Zinc Sulfide Concentrates and Optimization of their Roasting in Fluidezed Bed Reactor
The production of glass, ceramic materials and many non-ferrous metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, etc.), ferrous metals (pig iron) and others is connected with the use of a considerable number of initial solid raw materials. Before carrying out the basic technological processes (oxidized roasting, melting, agglomeration, baking) it is necessary to mix and homogenize the raw materials that have different chemical and phase content, granulometry and humidity. For this purpose zinc sulfide concentrates differing in origin are studied for their more complete characteristics using chemical, X-ray diffraction analyses, DTA and TGA as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy. The phases established in most concentrates are: β-ZnS, mZnS.nFeS, FeS2, CuFeS2, PbS, SiO2 (α-quartz). With the help of the developed by us a Web-based information system for a continued period of time different mix proportions from zinc concentrates are calculated and used in practice (roasting in fluidized bed reactor), which have to conform to the technological requirements of the zinc hydrometallurgical technological scheme.
[1] C.A.R.Queiroz, R.J.Carvalho, F.J.Moura, "Oxidation of zinc sulphide
concentrate in a fluidised bed reactor - Part 1: Characterization of the
fluid dynamics of the particle bed", Brazilian Journal of Chemical
Endineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 117-125, 2005.
[2] C.A.R.Queiroz, R.J.Carvalho, F.J.Moura, "Oxidation of zinc sulphide
concentrate in a fluidised bed reactor - Part 2: The influence of
experimental variables on the kinetics", Brazilian Journal of Chemical
Endineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 127-133, 2005.
[3] B.Boyanov, M.Sandalski, R.Dimitrov, "Software for Optimising the
Mixing Proportions of Polycomponent Raw Materials", Bulgarian
Chemistry and Industry, vol.71, no.1, pp. 10-13, 2000.
[4] P. Taskinen, Maija-Leena Metsarinta, J. Nyberg, A. Rytioja, USA Patent
Application Publication, Pub. No.:US 2004/0050209 A1 Pub. Date:
Mar.18 (2004).
[5] T.Mikami, H.Kamiya, M.Horio, "The mechanism of defluidization of
iron particles in a fluidized bed", Powder Technology, vol. 89, no. 3, pp.
231-238, 1996.
[6] T.Zhou, H.Li, "Estimation of agglomerate size for cohesive particles
during fluidization", Powder Technology, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 57-62,
(1999).
[7] Y.Iwadate, M.Horio, "Prediction of agglomerate sizes in bubbling
fluidized beds of group C powders", Powder Technology, vol. 100, no.
2-3, pp. 223-236, 1998.
[8] L.J.McLaughlin, M.J.Rhodes, "Prediction of fluidized bed behaviour in
the presence of liquid bridges", Powder Technology, vol. 114, no. 1-3,
pp. 213-223, 2001.
[9] P.C. Wright, "Role of liquid bridge forces in cohesive fluidization",
Centre for Particle and Catalyst Technologies vol. 76, no. A6, pp. 753-
760, 1998.
[10] B.S.Boyanov. N.K.Kolev, "Characteristics and Roasting of Sulphide
Zinc Concentrates in Fluid Bed Roaster", in Proc. 4th International
Conference ZINC 2006, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 11-12 September, pp. 275-
285.
[11] S. R. Swarnkar, B. L. Gupta and R. Dhana Sekharan, "Iron control in
zinc plant residue leach solution" Hydrometallurgy, vol.22, no. 1, pp.
21-26, 1996.
[12] F. Elgersma, G. Witkamp, G.M.Van Rosmalen, "Kinetics and
mechanism of reductive dissolution of zinc ferrite in H2O and D2O",
Hydrometallurgy, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 165-176, 1993.
[13] R.Hansson, P. C. Hayes, E. Jak, Experimental study of phase equilibria
in the Fe-Sn-Zn-O system in air. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly,
vol.43, no. 4, pp. 545-553, 2004.
[14] J.C.Balarni, L.d.O.Poli, T.L.S.Miranda, R.M.Z.d.Castro, A.Salum,
"Importance of roasted sulphide concentrates characterization in the
hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc", Minerals Engineering, vol.21,
no.1, pp.100-110, 2008.
[15] R.I.Dimitrov, N.Moldovanska, I.K.Bonev, Z.Zivkovic, "Oxidation of
marmatite", Thermochimica Acta, vol.362, n0.1-2, pp.145-151, 2000.
[16] J.E Dutrizac, "Comparative Rates of Precipitation of Ammonium
Jarosite and Sodium Jarosite in Ferric Sulphate - Sulphuric Acid
Media", The Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, vol. 49, no.2, pp.121-
130, 2010.
[17] T.T.Chen, J.E.Dutrizac, "Mineralogical Changes Occurring during the
Fluid-Bed Roasting of Zinc Sulfide Concentrates", JOM, vol. 56, no. 12,
pp. 46-51, 2004.
[18] J.W.Graydon, D.W.Kirk, "Mechanism of ferrite formation from iron
sulfides during zinc roasting", Metallurgical transactions. B, Process
metallurgy, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 777-785, 1988.
[19] S.A.Degterov, E.Jak, P.C.Hayes, A.D.Pelton, "Experimental study of
phase equilibria and thermodynamic optimization of the Fe-Zn-O
system", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, vol.32 B, pp. 643-
657, 2001
[20] R.Hansson, P. C. Hayes, E. Jak, "Phase equilibria in the Fe-Zn-O system
at conditions relevant to zinc sintering and smelting", Institution of
Mining and Metallurgy. Transactions. Section C: Mineral Processing &
Extractive Metallurgy, vol.114, no. 3, pp. 141-146, 2005.
[21] N.Strabac, D.Zivkovic, Z,Zivkovic, I.Mihajlovic, Sulfidi - termijska,
termodinamicka i kineticka analiza, University of Belgrade, Technical
faculty of Bor, 2005, pp.75-130 (in Serbian).
[22] E. Naramore, J.Gerner, Y.Le Scouarnec, J.Stolz, M.K.Glass, Beginning
PHP5, Apache, and MySQL Web Development, Wiley Publishing Inc.,
Indianapolis, 2005.
[23] M. Sandalski, P.Georgiev, Informatics - Theoretical and Practical
Lectures, Auto Spectrum, Plovdiv, 2010 (In Bulgarian).
[24] L. Welling, L. Thomson, PHP and MYCQL Web Development, IV
Edition, Addison-Wesley, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2009.
[25] L. Ullman, PHP and MYCQL5 for Dynamic Web Sites, Peachpit Press,
Berceley, CA, 2008.
[1] C.A.R.Queiroz, R.J.Carvalho, F.J.Moura, "Oxidation of zinc sulphide
concentrate in a fluidised bed reactor - Part 1: Characterization of the
fluid dynamics of the particle bed", Brazilian Journal of Chemical
Endineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 117-125, 2005.
[2] C.A.R.Queiroz, R.J.Carvalho, F.J.Moura, "Oxidation of zinc sulphide
concentrate in a fluidised bed reactor - Part 2: The influence of
experimental variables on the kinetics", Brazilian Journal of Chemical
Endineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 127-133, 2005.
[3] B.Boyanov, M.Sandalski, R.Dimitrov, "Software for Optimising the
Mixing Proportions of Polycomponent Raw Materials", Bulgarian
Chemistry and Industry, vol.71, no.1, pp. 10-13, 2000.
[4] P. Taskinen, Maija-Leena Metsarinta, J. Nyberg, A. Rytioja, USA Patent
Application Publication, Pub. No.:US 2004/0050209 A1 Pub. Date:
Mar.18 (2004).
[5] T.Mikami, H.Kamiya, M.Horio, "The mechanism of defluidization of
iron particles in a fluidized bed", Powder Technology, vol. 89, no. 3, pp.
231-238, 1996.
[6] T.Zhou, H.Li, "Estimation of agglomerate size for cohesive particles
during fluidization", Powder Technology, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 57-62,
(1999).
[7] Y.Iwadate, M.Horio, "Prediction of agglomerate sizes in bubbling
fluidized beds of group C powders", Powder Technology, vol. 100, no.
2-3, pp. 223-236, 1998.
[8] L.J.McLaughlin, M.J.Rhodes, "Prediction of fluidized bed behaviour in
the presence of liquid bridges", Powder Technology, vol. 114, no. 1-3,
pp. 213-223, 2001.
[9] P.C. Wright, "Role of liquid bridge forces in cohesive fluidization",
Centre for Particle and Catalyst Technologies vol. 76, no. A6, pp. 753-
760, 1998.
[10] B.S.Boyanov. N.K.Kolev, "Characteristics and Roasting of Sulphide
Zinc Concentrates in Fluid Bed Roaster", in Proc. 4th International
Conference ZINC 2006, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 11-12 September, pp. 275-
285.
[11] S. R. Swarnkar, B. L. Gupta and R. Dhana Sekharan, "Iron control in
zinc plant residue leach solution" Hydrometallurgy, vol.22, no. 1, pp.
21-26, 1996.
[12] F. Elgersma, G. Witkamp, G.M.Van Rosmalen, "Kinetics and
mechanism of reductive dissolution of zinc ferrite in H2O and D2O",
Hydrometallurgy, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 165-176, 1993.
[13] R.Hansson, P. C. Hayes, E. Jak, Experimental study of phase equilibria
in the Fe-Sn-Zn-O system in air. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly,
vol.43, no. 4, pp. 545-553, 2004.
[14] J.C.Balarni, L.d.O.Poli, T.L.S.Miranda, R.M.Z.d.Castro, A.Salum,
"Importance of roasted sulphide concentrates characterization in the
hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc", Minerals Engineering, vol.21,
no.1, pp.100-110, 2008.
[15] R.I.Dimitrov, N.Moldovanska, I.K.Bonev, Z.Zivkovic, "Oxidation of
marmatite", Thermochimica Acta, vol.362, n0.1-2, pp.145-151, 2000.
[16] J.E Dutrizac, "Comparative Rates of Precipitation of Ammonium
Jarosite and Sodium Jarosite in Ferric Sulphate - Sulphuric Acid
Media", The Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, vol. 49, no.2, pp.121-
130, 2010.
[17] T.T.Chen, J.E.Dutrizac, "Mineralogical Changes Occurring during the
Fluid-Bed Roasting of Zinc Sulfide Concentrates", JOM, vol. 56, no. 12,
pp. 46-51, 2004.
[18] J.W.Graydon, D.W.Kirk, "Mechanism of ferrite formation from iron
sulfides during zinc roasting", Metallurgical transactions. B, Process
metallurgy, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 777-785, 1988.
[19] S.A.Degterov, E.Jak, P.C.Hayes, A.D.Pelton, "Experimental study of
phase equilibria and thermodynamic optimization of the Fe-Zn-O
system", Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, vol.32 B, pp. 643-
657, 2001
[20] R.Hansson, P. C. Hayes, E. Jak, "Phase equilibria in the Fe-Zn-O system
at conditions relevant to zinc sintering and smelting", Institution of
Mining and Metallurgy. Transactions. Section C: Mineral Processing &
Extractive Metallurgy, vol.114, no. 3, pp. 141-146, 2005.
[21] N.Strabac, D.Zivkovic, Z,Zivkovic, I.Mihajlovic, Sulfidi - termijska,
termodinamicka i kineticka analiza, University of Belgrade, Technical
faculty of Bor, 2005, pp.75-130 (in Serbian).
[22] E. Naramore, J.Gerner, Y.Le Scouarnec, J.Stolz, M.K.Glass, Beginning
PHP5, Apache, and MySQL Web Development, Wiley Publishing Inc.,
Indianapolis, 2005.
[23] M. Sandalski, P.Georgiev, Informatics - Theoretical and Practical
Lectures, Auto Spectrum, Plovdiv, 2010 (In Bulgarian).
[24] L. Welling, L. Thomson, PHP and MYCQL Web Development, IV
Edition, Addison-Wesley, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2009.
[25] L. Ullman, PHP and MYCQL5 for Dynamic Web Sites, Peachpit Press,
Berceley, CA, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:51288", author = "B.S.Boyanov and M.P.Sandalski and K.I.Ivanov", title = "Zinc Sulfide Concentrates and Optimization of their Roasting in Fluidezed Bed Reactor", abstract = "The production of glass, ceramic materials and many non-ferrous metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, etc.), ferrous metals (pig iron) and others is connected with the use of a considerable number of initial solid raw materials. Before carrying out the basic technological processes (oxidized roasting, melting, agglomeration, baking) it is necessary to mix and homogenize the raw materials that have different chemical and phase content, granulometry and humidity. For this purpose zinc sulfide concentrates differing in origin are studied for their more complete characteristics using chemical, X-ray diffraction analyses, DTA and TGA as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy. The phases established in most concentrates are: β-ZnS, mZnS.nFeS, FeS2, CuFeS2, PbS, SiO2 (α-quartz). With the help of the developed by us a Web-based information system for a continued period of time different mix proportions from zinc concentrates are calculated and used in practice (roasting in fluidized bed reactor), which have to conform to the technological requirements of the zinc hydrometallurgical technological scheme.
", keywords = "fluidized bed reactor, roasting, Web-based
information system, zinc concentrates.", volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "22-7", }
