Thermomechanical Studies in Glass/Epoxy Composite Specimen during Tensile Loading
This paper presents the results of thermo-mechanical
characterization of Glass/Epoxy composite specimens using Infrared
Thermography technique. The specimens used for the study were
fabricated in-house with three different lay-up sequences and tested
on a servo hydraulic machine under uni-axial loading. Infrared
Camera was used for on-line monitoring surface temperature changes
of composite specimens during tensile deformation.
Experimental results showed that thermomechanical
characteristics of each type of specimens were distinct. Temperature
was found to be decreasing linearly with increasing tensile stress in
the elastic region due to thermo-elastic effect. Yield point could be
observed by monitoring the change in temperature profile during
tensile testing and this value could be correlated with the results
obtained from stress-strain response. The extent of prior plastic
deformation in the post-yield region influenced the slopes of
temperature response during tensile loading. Partial unloading and
reloading of specimens post-yield results in change in slope in elastic
and plastic regions of composite specimens.
[1] Dunn SA, "Separation of strain components in composite materials from
thermoelastic temperature measurements", J. Appl. Mech. 60, 443-448,
1991.
[2] EI-Hajjar RF and Haj-Ali RM, "Aquantitative thermoelastic stress
analysis method for pultruded composites", Comp. Sci. and
Tech.63.967-978, 2003.
[3] Lee HT and Chen JC, "Temperature effect induced by uniaxial tensile
loading", J.Mater.Science, 26, 5685-5692, 1991.
[4] Lindhagen JE and Berglund L A, "Temperature changes in polymer
composites during tensile loading"J.Mater.Science.32, 4071-4076, 1997.
[5] Zhang D, Enke NF and Sandor BI, "Thermographic stress analysis of
composite materials", Exp.Mech.68-73, 1990.
[6] Dunn SA, "Analysis of thermal conduction effects on thermoelastic
temperature measurements for composite materials", J.Appl.Mech.60,
443-448,1991
[7] Patil.P. Thiyagarajan K, Prakash VP and Balasubramaniam K, "Damage
characterization in SS 304 due to monotonic loading using infrared
thermography", Int.J Adv.Manuf.Technol.special issue,2008.
[8] Bakis CE and Reifsnider KL, "The adiabatic thermoelastic effect in
laminated fiber composites", J.Compos.Mater.25, 809-30, 1991.
[9] Wong AK, "A non-adiabatic thermoelastic theory for composite
laminates", J Phys Chem Solid, 52,483-94, 1991.
[10] Cunningham PR, Dalieu-Barton JM, Dutton AG and Shenoi RA, "The
effect of ply lay-up on the thermoelastic response of laminated
composites", Key Eng Mater, 221-222,325-36, 2002.
[11] Emery TR, Dalieu-Barton JM, Earl JS and Cunningham PR,"A
generalised approach to the calibration of orthotropic materials for
thermoelastic stress analysis ", Comp Sci Technol, 63(7),967-78,2003.
[12] Tsai SW, "Strength characteristics of composite materials", NASA CR-
224, April 1965.
[13] Chung K and Ryou H, "Development of viscoelastic/rate-sensitiveplastic
constitutive law for fiber-reinforced composites and its
applications. Part 1: Theory and material characterization", Comp. Sci.
tech.69, 284-291, 2009.
[14] Heubert H, Schulte K and Harig, "Composite materials: Testing and
design",Vol.9,edited by S.P.Garbo (ASTM-STP 0066-1058;1059) p.435
[15] Toubal L, Karama M and Lorrain B, "Damage Evolution and Infrared
Thermography in Woven Composite Laminates Under Fatigue Loading",
Int. J. of Fatigue, Vol. 28, 2006 p. 1867 - 1872
[1] Dunn SA, "Separation of strain components in composite materials from
thermoelastic temperature measurements", J. Appl. Mech. 60, 443-448,
1991.
[2] EI-Hajjar RF and Haj-Ali RM, "Aquantitative thermoelastic stress
analysis method for pultruded composites", Comp. Sci. and
Tech.63.967-978, 2003.
[3] Lee HT and Chen JC, "Temperature effect induced by uniaxial tensile
loading", J.Mater.Science, 26, 5685-5692, 1991.
[4] Lindhagen JE and Berglund L A, "Temperature changes in polymer
composites during tensile loading"J.Mater.Science.32, 4071-4076, 1997.
[5] Zhang D, Enke NF and Sandor BI, "Thermographic stress analysis of
composite materials", Exp.Mech.68-73, 1990.
[6] Dunn SA, "Analysis of thermal conduction effects on thermoelastic
temperature measurements for composite materials", J.Appl.Mech.60,
443-448,1991
[7] Patil.P. Thiyagarajan K, Prakash VP and Balasubramaniam K, "Damage
characterization in SS 304 due to monotonic loading using infrared
thermography", Int.J Adv.Manuf.Technol.special issue,2008.
[8] Bakis CE and Reifsnider KL, "The adiabatic thermoelastic effect in
laminated fiber composites", J.Compos.Mater.25, 809-30, 1991.
[9] Wong AK, "A non-adiabatic thermoelastic theory for composite
laminates", J Phys Chem Solid, 52,483-94, 1991.
[10] Cunningham PR, Dalieu-Barton JM, Dutton AG and Shenoi RA, "The
effect of ply lay-up on the thermoelastic response of laminated
composites", Key Eng Mater, 221-222,325-36, 2002.
[11] Emery TR, Dalieu-Barton JM, Earl JS and Cunningham PR,"A
generalised approach to the calibration of orthotropic materials for
thermoelastic stress analysis ", Comp Sci Technol, 63(7),967-78,2003.
[12] Tsai SW, "Strength characteristics of composite materials", NASA CR-
224, April 1965.
[13] Chung K and Ryou H, "Development of viscoelastic/rate-sensitiveplastic
constitutive law for fiber-reinforced composites and its
applications. Part 1: Theory and material characterization", Comp. Sci.
tech.69, 284-291, 2009.
[14] Heubert H, Schulte K and Harig, "Composite materials: Testing and
design",Vol.9,edited by S.P.Garbo (ASTM-STP 0066-1058;1059) p.435
[15] Toubal L, Karama M and Lorrain B, "Damage Evolution and Infrared
Thermography in Woven Composite Laminates Under Fatigue Loading",
Int. J. of Fatigue, Vol. 28, 2006 p. 1867 - 1872
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:62644", author = "K. M. Mohamed Muneer and Raghu V. Prakash and Krishnan Balasubramaniam", title = "Thermomechanical Studies in Glass/Epoxy Composite Specimen during Tensile Loading", abstract = "This paper presents the results of thermo-mechanical
characterization of Glass/Epoxy composite specimens using Infrared
Thermography technique. The specimens used for the study were
fabricated in-house with three different lay-up sequences and tested
on a servo hydraulic machine under uni-axial loading. Infrared
Camera was used for on-line monitoring surface temperature changes
of composite specimens during tensile deformation.
Experimental results showed that thermomechanical
characteristics of each type of specimens were distinct. Temperature
was found to be decreasing linearly with increasing tensile stress in
the elastic region due to thermo-elastic effect. Yield point could be
observed by monitoring the change in temperature profile during
tensile testing and this value could be correlated with the results
obtained from stress-strain response. The extent of prior plastic
deformation in the post-yield region influenced the slopes of
temperature response during tensile loading. Partial unloading and
reloading of specimens post-yield results in change in slope in elastic
and plastic regions of composite specimens.", keywords = "Glass/Epoxy composites, Thermomechanical
behavior, Infrared Thermography, Thermoelastic slope,
Thermoplastic slope.", volume = "3", number = "8", pages = "1000-8", }