Wet Strength Improvement of Pineapple Leaf Paper for Evaporative Cooling Pad
This research aimed to modify pineapple leaf paper
(PALP) for using as wet media in the evaporation cooling system by
improving wet mechanical property (tensile strength) without
compromising water absorption property. Polyamideamineepichorohydrin
resin (PAE) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
were used to strengthen the paper, and the PAE and CMC ratio of
80:20 showed the optimum wet and dry tensile index values, which
were higher than those of the commercial cooling pad (CCP).
Compared with CCP, PALP itself and all the PAE/CMC modified
PALP possessed better water absorption. The PAE/CMC modified
PALP had potential to become a new type of wet media.
[1] T. Gunhan, V. Demir and A.K. Yagcioglu, "Evaluation of the Suitability
of Some Local Materials as Cooling Pads," Biosystems Engineering,
vol.96, no.3, pp.369-377, January 2007.
[2] J. Prasomsub, "Feasibility of Evaporative Cooling Application in
Flower's Greenhouse," Master of Science Program in Energy
Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King
Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. 1998.
[3] S. Mongkon, "Feasibility of Evaporative Cooling System Together with
Natural Ventilation in Flower Growing Greenhouse," Master of
Engineering Program in Energy Technology, School of Energy,
Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's University of Technology
Thonburi. 2004.
[4] A. Rattanathanaopat, "Improving in Efficiency of Evaporative Cooling
in Poultry," Master of Engineering Program in Thermal Technology,
School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's
University of Technology Thonburi. 2003.
[5] N. Sangkhapitak, "Study in evaporative cooling media for agricultural
application," Master of Engineering Program in Thermal Technology,
School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's
University of Technology Thonburi. 2001.
[6] "Pineapple production" [Online] Available from http://fao.org
[Accessed from 20/4/2009]
[7] H. H. Espy, "The mechanism of wet-strength development in paper: a
review," Tappi Journal, vol.78, No.4, pp.90-99, April 1995.
[8] C.O. Au and I. Thorn, Applications of Wet-End Paper Chemistry,
Glasgow : Chapman & Hall, 1995, pp.2-3.
[9] J.C. Roberts, Paper Chemistry, 2nd ed., London : Chapman & Hall,
1996, pp.98-119.
[10] R. Gernandt, L. Wagberg, L. Gardlund and H. Dautzenberg,
"Polyelectrolyte complexes for surface modification of wood fibres I.
Preparation and characterization of complexes for dry and wet strength
improvement of paper," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng.
Aspects, vol.213, pp.15-25, June 2002.
[11] L. Gardlund, L. Wagberg, and R. Gernandt, "Polyelectrolyte complexes
for surface modification of wood fibres II. Influence of complexes on
wet and dry strength of paper," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem.
Eng. Aspects , vol.218, pp.137-149, December 2002.
[12] T. Obokata and A. Isogai, "The mechanism of wet-strength
development of cellulose sheets prepared with polyamideamineepichlorohydrin
(PAE) resin," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem.
Eng. Aspects, vol.302, pp.525-531, March 2007
[13] D. Braga, G. Kramer, R. Pelzer and M. Halko, "Recent Development in
Wet Strength Chemistry Targeting High Performance and Ambitious
Environment Goals," Chemical Technology, pp.30-34, September 2009.
[14] E. Kontturi, M. Mitikka-Eklund and T. Vuorinen, "Strength
enhancement of a fiber network by carboxymethyl cellulose during
oxygen delignification of kraft pulp," BioResources, vol.3, No.1,
pp.34-45, January 2008.
[15] J. P. Casey, Pulp and Paper: Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Volume I, 3rd ed., New York: John wiley & sons, 1980, pp.18-23.
[1] T. Gunhan, V. Demir and A.K. Yagcioglu, "Evaluation of the Suitability
of Some Local Materials as Cooling Pads," Biosystems Engineering,
vol.96, no.3, pp.369-377, January 2007.
[2] J. Prasomsub, "Feasibility of Evaporative Cooling Application in
Flower's Greenhouse," Master of Science Program in Energy
Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King
Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. 1998.
[3] S. Mongkon, "Feasibility of Evaporative Cooling System Together with
Natural Ventilation in Flower Growing Greenhouse," Master of
Engineering Program in Energy Technology, School of Energy,
Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's University of Technology
Thonburi. 2004.
[4] A. Rattanathanaopat, "Improving in Efficiency of Evaporative Cooling
in Poultry," Master of Engineering Program in Thermal Technology,
School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's
University of Technology Thonburi. 2003.
[5] N. Sangkhapitak, "Study in evaporative cooling media for agricultural
application," Master of Engineering Program in Thermal Technology,
School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut's
University of Technology Thonburi. 2001.
[6] "Pineapple production" [Online] Available from http://fao.org
[Accessed from 20/4/2009]
[7] H. H. Espy, "The mechanism of wet-strength development in paper: a
review," Tappi Journal, vol.78, No.4, pp.90-99, April 1995.
[8] C.O. Au and I. Thorn, Applications of Wet-End Paper Chemistry,
Glasgow : Chapman & Hall, 1995, pp.2-3.
[9] J.C. Roberts, Paper Chemistry, 2nd ed., London : Chapman & Hall,
1996, pp.98-119.
[10] R. Gernandt, L. Wagberg, L. Gardlund and H. Dautzenberg,
"Polyelectrolyte complexes for surface modification of wood fibres I.
Preparation and characterization of complexes for dry and wet strength
improvement of paper," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng.
Aspects, vol.213, pp.15-25, June 2002.
[11] L. Gardlund, L. Wagberg, and R. Gernandt, "Polyelectrolyte complexes
for surface modification of wood fibres II. Influence of complexes on
wet and dry strength of paper," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem.
Eng. Aspects , vol.218, pp.137-149, December 2002.
[12] T. Obokata and A. Isogai, "The mechanism of wet-strength
development of cellulose sheets prepared with polyamideamineepichlorohydrin
(PAE) resin," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem.
Eng. Aspects, vol.302, pp.525-531, March 2007
[13] D. Braga, G. Kramer, R. Pelzer and M. Halko, "Recent Development in
Wet Strength Chemistry Targeting High Performance and Ambitious
Environment Goals," Chemical Technology, pp.30-34, September 2009.
[14] E. Kontturi, M. Mitikka-Eklund and T. Vuorinen, "Strength
enhancement of a fiber network by carboxymethyl cellulose during
oxygen delignification of kraft pulp," BioResources, vol.3, No.1,
pp.34-45, January 2008.
[15] J. P. Casey, Pulp and Paper: Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Volume I, 3rd ed., New York: John wiley & sons, 1980, pp.18-23.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:61206", author = "T. Khampan and N. Thavarungkul and J. Tiansuwan and S. Kamthai", title = "Wet Strength Improvement of Pineapple Leaf Paper for Evaporative Cooling Pad", abstract = "This research aimed to modify pineapple leaf paper
(PALP) for using as wet media in the evaporation cooling system by
improving wet mechanical property (tensile strength) without
compromising water absorption property. Polyamideamineepichorohydrin
resin (PAE) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
were used to strengthen the paper, and the PAE and CMC ratio of
80:20 showed the optimum wet and dry tensile index values, which
were higher than those of the commercial cooling pad (CCP).
Compared with CCP, PALP itself and all the PAE/CMC modified
PALP possessed better water absorption. The PAE/CMC modified
PALP had potential to become a new type of wet media.", keywords = "wet strength, evaporative cooling, pineapple leaves,polyamideamine-epichorohydrin, carboxymethylcellulose.", volume = "4", number = "12", pages = "773-4", }
