The building sector is the largest energy consumer and
CO2 emitter in the European Union (EU) and therefore the active
reduction of energy consumption and elimination of energy wastage
are among the main goals in it. Healthy housing and energy
efficiency are affected by many factors which set challenges to
monitoring, control and research of indoor air quality (IAQ) and
energy consumption, especially in old buildings. These challenges
include measurement and equipment costs, for example.
Additionally, the measurement results are difficult to interpret and
their usage in the ventilation control is also limited when taking into
account the energy efficiency of housing at the same time. The main
goal of this study is to develop a cost-effective building monitoring
and control system especially for old buildings. The starting point or
keyword of the development process is a wireless system; otherwise
the installation costs become too high. As the main result, this paper
describes an idea of a wireless building monitoring and control
system. The first prototype of the system has been installed in 10
residential buildings and in 10 school buildings located in the City of
Kuopio, Finland.
[1] W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman,
"Communications systems for building automation and control,"
Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 93, pp.1178-1203, Jun. 2005.
[2] J. Morissey and R. E. Horne, "Life cycle cost implications of energy
efficiency measures in new residential buildings," Energy and
Buildings, vol. 43, pp. 915-924, Dec. 2010.
[3] K. J. Chia and S. K. Chou, "A performance-based method for energy
efficiency improvement of buildings," Energy Conversion and
Management, vol. 52, pp. 1829-1839, Apr. 2011.
[4] D. Popescu, F. Ungureanu and A. Hernández-Guerrero, "Simulation
models for the analyses of space heating consumption of buildings,"
Energy , vol. 34, pp. 1447-1453, Oct. 2009.
[5] M. H. Shiwehdi and A. Z. Khan, "A power line data communication
interface using spread spectrum technology in home automation," IEEE
Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 11, pp. 1232-1237, Jul. 1996.
[6] J. Ploennings, V. Vasyutynskyy and K. Kabitzsch, "Comparative study
of Energy-Efficient Sampling Approaches for Wireless Control
Network," IEEE Transaction on Industrial Informatics, vol. 6, pp.416-
424, Aug. 2010.
[7] A. P. Jones, "Indoor Air Quality and health," Atmospheric Environment,
vol. 33, pp. 4535-4564, Dec. 1999.
[8] T. Salthammer, "Critical evaluation of approaches in setting indoor air
quality guidelines and reference values," Chemosphere, vol. 82, pp.
1507-1517, Mar. 2011.
[9] S. C. Sofuoglu, G. Aslan, F. Inal and A. Sofuoglu, "An assessment of
indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds
in three primary schools," International Journal of Hygiene and
Environment Health. vol. 214, pp. 36-46. Jan. 2011.
[10] D. Butler, "Architects of a Low-energy Future," Nature, 452, pp. 520-
523, Apr. 2008.
[11] R. Armstrong and N. Spiller, "Synthetic biology: Living quarters,"
Nature, 467, pp. 916-918, Oct. 2010.
[12] N. Gershenfeld, S. Samouhos, and B. Nordman: "Intelligent
Infrastructure for energy efficiency," Science, vol. 372, pp.1086-1088,
Feb. 2010.
[13] R. J. Jackson, "Environment Meets Health, Again," Science, 315(5817),
pp.1337, Mar. 2007.
[14] J. P. Holdren, "Energy and Sustainability," Science, 315(5813), pp. 737,
Feb. 2007.
[15] C. Reinisch, J. M. Kofler, F. Iglesias and W. Kastner, "Thinkhome
Energy Efficiency in Future Smart homes," EURASIP Journal on
Embedded Systems, vol. 2011, Article ID 104617, 18 pages, Jan. 2011.
[16] M. A. Zamora-Izquierdo, J. Santa and A. F. G├│mez-Skarmeta, "An
Integral and Networked Home Automation Solution for Indoor Ambient
Intelligence," IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 9, pp. 66-77, Jan. 2010.
[17] M. Chan, D. Estève, C. Escriba and E. Campo, "A review of smart
homes - Present state and future challenges," Computer Methods and
Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 91, pp. 55-81, Jul. 2008.
[18] J-P. Skön, O. Kauhanen and M. Kolehmainen, "Energy Consumption
and Air Quality Monitoring System," Proceedings of the 7th
International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and
Information Processing, pp. 163-167, Adelaide, Australia Dec. 6-9,
2011.
[19] "EE80 data sheet," E+E Elektronik G.m.b.H., Austria.
[20] "F2000TSM-CO-C101 data sheet," Tongdy Control Technology Co.,
Ltd., China.
[21] "Dwyer MS-221 data sheet," Dwyer Instruments Inc., USA.
[22] "TSM-VOC-L100," Tongdy Control Technology Co., Ltd., China.
[23] "Multical® 601 data sheet," Kamstrup A/S, Denmark.
[24] "BSC1111 data sheet," Aktif Enerji Insaat Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd., Co.,
Turkey.
[25] "OS-550 data sheet," IR-TEC International Ltd., Taiwan.
[26] "WXT520 data sheet," Vaisala Ltd., Finland.
[27] "EE21-FT3A26/T02 data sheet," E+E Elektronik G.m.b.H., Austria.
[28] "ConnectPort X4 data sheet," Digi International Inc., USA.
[29] "TL-ANT2408CL data sheet," TP-LINK Technologies CO., Ltd., China.
[1] W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman,
"Communications systems for building automation and control,"
Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 93, pp.1178-1203, Jun. 2005.
[2] J. Morissey and R. E. Horne, "Life cycle cost implications of energy
efficiency measures in new residential buildings," Energy and
Buildings, vol. 43, pp. 915-924, Dec. 2010.
[3] K. J. Chia and S. K. Chou, "A performance-based method for energy
efficiency improvement of buildings," Energy Conversion and
Management, vol. 52, pp. 1829-1839, Apr. 2011.
[4] D. Popescu, F. Ungureanu and A. Hernández-Guerrero, "Simulation
models for the analyses of space heating consumption of buildings,"
Energy , vol. 34, pp. 1447-1453, Oct. 2009.
[5] M. H. Shiwehdi and A. Z. Khan, "A power line data communication
interface using spread spectrum technology in home automation," IEEE
Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 11, pp. 1232-1237, Jul. 1996.
[6] J. Ploennings, V. Vasyutynskyy and K. Kabitzsch, "Comparative study
of Energy-Efficient Sampling Approaches for Wireless Control
Network," IEEE Transaction on Industrial Informatics, vol. 6, pp.416-
424, Aug. 2010.
[7] A. P. Jones, "Indoor Air Quality and health," Atmospheric Environment,
vol. 33, pp. 4535-4564, Dec. 1999.
[8] T. Salthammer, "Critical evaluation of approaches in setting indoor air
quality guidelines and reference values," Chemosphere, vol. 82, pp.
1507-1517, Mar. 2011.
[9] S. C. Sofuoglu, G. Aslan, F. Inal and A. Sofuoglu, "An assessment of
indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds
in three primary schools," International Journal of Hygiene and
Environment Health. vol. 214, pp. 36-46. Jan. 2011.
[10] D. Butler, "Architects of a Low-energy Future," Nature, 452, pp. 520-
523, Apr. 2008.
[11] R. Armstrong and N. Spiller, "Synthetic biology: Living quarters,"
Nature, 467, pp. 916-918, Oct. 2010.
[12] N. Gershenfeld, S. Samouhos, and B. Nordman: "Intelligent
Infrastructure for energy efficiency," Science, vol. 372, pp.1086-1088,
Feb. 2010.
[13] R. J. Jackson, "Environment Meets Health, Again," Science, 315(5817),
pp.1337, Mar. 2007.
[14] J. P. Holdren, "Energy and Sustainability," Science, 315(5813), pp. 737,
Feb. 2007.
[15] C. Reinisch, J. M. Kofler, F. Iglesias and W. Kastner, "Thinkhome
Energy Efficiency in Future Smart homes," EURASIP Journal on
Embedded Systems, vol. 2011, Article ID 104617, 18 pages, Jan. 2011.
[16] M. A. Zamora-Izquierdo, J. Santa and A. F. G├│mez-Skarmeta, "An
Integral and Networked Home Automation Solution for Indoor Ambient
Intelligence," IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 9, pp. 66-77, Jan. 2010.
[17] M. Chan, D. Estève, C. Escriba and E. Campo, "A review of smart
homes - Present state and future challenges," Computer Methods and
Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 91, pp. 55-81, Jul. 2008.
[18] J-P. Skön, O. Kauhanen and M. Kolehmainen, "Energy Consumption
and Air Quality Monitoring System," Proceedings of the 7th
International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and
Information Processing, pp. 163-167, Adelaide, Australia Dec. 6-9,
2011.
[19] "EE80 data sheet," E+E Elektronik G.m.b.H., Austria.
[20] "F2000TSM-CO-C101 data sheet," Tongdy Control Technology Co.,
Ltd., China.
[21] "Dwyer MS-221 data sheet," Dwyer Instruments Inc., USA.
[22] "TSM-VOC-L100," Tongdy Control Technology Co., Ltd., China.
[23] "Multical® 601 data sheet," Kamstrup A/S, Denmark.
[24] "BSC1111 data sheet," Aktif Enerji Insaat Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd., Co.,
Turkey.
[25] "OS-550 data sheet," IR-TEC International Ltd., Taiwan.
[26] "WXT520 data sheet," Vaisala Ltd., Finland.
[27] "EE21-FT3A26/T02 data sheet," E+E Elektronik G.m.b.H., Austria.
[28] "ConnectPort X4 data sheet," Digi International Inc., USA.
[29] "TL-ANT2408CL data sheet," TP-LINK Technologies CO., Ltd., China.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:57514", author = "J.-P. Skön and M. Johansson and O. Kauhanen and M. Raatikainen and K. Leiviskä and M. Kolehmainen", title = "Wireless Building Monitoring and Control System", abstract = "The building sector is the largest energy consumer and
CO2 emitter in the European Union (EU) and therefore the active
reduction of energy consumption and elimination of energy wastage
are among the main goals in it. Healthy housing and energy
efficiency are affected by many factors which set challenges to
monitoring, control and research of indoor air quality (IAQ) and
energy consumption, especially in old buildings. These challenges
include measurement and equipment costs, for example.
Additionally, the measurement results are difficult to interpret and
their usage in the ventilation control is also limited when taking into
account the energy efficiency of housing at the same time. The main
goal of this study is to develop a cost-effective building monitoring
and control system especially for old buildings. The starting point or
keyword of the development process is a wireless system; otherwise
the installation costs become too high. As the main result, this paper
describes an idea of a wireless building monitoring and control
system. The first prototype of the system has been installed in 10
residential buildings and in 10 school buildings located in the City of
Kuopio, Finland.", keywords = "Energy efficiency, Indoor air quality, Monitoring
system, Building automation", volume = "6", number = "5", pages = "291-6", }
