Food Habits and Nutritional Status of Fiji Rugby Players
The 15-a-side Fiji rugby team trains well in preparations for any rugby competition but rarely performs to expectations. In order to help the Fiji local based rugby players to identify some key basic areas in improving their performance, a series of workshops were conducted to assess their nutritional status and dietary habits in relation to energy demand during rugby matches. The nutrition workshop included the administration of questionnaires to 19 local based rugby players, requesting the following information: usual food intakes, training camp food intakes, carbohydrate loading, pre-game meals and post-game meals. The study revealed that poor eating habits of the players resulted in the low carbohydrate intake, which may have contributed to increase levels of fatigue leading to loss of stamina even before the second half of the game. It appears that the diet of most 15-a-side players does not provide enough energy to enable them to last the full eightyminutes of the game.
[1] L. Burke and V. Deakin, in Clinical Sports Nutrition, 3rd ed.: McGraw-
Hill, 2006.
[2] R. Wildman and B. Miller, Sports and Fitness Nutrition. Thomas and
Wadsworth, Australia.
[3] C. Wilborn and D. Willoughby, "The role of dietary protein intake and
resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression," J. International
Society Sports Nutr. , vol. 1, pp. 27-34, 2004.
[4] C. Kerksick, T. Harvey, J. Stout, B. Campbell, C. Wilborn, R. Kreider,
"International society of sports nutrition position stand: Nutrient
timing," J. International Society Sports Nutr. , vol. 5, pp. 1-17, 2008.
[5] J. Berardi, E. Noreen, and P. Lemon, "Recovery from cycling time trial
is enhanced with carbohydrate-protein supplementation vs isoenergetic
carbohydrate supplementation. J. International Society Sports Nutr. ,
vol. 5, pp. 24-34, 2008.
[6] W. Chao, E. Askew, D. Roberts, S. Wood and J. Perkins, "Oxidative
stress in humans during work at moderate altitude," J. Nutr., vol. 129, pp
2009-2012, 1999.
[7] J. Nelson, P. Bernstein, M. Schmidt, M. Tress and W. Askew, "Dietary
modification and moderate antioxidant supplementation differently
affect serum carotenoids, antioxidant levels and markers of oxidative
stress in older humans," J. Nutr. vol. 133, pp. 3117-3123, 2003.
[8] R. Jenkins and A. Goldfarb, "Introduction: oxidant stress aging, and
exercise," Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 25, pp.
210-212, 1993.
[9] M.M. Kanter, "Free radicals, exercise and antioxidant supplementation,"
International J. Sports Nutr., vol. 4, pp. 205-220, 1994.
[10] L. Burke, in The complete guide to food for sports performance: Peak
nutrition for your sports, 2nd ed. : Mc Graw-Hill, 1995.
[11] S.G. Eberle, in Endurance sports Nutrition: Eating plans for optimal
training, racing and recovery, Human Knetics.
[12] J. White, J. Wilson, K. Austin, B. Greer, N. John and L. Panton, "Effect
of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced
muscle damage," J. International Society Sports Nutr., vol. 5, pp. 1-7,
2008.
[13] M. Marcil, A. Karelis, F. Peronnet, and P. Gradiner, "Glucose infusion
attenuates fatigue without sparing glycogen in rat soleus muscle during
prolonged electrical stimulation in situ," European J. Applied
Physiology, vol. 93, pp. 569-574, 2005.
[14] J. Hoffman, J. Kang, N. Ratamess, M. Hoffman, C. Transchina, and A.
Faigenbaum, "Examination of a pre-exercise, high energy supplement on
exercise performance," J. International Society Sports Nutr., vol. 6, pp.
1-8, 2009.
[15] J. Kirwan, R. Hickner, K. Yarasheski, B. Kohrt, B. Wiethop and J.
Holloszy, "Eccentric exercise induces transient insulin resistance in
healthy individuals," J. Applied Physiology, vol. 72, pp. 2197-2202,
1992.
[16] National Food and Nutrition Center, Fiji Nutrition Survey Main Report,
Suva, Fiji, 2007.
[17] C. Williams and L. Serratosa, "Nutrition on match day," J. Sports
Science, vol 24, pp. 687-697, 2006.
[18] C. Chryssanthopoulos, W. Williams, C. Nowitz and G. Bogdanis,
"Skeletal muscle glycogen concentration and metabolic responses
following a high glycemic carbohydrate breakfast," J. Sports Science,
vol. 22, pp. 1065-1071, 2004.
[19] D. Thomas, J. Brotherhood, and J. Brand, "Carbohydrate feeding before
exercise: Effect of glycemic index," International J. Sports Medicine,
vol. 12, pp. 180-186, 1991.
[20] C. Wu and C. William, "A low glyecemic index and meal before
exercise improves endurance running capacity in men," International J.
Sports Nutr. Exercise Metab, vol. 16, pp. 510-527, 2006.
[21] J. Wismann and D. Willoughby, "Gender differences in carbohydrate
metabolism and carbohydrate loading," J. International Society Sports
Nutr., vol. 3, pp. 28-34, 2006.
[22] E. Coyel, A. Coggan, M. Hemmert and J. Ivy, "Muscle glycogen
utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate,"
American Physiological Society, pp. 165-172, 1986.
[23] J. Kirwan, D. O-Gorman, and W.A. Evans, "A moderate glycemic meal
before endurance exercise can enhance performance," J. Applied
Physiol., vol. 84, pp. 53-59, 1998.
[24] A. Jeukendrup, A. Wagenmakers, J. Stegen, F. Gijsen, F. Brouns, and
W. Saris, "Carbohydrate ingestion can completely suppress endogenous
glucose production during exercise," American J. Physiol ,Endocrino.
and Metab., Vol. 276, pp. E762-E683, 1999.
[1] L. Burke and V. Deakin, in Clinical Sports Nutrition, 3rd ed.: McGraw-
Hill, 2006.
[2] R. Wildman and B. Miller, Sports and Fitness Nutrition. Thomas and
Wadsworth, Australia.
[3] C. Wilborn and D. Willoughby, "The role of dietary protein intake and
resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression," J. International
Society Sports Nutr. , vol. 1, pp. 27-34, 2004.
[4] C. Kerksick, T. Harvey, J. Stout, B. Campbell, C. Wilborn, R. Kreider,
"International society of sports nutrition position stand: Nutrient
timing," J. International Society Sports Nutr. , vol. 5, pp. 1-17, 2008.
[5] J. Berardi, E. Noreen, and P. Lemon, "Recovery from cycling time trial
is enhanced with carbohydrate-protein supplementation vs isoenergetic
carbohydrate supplementation. J. International Society Sports Nutr. ,
vol. 5, pp. 24-34, 2008.
[6] W. Chao, E. Askew, D. Roberts, S. Wood and J. Perkins, "Oxidative
stress in humans during work at moderate altitude," J. Nutr., vol. 129, pp
2009-2012, 1999.
[7] J. Nelson, P. Bernstein, M. Schmidt, M. Tress and W. Askew, "Dietary
modification and moderate antioxidant supplementation differently
affect serum carotenoids, antioxidant levels and markers of oxidative
stress in older humans," J. Nutr. vol. 133, pp. 3117-3123, 2003.
[8] R. Jenkins and A. Goldfarb, "Introduction: oxidant stress aging, and
exercise," Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 25, pp.
210-212, 1993.
[9] M.M. Kanter, "Free radicals, exercise and antioxidant supplementation,"
International J. Sports Nutr., vol. 4, pp. 205-220, 1994.
[10] L. Burke, in The complete guide to food for sports performance: Peak
nutrition for your sports, 2nd ed. : Mc Graw-Hill, 1995.
[11] S.G. Eberle, in Endurance sports Nutrition: Eating plans for optimal
training, racing and recovery, Human Knetics.
[12] J. White, J. Wilson, K. Austin, B. Greer, N. John and L. Panton, "Effect
of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced
muscle damage," J. International Society Sports Nutr., vol. 5, pp. 1-7,
2008.
[13] M. Marcil, A. Karelis, F. Peronnet, and P. Gradiner, "Glucose infusion
attenuates fatigue without sparing glycogen in rat soleus muscle during
prolonged electrical stimulation in situ," European J. Applied
Physiology, vol. 93, pp. 569-574, 2005.
[14] J. Hoffman, J. Kang, N. Ratamess, M. Hoffman, C. Transchina, and A.
Faigenbaum, "Examination of a pre-exercise, high energy supplement on
exercise performance," J. International Society Sports Nutr., vol. 6, pp.
1-8, 2009.
[15] J. Kirwan, R. Hickner, K. Yarasheski, B. Kohrt, B. Wiethop and J.
Holloszy, "Eccentric exercise induces transient insulin resistance in
healthy individuals," J. Applied Physiology, vol. 72, pp. 2197-2202,
1992.
[16] National Food and Nutrition Center, Fiji Nutrition Survey Main Report,
Suva, Fiji, 2007.
[17] C. Williams and L. Serratosa, "Nutrition on match day," J. Sports
Science, vol 24, pp. 687-697, 2006.
[18] C. Chryssanthopoulos, W. Williams, C. Nowitz and G. Bogdanis,
"Skeletal muscle glycogen concentration and metabolic responses
following a high glycemic carbohydrate breakfast," J. Sports Science,
vol. 22, pp. 1065-1071, 2004.
[19] D. Thomas, J. Brotherhood, and J. Brand, "Carbohydrate feeding before
exercise: Effect of glycemic index," International J. Sports Medicine,
vol. 12, pp. 180-186, 1991.
[20] C. Wu and C. William, "A low glyecemic index and meal before
exercise improves endurance running capacity in men," International J.
Sports Nutr. Exercise Metab, vol. 16, pp. 510-527, 2006.
[21] J. Wismann and D. Willoughby, "Gender differences in carbohydrate
metabolism and carbohydrate loading," J. International Society Sports
Nutr., vol. 3, pp. 28-34, 2006.
[22] E. Coyel, A. Coggan, M. Hemmert and J. Ivy, "Muscle glycogen
utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate,"
American Physiological Society, pp. 165-172, 1986.
[23] J. Kirwan, D. O-Gorman, and W.A. Evans, "A moderate glycemic meal
before endurance exercise can enhance performance," J. Applied
Physiol., vol. 84, pp. 53-59, 1998.
[24] A. Jeukendrup, A. Wagenmakers, J. Stegen, F. Gijsen, F. Brouns, and
W. Saris, "Carbohydrate ingestion can completely suppress endogenous
glucose production during exercise," American J. Physiol ,Endocrino.
and Metab., Vol. 276, pp. E762-E683, 1999.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:60331", author = "Jimaima Lako and Subramaniam Sotheeswaran and Ketan Christi", title = "Food Habits and Nutritional Status of Fiji Rugby Players", abstract = "The 15-a-side Fiji rugby team trains well in preparations for any rugby competition but rarely performs to expectations. In order to help the Fiji local based rugby players to identify some key basic areas in improving their performance, a series of workshops were conducted to assess their nutritional status and dietary habits in relation to energy demand during rugby matches. The nutrition workshop included the administration of questionnaires to 19 local based rugby players, requesting the following information: usual food intakes, training camp food intakes, carbohydrate loading, pre-game meals and post-game meals. The study revealed that poor eating habits of the players resulted in the low carbohydrate intake, which may have contributed to increase levels of fatigue leading to loss of stamina even before the second half of the game. It appears that the diet of most 15-a-side players does not provide enough energy to enable them to last the full eightyminutes of the game.
", keywords = "Fiji rugby, Food habits, Physical fitness, Training meals", volume = "4", number = "8", pages = "1923-6", }
