A wide spectrum of systems require reliable
personal recognition schemes to either confirm or determine the
identity of an individual person. This paper considers multimodal
biometric system and their applicability to access control,
authentication and security applications. Strategies for feature
extraction and sensor fusion are considered and contrasted. Issues
related to performance assessment, deployment and standardization
are discussed. Finally future directions of biometric systems
development are discussed.
[1] Association for Biometrics and International Computer Security
Association, "Glossary of Biometric Terms", 1998.
[2] S G Davies, "Touching Big Brother - How biometric technology will
fuse flesh and machine", Information Technology and People, Vol. 7,
No 4, 1994.
[3] B Millar, "Vital Signs of Identity", IEEE Spectrum, pp 22-30, February
1994.
[4] C Jennings, "Biometrics - When the Person is the Key", Sensor
Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp 9-11, 1992.
[5] W Shen and R Khanna, "Scanning the Special Issue on Automated
Biometrics", Proceedings of IEEE, pp 1343-46, September 1997.
[6] European Union, "Directive on Data Protection", Official Journal of the
European Communities, No L. 281 p. 31, 23 November 1995.
[7] P Agre and M Rotenberg, eds., Technology and Privacy: The New
Landscape, MIT Press, 1997.
[8] C C Chibelushi, F Deravi, J S D Mason, "Survey of Audio-Visual
Speech Databases", Speech and Image Processing Research Group,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of
Wales Swansea, 1996.
[9] K Messer, J Matas, J Kittler, J Luettin, G Maitre, "XM2VTS: The
Extended M2VTS Database", Proceedings 2nd Conference on Audio
and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication AVBPA-99, Springer
Verlag, New York, 1999.
[10] C C Chibelushi, S Gandon, J S D Mason, F Deravi, R D Johnston,
"Design Issues for a Digital Audio-Visual Integrated Database", IEE
Colloquium on Integrated Audio-Visual Processing for Recognition,
Synthesis and Communication (London - UK), Digest No: 1996/213, pp.
7/1 - 7/7, 1996.
[11] C C Chibelushi, F Deravi, J S D Mason, "A Review of Speech-Based
Bimodal Recognition - Part 1: Foundations for Audio-Visual Fusion by
Machine" Submitted for Publication in IEEE Transactions on
Multimedia, 1999.
[12] C C Chibelushi, F Deravi, J S D Mason, "A Review of Speech-Based
Bimodal Recognition - Part 2: Techniques, Performance, and
Challenges" Submitted for Publication in IEEE Transactions on
Multimedia, 1999.
[13] J P Campell, "Speaker Recognition: A Tutorial", Proceedings of the
IEEE, Vol 85, No 9, pp 1437-1462, September 1997.
[14] H Wechsler, et al (Eds.) "Face Recognition From Theory to
Applications", NATO ASI Series. SERS. F, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin/Heidelberg, 1998.
[15] A Samal, and P A Iyengar, "Automatic recognition and analysis of
human faces and facial expressions: a survey", Pattern Recognition, 25,
65-77, 1992.
[16] D Valentin, H Abdi, and G W Cottrell, "Connectionist models of face
processing: A survey". Pattern Recognition, 27, 1209, 1994.
[17] R B Starkey, "The Human Face - A Unique Pattern?" Sensor Review,
Vol. 12, No. 3, pp 16-18, 1992.
[18] C C Chibelushi, J S D Mason and F Deravi, "Audio-Visual Person
Recognition: An Evaluation of Data Fusion Strategies", Proceedings of
the European Conference on Security, IEE, London, pp 26-30, 28-30
April 1997.
[19] C C Chibelushi, J S D Mason and F Deravi, "Feature-level Data Fusion
for Bimodal Person Recognition", Sixth International Conference on
Image Processing and its Applications, IEE, Trinity College, Dublin,
Ireland, , pp 339-403, 14-17 July, 1997.
[20] C C. Chibelushi, F Deravi, J S D Mason, "Adaptive Classifier
Integration for Robust Pattern Recognition", Accepted for Publication,
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - Part B:
Cybernetics, to appear December 1999.
[21] R A Wasniowski, Data Fusion for Biometrics authentication, RAW99-
SR-320, 1999
[22] J D Woodward, "Biometrics: Privacy-s Foe or Privacy-s Friend?",
Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 9, September 1997.
[23] M Willems and P Forret, "Layered Biometric Verification", Keyware
Technologies, 1997
[24] P K Varshney, "Multisensor Data Fusion", Electronics and
Communications Engineering Journal
[1] Association for Biometrics and International Computer Security
Association, "Glossary of Biometric Terms", 1998.
[2] S G Davies, "Touching Big Brother - How biometric technology will
fuse flesh and machine", Information Technology and People, Vol. 7,
No 4, 1994.
[3] B Millar, "Vital Signs of Identity", IEEE Spectrum, pp 22-30, February
1994.
[4] C Jennings, "Biometrics - When the Person is the Key", Sensor
Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp 9-11, 1992.
[5] W Shen and R Khanna, "Scanning the Special Issue on Automated
Biometrics", Proceedings of IEEE, pp 1343-46, September 1997.
[6] European Union, "Directive on Data Protection", Official Journal of the
European Communities, No L. 281 p. 31, 23 November 1995.
[7] P Agre and M Rotenberg, eds., Technology and Privacy: The New
Landscape, MIT Press, 1997.
[8] C C Chibelushi, F Deravi, J S D Mason, "Survey of Audio-Visual
Speech Databases", Speech and Image Processing Research Group,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of
Wales Swansea, 1996.
[9] K Messer, J Matas, J Kittler, J Luettin, G Maitre, "XM2VTS: The
Extended M2VTS Database", Proceedings 2nd Conference on Audio
and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication AVBPA-99, Springer
Verlag, New York, 1999.
[10] C C Chibelushi, S Gandon, J S D Mason, F Deravi, R D Johnston,
"Design Issues for a Digital Audio-Visual Integrated Database", IEE
Colloquium on Integrated Audio-Visual Processing for Recognition,
Synthesis and Communication (London - UK), Digest No: 1996/213, pp.
7/1 - 7/7, 1996.
[11] C C Chibelushi, F Deravi, J S D Mason, "A Review of Speech-Based
Bimodal Recognition - Part 1: Foundations for Audio-Visual Fusion by
Machine" Submitted for Publication in IEEE Transactions on
Multimedia, 1999.
[12] C C Chibelushi, F Deravi, J S D Mason, "A Review of Speech-Based
Bimodal Recognition - Part 2: Techniques, Performance, and
Challenges" Submitted for Publication in IEEE Transactions on
Multimedia, 1999.
[13] J P Campell, "Speaker Recognition: A Tutorial", Proceedings of the
IEEE, Vol 85, No 9, pp 1437-1462, September 1997.
[14] H Wechsler, et al (Eds.) "Face Recognition From Theory to
Applications", NATO ASI Series. SERS. F, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin/Heidelberg, 1998.
[15] A Samal, and P A Iyengar, "Automatic recognition and analysis of
human faces and facial expressions: a survey", Pattern Recognition, 25,
65-77, 1992.
[16] D Valentin, H Abdi, and G W Cottrell, "Connectionist models of face
processing: A survey". Pattern Recognition, 27, 1209, 1994.
[17] R B Starkey, "The Human Face - A Unique Pattern?" Sensor Review,
Vol. 12, No. 3, pp 16-18, 1992.
[18] C C Chibelushi, J S D Mason and F Deravi, "Audio-Visual Person
Recognition: An Evaluation of Data Fusion Strategies", Proceedings of
the European Conference on Security, IEE, London, pp 26-30, 28-30
April 1997.
[19] C C Chibelushi, J S D Mason and F Deravi, "Feature-level Data Fusion
for Bimodal Person Recognition", Sixth International Conference on
Image Processing and its Applications, IEE, Trinity College, Dublin,
Ireland, , pp 339-403, 14-17 July, 1997.
[20] C C. Chibelushi, F Deravi, J S D Mason, "Adaptive Classifier
Integration for Robust Pattern Recognition", Accepted for Publication,
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - Part B:
Cybernetics, to appear December 1999.
[21] R A Wasniowski, Data Fusion for Biometrics authentication, RAW99-
SR-320, 1999
[22] J D Woodward, "Biometrics: Privacy-s Foe or Privacy-s Friend?",
Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 9, September 1997.
[23] M Willems and P Forret, "Layered Biometric Verification", Keyware
Technologies, 1997
[24] P K Varshney, "Multisensor Data Fusion", Electronics and
Communications Engineering Journal
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:51963", author = "Richard A. Wasniowski", title = "Using Data Fusion for Biometric Verification", abstract = "A wide spectrum of systems require reliable
personal recognition schemes to either confirm or determine the
identity of an individual person. This paper considers multimodal
biometric system and their applicability to access control,
authentication and security applications. Strategies for feature
extraction and sensor fusion are considered and contrasted. Issues
related to performance assessment, deployment and standardization
are discussed. Finally future directions of biometric systems
development are discussed.", keywords = "Multimodal, biometric, recognition, fusion.", volume = "1", number = "5", pages = "106-3", }
