Abstract: The daily increase of organic waste materials resulting
from different activities in the country is one of the main factors for
the pollution of environment. Today, with regard to the low level of
the output of using traditional methods, the high cost of disposal
waste materials and environmental pollutions, the use of modern
methods such as anaerobic digestion for the production of biogas has
been prevailing. The collected biogas from the process of anaerobic
digestion, as a renewable energy source similar to natural gas but
with a less methane and heating value is usable. Today, with the help
of technologies of filtration and proper preparation, access to biogas
with features fully similar to natural gas has become possible. At
present biogas is one of the main sources of supplying electrical and
thermal energy and also an appropriate option to be used in four
stroke engine, diesel engine, sterling engine, gas turbine, gas micro
turbine and fuel cell to produce electricity. The use of biogas for
different reasons which returns to socio-economic and environmental
advantages has been noticed in CHP for the production of energy in
the world. The production of biogas from the technology of anaerobic
digestion and its application in CHP power plants in Iran can not only
supply part of the energy demands in the country, but it can
materialize moving in line with the sustainable development. In this
article, the necessity of the development of CHP plants with biogas
fuels in the country will be dealt based on studies performed from the
economic, environmental and social aspects. Also to prove the
importance of the establishment of these kinds of power plants from
the economic point of view, necessary calculations has been done as
a case study for a CHP power plant with a biogas fuel.
Abstract: The strawberry jam is rich in bioactive compounds. It
is economically and commercially important and widely consumed.
Different strawberries cultivars can be used for its preparation,
however, a careful selection should be performed to guarantee the
preservation of bioactive compounds during jam storage. Two
strawberry cultivars (Camarosa and American 13) were analyzed by
HPLC, three anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-
glucoside and pelargonidin-3-rutinoside were quantified. Camarosa
strawberries presented significantly higher concentration of
anthocyanins (p
Abstract: In article the data of chronic toxicity for pre-clinical
researches of Ramon preparation is described. Ramon effects to
hormone system and gastrointestinal tract; local irritative effect,
allergic, pyrogenic properties and reaction to the immune system
were studied.
Abstract: Cast metal inlays can be used on molars requiring a
class II restoration instead amalgam and offer a durable alternative.
Because it is known that class II inlays may increase the
susceptibility to fracture, it is important to ensure optimal
performance in selection of the adequate preparation design to reduce
stresses in teeth structures and also in the restorations. The aim of the
study was to investigate the influence of preparation design on stress
distribution in molars with different class II preparations and in cast
metal inlays. The first step of the study was to achieve 3D models in
order to analyze teeth and cast metal class II inlays. The geometry of
the intact tooth was obtained by 3D scanning using a manufactured
device. With a NURBS modeling program the preparations and the
appropriately inlays were designed. 3D models of first upper molars
of the same shape and size were created. Inlay cavities designs were
created using literature data. The geometrical model was exported
and the mesh structure of the solid 3D model was created for
structural simulations. Stresses were located around the occlusal
contact areas. For the studied cases, the stress values were not
significant influenced by the taper of the preparation. it was
demonstrated stresses are higher in the cast metal restorations and
therefore the strength of the teeth is not affected.
Abstract: In article the data of acute toxicity for pre-clinical
researches of Ramon preparation is described. Ramon effects to
clinical characteristics of blood, cardio-vascular system, hepatotoxic
and diuretic effects were studied.
Abstract: Tritium activity concentration in Danube river water
in Serbia has been determinate using a liquid scintillation counter
Quantulus 1220. During December 2010, water samples were taken
along the entire course of Danube through Serbia, from Hungarian-
Serbian to Romanian-Serbian border. This investigation is very
important because of the nearness of nuclear reactor Paks in
Hungary. Sample preparation was performed by standard test method
using Optiphase HiSafe 3 scintillation cocktail. We used a rapid
method for the preparation of environmental samples, without
electrolytic enrichment.
Abstract: 15 strains of oil-destructing microorganisms were
isolated from oil polluted soil of Western Kazakhstan. Strains 2-A
and 41-3 with the highest oil-destructing activities were chosen from
them. It was shown that these strains oxidized n-alkanes very well,
but isoalkanes, isoparaffin, cycloparaffin and heavy aromatic
compounds were destructed very slowly. These both strains were
tested as preparations for bioremediation of oil-polluted soil in model
and field experiments. The degree of utilizing of soil oil by this
preparation was 79-84 % in field experiments.
Abstract: In the meat processing industry the substitution of
meat with non-meat ingredients is considered an important strategy
for reducing overall production costs. The main purpose of the
current research was to evaluate differences in physical-chemical
composition of cooked sausage with different legumes additions.
Peas (Pisum sativum), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and lentil (Lens
culinaris) were used in preparation of sausages. The legumes at
proportion of 20% of the total weight of meat were added in
sausages. The whole ingredients were mixed, filled into casing,
compressed, cooked and cooled. After storage the samples were
sensory evaluated. The sensory evaluation was carried out using the
nine point hedonic scale and line scale. Sausages without legumes
flour was used as control sample. The main conclusion of the current
research the legumes flour can be successfully used for cooked
sausages production.
Abstract: Two commercial proteases from Bacillus
licheniformis (Alcalase 2.4 L FG and Alcalase 2.5 L, Type DX) were
screened for the production of Z-Ala-Phe-NH2 in batch reaction.
Alcalase 2.4 L FG was the most efficient enzyme for the C-terminal
amidation of Z-Ala-Phe-OMe using ammonium carbamate as
ammonium source. Immobilization of protease has been achieved by
the sol-gel method, using dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMOS) and
tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) as precursors (unpublished results). In
batch production, about 95% of Z-Ala-Phe-NH2 was obtained at
30°C after 24 hours of incubation. Reproducibility of different
batches of commercial Alcalase 2.4 L FG preparations was also
investigated by evaluating the amidation activity and the entrapment
yields in the case of immobilization. A packed-bed reactor (0.68 cm
ID, 15.0 cm long) was operated successfully for the continuous
synthesis of peptide amides. The immobilized enzyme retained the
initial activity over 10 cycles of repeated use in continuous reactor at
ambient temperature. At 0.75 mL/min flow rate of the substrate
mixture, the total conversion of Z-Ala-Phe-OMe was achieved after 5
hours of substrate recycling. The product contained about 90%
peptide amide and 10% hydrolysis byproduct.
Abstract: Glutathione S-transferase was purified from human
erythrocytes and effects of some polyphenols were investigated on
the enzyme activity. The purification procedure was performed on
Glutathione-Agarose affinity chromatography after preparation of
erythrocytes hemolysate with a yield of 81%. The purified enzyme
showed a single band on the SDS-PAGE. The effects of some
poliphenolic compounds such as catechin, dopa, dopamine, progallol
and catechol were examined on the in vitro GST activity. Catechin
was determined to be inhibitor for the enzyme, but others were not
effective on the enzyme as inhibitors or activators. IC50 value -the
concentration of inhibitor which reduces enzyme activity by 50%-
was estimated to be 10 mM. Ki constants were also calculated as 6.38
± 0,70 mM with GSH substrate, and 3.86 ± 0,78 mM with CDNB
substrate using the equations of graphs for the inhibitor, and its
inhibition type was determined as non-competitive.
Abstract: Low oxygen content vanadium powder was
prepared by hydrogenation dehydrogenization (HDH). The
effect of purification treatment on hydrogen absorption kinetics
of dendritic vanadium was tested, and the effects of milling
technique on powder yield and grain size were studied. The
crystal phase, oxygen and nitrgen content, and grain size of
prepared powder were characterized and analyzed by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), oxygen and nitrogen analyzer and grain size
analyzer. The results show that the alkaline cleaning can
improve the hydrogen absorption of vanadium. The yield of
vanadium hydride powder can reach as high as 90% by 4h
ball-milling, The resultant product also have an oxygen content
less than 600μg/g, and the grain size is smaller than 37μm.
Meanwhile, the XRD results show that the phase of hydride
vanadium powder is mainly VH0.81. After a hydrogen
desorption treatment in vacuum at 700Ôäâ, the phase of the
powder converts into V and a little of V2H.
Abstract: The 15-a-side Fiji rugby team trains well in preparations for any rugby competition but rarely performs to expectations. In order to help the Fiji local based rugby players to identify some key basic areas in improving their performance, a series of workshops were conducted to assess their nutritional status and dietary habits in relation to energy demand during rugby matches. The nutrition workshop included the administration of questionnaires to 19 local based rugby players, requesting the following information: usual food intakes, training camp food intakes, carbohydrate loading, pre-game meals and post-game meals. The study revealed that poor eating habits of the players resulted in the low carbohydrate intake, which may have contributed to increase levels of fatigue leading to loss of stamina even before the second half of the game. It appears that the diet of most 15-a-side players does not provide enough energy to enable them to last the full eightyminutes of the game.
Abstract: Master plan is a tool to guide and manage the growth of cities in a planned manner. The soul of a master plan lies in its implementation framework. If not implemented, people are trapped in a mess of urban problems and laissez-faire development having serious long term repercussions. Unfortunately, Master Plans prepared for several major cities of Pakistan could not be fully implemented due to host of reasons and Lahore is no exception. Being the second largest city of Pakistan with a population of over 7 million people, Lahore holds the distinction that the first ever Master Plan in the country was prepared for this city in 1966. Recently in 2004, a new plan titled `Integrated Master Plan for Lahore-2021- has been approved for implementation. This paper provides a comprehensive account of the weaknesses and constraints in the plan preparation process and implementation strategies of Master Plans prepared for Lahore. It also critically reviews the new Master Plan particularly with respect to the proposed implementation framework. The paper discusses the prospects and pre-conditions for successful implementation of the new Plan in the light of historic analysis, interviews with stakeholders and the new institutional context under the devolution plan.
Abstract: An influence of intranasal combined injection of live
cold-adapted influenza vaccine with chitosan derivatives as adjuvants
on the subpopulation structure of mononuclear leukocytes of mouse
spleen which reflects the orientation of the immune response was
studied. It is found that the inclusion of chitosan preparations
promotes activation of cellular-level of immune response.
Abstract: The antioxidant compounds are needed for the food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals industry. For this purpose, an appropriate method is required to measure the antioxidant properties in various types of samples. Spectrophotometric method usually used has some weaknesses, including the high price, long sample preparation time, and less sensitivity. Among the alternative methods developed to overcome these weaknesses is antioxidant biosensor based on superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. Therefore, this study was carried out to measure the SOD activity originating from Deinococcus radiodurans and to determine its kinetics properties. Carbon paste electrode modified with ferrocene and immobilized SOD exhibited anode and cathode current peak at potential of +400 and +300mv respectively, in both pure SOD and SOD of D. radiodurans. This indicated that the current generated was from superoxide catalytic dismutation reaction by SOD. Optimum conditions for SOD activity was at pH 9 and temperature of 27.50C for D. radiodurans SOD, and pH 11 and temperature of 200C for pure SOD. Dismutation reaction kinetics of superoxide catalyzed by SOD followed the Lineweaver-Burk kinetics with D. radiodurans SOD KMapp value was smaller than pure SOD. The result showed that D. radiodurans SOD had higher enzyme-substrate affinity and specificity than pure SOD. It concluded that D. radiodurans SOD had a great potential as biological recognition component for antioxidant biosensor.
Abstract: In this article has been analyzed Kazakhstani
experience in organizing the system after the institute of higher education, legislative-regulative assurance of master preparation, and
statistic data in the republic. Have been the features of projecting the master programs, a condition of realization of studying credit system, have been analyzed the technologies of research teaching masters. In
conclusion have been given some recommendation on creating personal-oriented environment of research teaching masters.
Abstract: The given work is devoted to the description of
Information Technologies NAS of Azerbaijan created and
successfully maintained in Institute. On the basis of the decision of
board of the Supreme Certifying commission at the President of the
Azerbaijan Republic and Presidium of National Academy of
Sciences of the Azerbaijan Republic, the organization of training
courses on Computer Sciences for all post-graduate students and
dissertators of the republic, taking of examinations of candidate
minima, it was on-line entrusted to Institute of Information
Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan.
Therefore, teaching the computer sciences to post-graduate
students and dissertators a scientific - methodological manual on
effective application of new information technologies for research
works by post-graduate students and dissertators and taking of
candidate minima is carried out in the Educational Center.
Information and communication technologies offer new
opportunities and prospects of their application for teaching and
training. The new level of literacy demands creation of essentially
new technology of obtaining of scientific knowledge. Methods of
training and development, social and professional requirements,
globalization of the communicative economic and political projects
connected with construction of a new society, depends on a level of
application of information and communication technologies in the
educational process. Computer technologies develop ideas of
programmed training, open completely new, not investigated
technological ways of training connected to unique opportunities of
modern computers and telecommunications. Computer technologies
of training are processes of preparation and transfer of the
information to the trainee by means of computer. Scientific and
technical progress as well as global spread of the technologies
created in the most developed countries of the world is the main
proof of the leading role of education in XXI century. Information
society needs individuals having modern knowledge. In practice, all
technologies, using special technical information means (computer,
audio, video) are called information technologies of education.
Abstract: The field of polymeric biomaterials is very important
from the socio-economical viewpoint. Synthetic carbohydrate
polymers are being increasingly investigated as biodegradable,
biocompatible and biorenewable materials. The aim of this study was
to synthesize and characterize some derivatives based on D-mannose.
D-mannose was chemically modified to obtain 1-O-allyl-2,3:5,6-di-
O-isopropylidene-D-mannofuranose and 1-O-(2-,3--epoxy-propyl)-
2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannofuranose.
The chemical structure of the resulting compounds was
characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, and by HPLC-MS.
Abstract: Solidarity and kinship has long been an intangible
emblem to Malay community especially in the rural area. It is visibly
seen through the dependability among each unit of the community
either in religious and social events including the matrimonial or
wedding. Nevertheless, the inevitable phenomenon, modernization
legitimately alters every facets of human life not only the routines,
traditions, rituals, norms but also to the daily activities and the
specific occasion. Using triangulation approach of interview and self
completed questionnaire this study empirically examine the level of
alteration of Malays wedding foodways which relate to the
preparation and consumption of it and its impact on the community
social bonding. Some meaningful insights were obtained whereby
modernization through technology (modern equipments) and social
factors (education, migration, and high disposal income) significantly
contribute to the alteration of wedding foodways from preparation up
to consumption stages. The domino effect of this alteration
consequently leads to the fragility of social kinship or somehow
reduced cohesiveness and interaction among the individual of Malay
society in the rural area.
Abstract: The inherent flexibilities of XML in both structure
and semantics makes mining from XML data a complex task with
more challenges compared to traditional association rule mining in
relational databases. In this paper, we propose a new model for the
effective extraction of generalized association rules form a XML
document collection. We directly use frequent subtree mining
techniques in the discovery process and do not ignore the tree
structure of data in the final rules. The frequent subtrees based on the
user provided support are split to complement subtrees to form the
rules. We explain our model within multi-steps from data preparation
to rule generation.