Viscosity Model for Predicting the Power Output from Ocean Salinity and Temperature Energy Conversion System (OSTEC) Part 1: Theoretical Formulation
The mixture between two fluids of different salinity has been proven to capable of producing electricity in an ocean salinity energy conversion system known as hydrocratic generator. The system relies on the difference between the salinity of the incoming fresh water and the surrounding sea water in the generator. In this investigation, additional parameter is introduced which is the temperature difference between the two fluids; hence the system is known as Ocean Salinity and Temperature Energy Conversion System (OSTEC). The investigation is divided into two papers. This first paper of Part 1 presents the theoretical formulation by considering the effect of fluid dynamic viscosity known as Viscosity Model and later compares with the conventional formulation which is Density Model. The dynamic viscosity model is used to predict the dynamic of the fluids in the system which in turns gives the analytical formulation of the potential power output that can be harvested.
[1] S. Belfedhal, and E. M. Berkouk, “Modeling and control of wind power
conversion system with a flywheel energy storage system,” International
Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 152-161, June
2011.
[2] D. D. Guta, “Assessment of biomass fuel resource potential and
utilization in Ethiopia: sourcing strategies for renewable energies,”
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.
131-139, Feb 2012.
[3] J. Kim, S. J. Kim, and D. K. Kim, “Energy harvesting from salinity
gradient by reverse electrodialysis with anodic alumina nanopores,”
Energy, vol. 51, pp. 413-421, Mac 2013.
[4] H. Semmari, D. Stitou, and S. Mauran, “A novel Carnot-based cycle for
ocean thermal energy conversion,” Energy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 361-375,
July 2012.
[5] J. Dayou, W. Y. H. Liew, and M. S. Chow, “Increasing the bandwidth of
the width-split piezoelectric energy harvester,” Microelectronics
Journal, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 484-491, July 2012.
[6] J. Dayou, M. S. Chow, and W. Y. H. Liew, “Harvesting electric charges
from ambient vibration using piezoelectric,” Borneo Science, vol. 29, pp.
23-31, Sept 2011.
[7] J. Dayou, and M. S. Chow, “Performance study of piezoelectric energy
harvesting to flash a LED,” International Journal of Renewable Energy
Research, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 323-332, Aug 2011.
[8] J. Dayou, M. S. Chow, M. N. Dalimin, and S. Wang, “Generating
electricity using piezoelectric material,” Borneo Science, vol. 24, pp. 47-
51, Mac 2009.
[9] J. G. Fantidis, D. V. Bandekas, C. Potolias, and N. Vordos, “The effect
of the financial crisis on electricity cost for remote consumers: Case
Study Samothrace (Greece),” International Journal of Renewable
Energy Research, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 281-289, Aug 2011.
[10] O. Yaakob, T. M. A. B. Tengku Ab Rashid, and M. A. Abdul Mukti,
“Prospects for ocean energy in Malaysia,” in International Conference
on Energy and Environmental (ICEE), Kuala Lumpur, 2006, pp. 61-68.
[11] M. Esteban, and D. Leary, “Current developments and future prospects
of offshore wind and ocean energy,” Applied Energy, vol. 90, no. 1, pp.
128-136, Feb 2012.
[12] E. Pscheidt, and W. Finley, “Deriving useful power from the osmotic
potential between solutions,” Internal Report.
<http://www.waderllc.com> (retrieved on January 13, 2013).
[13] S. K. Lee, J. Dayou, A. S. Abd Hamid, E. Saleh, and B. Ismail, “A
Theoretical Investigation on the Potential Application of Ocean Salinity
and Temperature Energy Conversion (OSTEC),” International Journal
of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 326-331, May 2012.
[14] J. B. Franzini, and E. J. Finnemore, Fluid Mechanics with Engineering
Applications. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
[15] A. E. Gill, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, 1982.
[1] S. Belfedhal, and E. M. Berkouk, “Modeling and control of wind power
conversion system with a flywheel energy storage system,” International
Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 152-161, June
2011.
[2] D. D. Guta, “Assessment of biomass fuel resource potential and
utilization in Ethiopia: sourcing strategies for renewable energies,”
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.
131-139, Feb 2012.
[3] J. Kim, S. J. Kim, and D. K. Kim, “Energy harvesting from salinity
gradient by reverse electrodialysis with anodic alumina nanopores,”
Energy, vol. 51, pp. 413-421, Mac 2013.
[4] H. Semmari, D. Stitou, and S. Mauran, “A novel Carnot-based cycle for
ocean thermal energy conversion,” Energy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 361-375,
July 2012.
[5] J. Dayou, W. Y. H. Liew, and M. S. Chow, “Increasing the bandwidth of
the width-split piezoelectric energy harvester,” Microelectronics
Journal, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 484-491, July 2012.
[6] J. Dayou, M. S. Chow, and W. Y. H. Liew, “Harvesting electric charges
from ambient vibration using piezoelectric,” Borneo Science, vol. 29, pp.
23-31, Sept 2011.
[7] J. Dayou, and M. S. Chow, “Performance study of piezoelectric energy
harvesting to flash a LED,” International Journal of Renewable Energy
Research, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 323-332, Aug 2011.
[8] J. Dayou, M. S. Chow, M. N. Dalimin, and S. Wang, “Generating
electricity using piezoelectric material,” Borneo Science, vol. 24, pp. 47-
51, Mac 2009.
[9] J. G. Fantidis, D. V. Bandekas, C. Potolias, and N. Vordos, “The effect
of the financial crisis on electricity cost for remote consumers: Case
Study Samothrace (Greece),” International Journal of Renewable
Energy Research, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 281-289, Aug 2011.
[10] O. Yaakob, T. M. A. B. Tengku Ab Rashid, and M. A. Abdul Mukti,
“Prospects for ocean energy in Malaysia,” in International Conference
on Energy and Environmental (ICEE), Kuala Lumpur, 2006, pp. 61-68.
[11] M. Esteban, and D. Leary, “Current developments and future prospects
of offshore wind and ocean energy,” Applied Energy, vol. 90, no. 1, pp.
128-136, Feb 2012.
[12] E. Pscheidt, and W. Finley, “Deriving useful power from the osmotic
potential between solutions,” Internal Report.
<http://www.waderllc.com> (retrieved on January 13, 2013).
[13] S. K. Lee, J. Dayou, A. S. Abd Hamid, E. Saleh, and B. Ismail, “A
Theoretical Investigation on the Potential Application of Ocean Salinity
and Temperature Energy Conversion (OSTEC),” International Journal
of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 326-331, May 2012.
[14] J. B. Franzini, and E. J. Finnemore, Fluid Mechanics with Engineering
Applications. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
[15] A. E. Gill, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, 1982.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:65481", author = "Ag. S. Abd. Hamid and S. K. Lee and J. Dayou and R. Yusoff and F. Sulaiman", title = "Viscosity Model for Predicting the Power Output from Ocean Salinity and Temperature Energy Conversion System (OSTEC) Part 1: Theoretical Formulation", abstract = "The mixture between two fluids of different salinity has been proven to capable of producing electricity in an ocean salinity energy conversion system known as hydrocratic generator. The system relies on the difference between the salinity of the incoming fresh water and the surrounding sea water in the generator. In this investigation, additional parameter is introduced which is the temperature difference between the two fluids; hence the system is known as Ocean Salinity and Temperature Energy Conversion System (OSTEC). The investigation is divided into two papers. This first paper of Part 1 presents the theoretical formulation by considering the effect of fluid dynamic viscosity known as Viscosity Model and later compares with the conventional formulation which is Density Model. The dynamic viscosity model is used to predict the dynamic of the fluids in the system which in turns gives the analytical formulation of the potential power output that can be harvested.
", keywords = "Buoyancy, density, frictional head loss, kinetic power, viscosity.", volume = "7", number = "10", pages = "699-5", }
