Vol. 21, Issue 2, p. 165-171. 2010.
[44] L. Crabtree and D. Hes, "Sustainability uptake in housing in
metropolitan Australia: An institutional problem, not a technological
one," Housing Studies, Vol. 24, Issue 2, pp. 203-224, 2009.
[45] N. Spanbroek and E. Karol. "Ageing at home - are we prepared?" in The
2nd International Conference for Universal Design, Kyoto, Japan, 2006.
[46] Housing Industry Association, Accessibility in residential buildings:
policy statement on accessibility in residential buildings, available from:
http://hia.com.au/hia/content/Policy/region/National/classification/Buildi
ng%20Policy/article/IS/HP/Accessibility%20in%20Residentail%20Buil
dings.aspx, 2007.
[47] J. Bringolf, "Barriers to universal design in Australian housing," in
International Conference on best practices in universal design at
FICCDAT, Toronto, Canada, 2011.
[48] Housing Industry Association, Submission by the Housing Industry
Association to the housing and building policy, Department of Planning
and Community Development on the regulatory impact statement into
visitable and adaptable housing, available from
http://hia.com.au/media/~/media/Files/MediaMicrosite/Submissions/Visi
table%20and%20Adaptable%20Housing%20-%20Victoria.ashx, 2010.
[49] Victorian Government, Accessible Housing - public consultation on the
visitable and adaptable features in housing regulatory impact statement,
available from:
http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/DSE/nrenpl.nsf/LinkView/10E80E70836F36
FBCA2575DE001CFC9EB6D5337005FB3718CA2572CF007A0F0A,
2010.
[50] B. Gleeson, "Can technology overcome the disabling city?" in Mind and
body spaces: geographies of illness, impairment, and disability, R.
Butler and H. Parr, Eds. London: Routledge, p. 98-118, 1999.
[51] Center for Universal Design. Definition of Universal Design. Available
from:
http://www.ncsu.edu/www/ncsu/design/sod5/cud/about_ud/udprinciplest
ext.htm. 1997.
[52] H. Hahn, "Disability and the urban environment: a perspective on Los
Angeles," Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, Vol. 4,
Issue 3, pp. 273-288, 1986.
[53] D. Leder, The Absent Body, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,
Chapter 1, 1990.
[54] J. Collier, "The Art of Moral Imagination: Ethics in the Practice of
Architecture," Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 66 Issues 2-3, pp. 307-
317. 2006.
[55] W. Wolfensberger, "A Brief Overview of Social Role Valorization,"
Mental Retardation, Vol. 38, Issue 2, pp. 105-123, 2000.
[56] W. Wolfensberger, "Social Role Valorization: A Proposed New Term
for the Principle of Normalization," Intellectual and Developmental
Disabilities, Vol. 49, Issue 6, pp. 435-440, 2011.
[57] N. Smith, "Design dilemma: driving a consumption obsessed society
into an unsustainable future," in First international conference on
engineering, designing and developing the built envorinment for
sustainable wellbeing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,
2011.
[58] T. Dalton, R. Wakefield, and R. Horne, Australian suburban house
building:industry organisation, practices and constraints, AHURI
Positioning Paper, no. 143, Australian Housing and Urban Research
Institute, RMIT Research Centre, Melbourne, 2011.
[59] I.M. Young, Responsibility for justice, New York: Oxford Universtiy
Press, 2011:
[60] B. Williams, "Voluntary acts and responsible agents," Oxford Journal of
Legal Studies, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 1-10, 1990.
[61] S. Olsaretti, "Freedom, force and choice: against the rights-based
definition of voluntariness," Journal of Political Philosophy, Vol. 6,
Issue 1, pp. 53-78, 1998.
[62] S. Olsaretti, "Debate: The Concept of Voluntariness: a reply," Journal of
Political Philosophy, Vol. 16, Issue 1, p. 112-121, 2008.
[63] B. Colburn, "Debate: The Concept of Voluntariness," Journal of
Political Philosophy, Vol. 16, Issue 1, pp. 101-111, 2008.
[64] T. Scanlon, What we owe each other, Cambridge Massachusetts: The
Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, pp. 248-294, 1998.
[65] P. Dahler-Larsen, "From Programme Theory to Constructivism: on
Tragic, Magic and Competing Programmes," Evaluation Vol. 7, Issue 3,
pp. 331-349, 2001.
[66] S.M. Lyman and M.B. Scott, A sociology of the absurd, New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970.
[67] T. Orbuch, "People's accounts count: the sociology of accounts," Annual
Review of Sociology, Vol. 23, Issue 1, pp. 455-478, 1997.
[68] Urban Land Development Authority, Accessible Housing: ULDA
guideline No 2 Brisbane: Urban Land Development Authority, 2011.
[69] M. Scotts, K. Saville-Smith, and B. James, International trends in
accessible housing for people with disabilities: working paper 2,
Wellington: Centre for Housing Research Aotearoa, 2007.
[70] E. Rothschild, Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand, The American
Economic Review, Vol. 84, Issue 2, pp. 319-322, 1994.
[71] R. Imrie, "Universalism, universal design and equitable access to the
built environment," Disability and Rehabilitation, pp. 1-10. 2011.
[72] J. Bringolf, "Universal design: is it accessible?" Multi - The Journal of
Diversity and Plurality in Design, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 45-52, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:53095", author = "M. Ward and J. Franz and B. Adkins", title = "Inclusive Housing in Australia – A Voluntary Response", abstract = "The lack of inclusive housing in Australia contributes
to the marginalization and exclusion of people with disability and
older people from family and community life. The Australian
government has handed over the responsibility of increasing the
supply of inclusive housing to the housing industry through an agreed
national access standard and a voluntary strategy. Voluntary
strategies have not been successful in other constituencies and little is
known about what would work in Australia today. Findings from a
research project into the voluntariness of the housing industry
indicate that a reliable and consistent supply is unlikely without an
equivalent increase in demand. The strategy has, however, an
important role to play in the task of changing housing industry
practices towards building more inclusive communities.", keywords = "Australia, housing, inclusion, voluntary, industry", volume = "6", number = "7", pages = "1754-8", }
