Efficiency Enhancement of PWM Controlled Water Electrolysis Cells
By analyzing the sources of energy and power
loss in PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controlled drivers of
water electrolysis cells, it is possible to reduce the power
dissipation and enhance the efficiency of such hydrogen
production units. A PWM controlled power driver is based on
a semiconductor switching element where its power
dissipation might be a remarkable fraction of the total power
demand of an electrolysis system. Power dissipation in a
semiconductor switching element is related to many different
parameters which could be fitted into two main categories:
switching losses and conduction losses. Conduction losses are
directly related to the built, structure and capabilities of a
switching device itself and indeed the conditions in which the
element is handling the switching application such as voltage,
current, temperature and of course the fabrication technology.
On the other hand, switching losses have some other
influencing variables other than the mentioned such as control
system, switching method and power electronics circuitry of
the PWM power driver. By analyzings the characteristics of
recently developed power switching transistors from different
families of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT), Metal Oxide
Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET) and
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT), some
recommendations are made in this paper which are able to
lead to achieve higher hydrogen production efficiency by
utilizing PWM controlled water electrolysis cells.
[1] C. P. Henze, H. C. Martin and D. W. Parsley, "Zero-voltage switching in
high frequency power converters using pulse width modulation," in
Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1988. APEC '88.
Conference Proceedings 1988., Third Annual IEEE, 1988, pp. 33-40.
[2] H. S. H. Chung, Wai-leung Cheung and Kam-shing Tang, "A ZCS
bidirectional flyback converter," in Power Electronics Specialists
Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual, 2004, pp. 1506-
1512 Vol.2.
[3] S. H. Hosseini, M. Sabahi and A. Y. Goharrizi, "An improved topology
of electronic ballast with wide dimming range, PFC and low switching
losses using PWM-controlled soft-switching inverter," Electr. Power
Syst. Res., vol. 78, pp. 975-984, 6, 2008.
[4] J. Ivy, "Summary of electrolytic hydrogen production: Milestone
completion report, NREL/MP-560-36734," National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, USA, Tech. Rep. NREL/MP-560-36734, Sep 2004.
[5] M. G. Simoes, "Power bipolar transistors," in Power Electronics
Handbook (Second Edition), Muhammad H. Rashid, Ph.D., Fellow IEE
and Fellow IEEE, Eds. Burlington: Academic Press, 2007, pp. 27-39.
[6] S. Abedinpour and K. Shenai, "Insulated gate bipolar transistor," in
Power Electronics Handbook (Second Edition), Muhammad H. Rashid,
Ph.D., Fellow IEE and Fellow IEEE, Eds. Burlington: Academic Press,
2007, pp. 71-88.
[7] I. Batarseh, "The power MOSFET," in Power Electronics Handbook
(Second Edition), Muhammad H. Rashid, Ph.D., Fellow IEE and Fellow
IEEE, Eds. Burlington: Academic Press, 2007, pp. 41-69.
[8] J. Millman and A. Grabel, Microelectronics. Mc Graw Hill, 1988.
[9] A. I. '. 'Pressman, K. H. '. 'Billings and T. '. 'Morey, Switching Power
Supply Design. USA: Mc Graw Hill, 2009.
[10] J. '. 'Takesuye And S. '. 'Deuty, "Introduction To Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistors,"
[11] St Microelectronics. St Microelectronics Product Selector. 2010.
[12] K. Zeng And D. Zhang, "Recent Progress In Alkaline Water Electrolysis
For Hydrogen Production And Applications," Progress In Energy And
Combustion Science, Vol. 36, Pp. 307-326, 6, 2010.
[13] F. N. Lin, W. I. Moore And S. W. Walker, "Economics Of Liquid
Hydrogen From Water Electrolysis," Int J Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 10,
Pp. 811-815, 1985.
[14] Billings K.H, Switchmode Power Supply Hanndbook. Usa: Mc Graw
Hill, 1989.
[15] S. Y. (. Hui And H. S. H. Chung, "Resonant And Soft-Switching
Converters," In Power Electronics Handbook (Second Edition),
Muhammad H. Rashid, Ph.D., Fellow Iee And Fellow Ieee, Eds.
Burlington: Academic Press, 2007, Pp. 405-449.
[16] K. C. Wu, Switch-Mode Power Converters Design And Analysis.
Oxford: Academic Press, 2006.
[17] E. Adib And H. Farzanehfard, "Soft Switching Bidirectional Dc-Dc
Converter For Ultracapacitor-Batteries Interface," Energy Conversion
And Management, Vol. 50, Pp. 2879-2884, 12, 2009.
[18] W. A. Tabisz And F. C. Lee, "Zero-Voltage-Switching Multi-Resonant
Technique-A Novel Approach To Improve Performance Of High
Frequency Quasi-Resonant Converters," In Power Specialists
Conference, 1988. Pesc '88 Record., 19th Annual Ieee, 1988, Pp. 9-17
Vol.1.
[19] N. Genc And I. Iskender, "An Improved Soft Switched Pwm Interleaved
Boost Ac-Dc Converter," Energy Conversion And Management, Vol.
52, Pp. 403-413, 1, 2011.
[1] C. P. Henze, H. C. Martin and D. W. Parsley, "Zero-voltage switching in
high frequency power converters using pulse width modulation," in
Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1988. APEC '88.
Conference Proceedings 1988., Third Annual IEEE, 1988, pp. 33-40.
[2] H. S. H. Chung, Wai-leung Cheung and Kam-shing Tang, "A ZCS
bidirectional flyback converter," in Power Electronics Specialists
Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual, 2004, pp. 1506-
1512 Vol.2.
[3] S. H. Hosseini, M. Sabahi and A. Y. Goharrizi, "An improved topology
of electronic ballast with wide dimming range, PFC and low switching
losses using PWM-controlled soft-switching inverter," Electr. Power
Syst. Res., vol. 78, pp. 975-984, 6, 2008.
[4] J. Ivy, "Summary of electrolytic hydrogen production: Milestone
completion report, NREL/MP-560-36734," National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, USA, Tech. Rep. NREL/MP-560-36734, Sep 2004.
[5] M. G. Simoes, "Power bipolar transistors," in Power Electronics
Handbook (Second Edition), Muhammad H. Rashid, Ph.D., Fellow IEE
and Fellow IEEE, Eds. Burlington: Academic Press, 2007, pp. 27-39.
[6] S. Abedinpour and K. Shenai, "Insulated gate bipolar transistor," in
Power Electronics Handbook (Second Edition), Muhammad H. Rashid,
Ph.D., Fellow IEE and Fellow IEEE, Eds. Burlington: Academic Press,
2007, pp. 71-88.
[7] I. Batarseh, "The power MOSFET," in Power Electronics Handbook
(Second Edition), Muhammad H. Rashid, Ph.D., Fellow IEE and Fellow
IEEE, Eds. Burlington: Academic Press, 2007, pp. 41-69.
[8] J. Millman and A. Grabel, Microelectronics. Mc Graw Hill, 1988.
[9] A. I. '. 'Pressman, K. H. '. 'Billings and T. '. 'Morey, Switching Power
Supply Design. USA: Mc Graw Hill, 2009.
[10] J. '. 'Takesuye And S. '. 'Deuty, "Introduction To Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistors,"
[11] St Microelectronics. St Microelectronics Product Selector. 2010.
[12] K. Zeng And D. Zhang, "Recent Progress In Alkaline Water Electrolysis
For Hydrogen Production And Applications," Progress In Energy And
Combustion Science, Vol. 36, Pp. 307-326, 6, 2010.
[13] F. N. Lin, W. I. Moore And S. W. Walker, "Economics Of Liquid
Hydrogen From Water Electrolysis," Int J Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 10,
Pp. 811-815, 1985.
[14] Billings K.H, Switchmode Power Supply Hanndbook. Usa: Mc Graw
Hill, 1989.
[15] S. Y. (. Hui And H. S. H. Chung, "Resonant And Soft-Switching
Converters," In Power Electronics Handbook (Second Edition),
Muhammad H. Rashid, Ph.D., Fellow Iee And Fellow Ieee, Eds.
Burlington: Academic Press, 2007, Pp. 405-449.
[16] K. C. Wu, Switch-Mode Power Converters Design And Analysis.
Oxford: Academic Press, 2006.
[17] E. Adib And H. Farzanehfard, "Soft Switching Bidirectional Dc-Dc
Converter For Ultracapacitor-Batteries Interface," Energy Conversion
And Management, Vol. 50, Pp. 2879-2884, 12, 2009.
[18] W. A. Tabisz And F. C. Lee, "Zero-Voltage-Switching Multi-Resonant
Technique-A Novel Approach To Improve Performance Of High
Frequency Quasi-Resonant Converters," In Power Specialists
Conference, 1988. Pesc '88 Record., 19th Annual Ieee, 1988, Pp. 9-17
Vol.1.
[19] N. Genc And I. Iskender, "An Improved Soft Switched Pwm Interleaved
Boost Ac-Dc Converter," Energy Conversion And Management, Vol.
52, Pp. 403-413, 1, 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:50210", author = "S.K. Mazloomi and Nasri b. Sulaiman", title = "Efficiency Enhancement of PWM Controlled Water Electrolysis Cells", abstract = "By analyzing the sources of energy and power
loss in PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controlled drivers of
water electrolysis cells, it is possible to reduce the power
dissipation and enhance the efficiency of such hydrogen
production units. A PWM controlled power driver is based on
a semiconductor switching element where its power
dissipation might be a remarkable fraction of the total power
demand of an electrolysis system. Power dissipation in a
semiconductor switching element is related to many different
parameters which could be fitted into two main categories:
switching losses and conduction losses. Conduction losses are
directly related to the built, structure and capabilities of a
switching device itself and indeed the conditions in which the
element is handling the switching application such as voltage,
current, temperature and of course the fabrication technology.
On the other hand, switching losses have some other
influencing variables other than the mentioned such as control
system, switching method and power electronics circuitry of
the PWM power driver. By analyzings the characteristics of
recently developed power switching transistors from different
families of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT), Metal Oxide
Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET) and
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT), some
recommendations are made in this paper which are able to
lead to achieve higher hydrogen production efficiency by
utilizing PWM controlled water electrolysis cells.", keywords = "Power switch, PWM, Semiconductor switch, Waterelectrolysis", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "130-5", }