The Relationship between Employability and Training
The aim of this paper is to provide an empirical
evidence about the effects that the management of continuous
training have on employability (or employment stability) in the
Spanish labour market. With this purpose a binary logit model with
interaction effect is been used. The dependent variable includes two
situations of the active workers: continuous and discontinuous
employability. To distinguish between them an Employability Index
Stability (ESI) was calculated taking into account two factors: time
worked and job security. Various aspects of the continuous training
and personal workers data are used as independent variables. The
data obtained from a survey of a sample of 918 employed have
revealed a relationship between the likelihood of continuous
employability and continuous training received. The empirical results
support the positive and significant relationship between various
aspects of the training provided by firms and employability
likelihood of the workers, postulate alike from a theoretical point of
view.
[1] D B.,William, H.R. de Meritt, E. Justin, "Testing for Interaction in
Binary Logit and Probit Models: Is a Product Term Essential?"
American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 54, nº. 1, January 2010, pp.
248-266.
[2] D. N., Gujarati Econometría, 1997. Editorial Mc Graw-Hill.
[3] D. W., Hosmer S., Lemeshow Applied Logistic Regression. 1989. NY:
John Wiley Sons, Inc.
[4] Y. Ganzach, I. Saporta, Y. Weber, "An Interaction in Linear Versus
Logistic Models: A Substantive Illustration Using the Relationship
Between Motivation, Ability, and Performance", Organizational
Research Methods, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2000, pp. 237-253.
[5] M. N. Mitchell, X. Chen, "Visualizing main effects and interactions for
binary logit models. The Stata Journal, 2005, Vol. 5, nº 1, pp. 64-82.
[6] C. Ai, E. Norton, "Interaction Terms in Logit and Probit Models,"
Economics Letters, 80, 2003, pp. 123-129.
[7] W. Greene, Econometric Analysis, 6th Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, NJ, 2008.
[8] C., Abellan, F. Felgueroso,. Formaci├│n no reglada y productividad
Presupuesto y Gasto P├║blico, 2005, 39, pp. 73-101.
[9] A. Alba-Ramírez, Formal training, temporary contracts, productivity and
wages in Spain, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 1994, 56
(2), pp. 151-170.
[10] C. Amuedo, Work Safety in the Context of Temporary Employment:
The Spanish Experience, Industrial and Labour Relations Review, 2002,
55/2, pp. 262-285.
[11] A. Alba-Ramírez, M. Tugores, Training and transitions out of
employment in Spain, 2000, Working paper in Economics No 00-06
(01), University Carlos III, Madrid.
[12] A. Bartel, Measuring the Employer-s on investments in training:
evidence from the literature, Industrial Relations, 2000, Vol. 39, nº3, pp.
502-524.
[13] FTFE (Fundaci├│n Tripartita para la Formaci├│n y Empleo), (2005).
www.ftfe.es
[14] S.M. Jacoby, Are Career Jobs Headed for Extinction?, California
Management Review, 1999, Vol., 42, nº1, pp. 123-145.
[15] X., Mamaqi, J. Miguel, (2009) El impacto de formaci├│n en la estabilidad
laboral. En actas del XIII Congreso de Economía Laboral, Julio,
Zaragoza, Espa├▒a. Available at
http://www.unizar.es/centros/fccee/doc/jornadas_economia/ponencias/1
_1_Mamaqi-Miguel.pdf (accessed 9 July 2010)
[16] X., Mamaqi, J Miguel,. The professional profile of the Spanish trainers
in continuous training . Electronic Journal of Educational Research,
Assessment and Evaluation (RELIEVE), 2011 Vol. 17, nº 1, art. 2,
Available at http://www.uv.es/RELIEVE/v17n1/RELIEVEv17n1_2.htm
(accessed 20 April 2011)
[17] X. Mamaqi, J. Miguel, P.Olave, Evaluation of the importance of
professional competences: the case of Spanish trainers. On the horizon.
New normal education, 2011, Vol 19, nº3. In press.
[18] X. Mamaqi, The impact of training on the firms result. Paper presented
in IX Jornadas de Economia Laboral, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,
2011.
[19] Pruijt, H., Dérogée, P. (2010) Employability and job security, friends or
foes? The paradoxical reception of employacurity in the Netherlands,
Socio Economic Review,Vol. 8 nº3, 437-460.
[20] M. Tugores, A Alba-Ramírez,. Estudio miroeconómico de la formación
continua en España: 1992-2002, Economía Industrial, (2002) pp.348.
77-94.
[21] Ottersten P., (1996), Modelizaci├│n te├│rica de los efectos de formaci├│n.
Industrial Relation, Vol. 33, pp. 425-445.
[22] Peraita, C. (), "Características de la formación de la empresa española".
Papeles de Economía Española, 2000, Vol. 86, pp. 295-307ç
[23] Wade, P., 1994. Measuring the Impact of Training. Londres: Kogan
Page.
[24] Loewenstein, M., A, Spletzer, J., R. (1999), General and specific
training: Evidence and implications. Journal of Human Resources,
34(4), 710-733.
[25] Becker, G. S. (1964), Human Capital. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
[1] D B.,William, H.R. de Meritt, E. Justin, "Testing for Interaction in
Binary Logit and Probit Models: Is a Product Term Essential?"
American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 54, nº. 1, January 2010, pp.
248-266.
[2] D. N., Gujarati Econometría, 1997. Editorial Mc Graw-Hill.
[3] D. W., Hosmer S., Lemeshow Applied Logistic Regression. 1989. NY:
John Wiley Sons, Inc.
[4] Y. Ganzach, I. Saporta, Y. Weber, "An Interaction in Linear Versus
Logistic Models: A Substantive Illustration Using the Relationship
Between Motivation, Ability, and Performance", Organizational
Research Methods, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2000, pp. 237-253.
[5] M. N. Mitchell, X. Chen, "Visualizing main effects and interactions for
binary logit models. The Stata Journal, 2005, Vol. 5, nº 1, pp. 64-82.
[6] C. Ai, E. Norton, "Interaction Terms in Logit and Probit Models,"
Economics Letters, 80, 2003, pp. 123-129.
[7] W. Greene, Econometric Analysis, 6th Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, NJ, 2008.
[8] C., Abellan, F. Felgueroso,. Formaci├│n no reglada y productividad
Presupuesto y Gasto P├║blico, 2005, 39, pp. 73-101.
[9] A. Alba-Ramírez, Formal training, temporary contracts, productivity and
wages in Spain, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 1994, 56
(2), pp. 151-170.
[10] C. Amuedo, Work Safety in the Context of Temporary Employment:
The Spanish Experience, Industrial and Labour Relations Review, 2002,
55/2, pp. 262-285.
[11] A. Alba-Ramírez, M. Tugores, Training and transitions out of
employment in Spain, 2000, Working paper in Economics No 00-06
(01), University Carlos III, Madrid.
[12] A. Bartel, Measuring the Employer-s on investments in training:
evidence from the literature, Industrial Relations, 2000, Vol. 39, nº3, pp.
502-524.
[13] FTFE (Fundaci├│n Tripartita para la Formaci├│n y Empleo), (2005).
www.ftfe.es
[14] S.M. Jacoby, Are Career Jobs Headed for Extinction?, California
Management Review, 1999, Vol., 42, nº1, pp. 123-145.
[15] X., Mamaqi, J. Miguel, (2009) El impacto de formaci├│n en la estabilidad
laboral. En actas del XIII Congreso de Economía Laboral, Julio,
Zaragoza, Espa├▒a. Available at
http://www.unizar.es/centros/fccee/doc/jornadas_economia/ponencias/1
_1_Mamaqi-Miguel.pdf (accessed 9 July 2010)
[16] X., Mamaqi, J Miguel,. The professional profile of the Spanish trainers
in continuous training . Electronic Journal of Educational Research,
Assessment and Evaluation (RELIEVE), 2011 Vol. 17, nº 1, art. 2,
Available at http://www.uv.es/RELIEVE/v17n1/RELIEVEv17n1_2.htm
(accessed 20 April 2011)
[17] X. Mamaqi, J. Miguel, P.Olave, Evaluation of the importance of
professional competences: the case of Spanish trainers. On the horizon.
New normal education, 2011, Vol 19, nº3. In press.
[18] X. Mamaqi, The impact of training on the firms result. Paper presented
in IX Jornadas de Economia Laboral, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,
2011.
[19] Pruijt, H., Dérogée, P. (2010) Employability and job security, friends or
foes? The paradoxical reception of employacurity in the Netherlands,
Socio Economic Review,Vol. 8 nº3, 437-460.
[20] M. Tugores, A Alba-Ramírez,. Estudio miroeconómico de la formación
continua en España: 1992-2002, Economía Industrial, (2002) pp.348.
77-94.
[21] Ottersten P., (1996), Modelizaci├│n te├│rica de los efectos de formaci├│n.
Industrial Relation, Vol. 33, pp. 425-445.
[22] Peraita, C. (), "Características de la formación de la empresa española".
Papeles de Economía Española, 2000, Vol. 86, pp. 295-307ç
[23] Wade, P., 1994. Measuring the Impact of Training. Londres: Kogan
Page.
[24] Loewenstein, M., A, Spletzer, J., R. (1999), General and specific
training: Evidence and implications. Journal of Human Resources,
34(4), 710-733.
[25] Becker, G. S. (1964), Human Capital. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:52652", author = "X. Mamaqi and J.Miguel and P. Olave", title = "The Relationship between Employability and Training", abstract = "The aim of this paper is to provide an empirical
evidence about the effects that the management of continuous
training have on employability (or employment stability) in the
Spanish labour market. With this purpose a binary logit model with
interaction effect is been used. The dependent variable includes two
situations of the active workers: continuous and discontinuous
employability. To distinguish between them an Employability Index
Stability (ESI) was calculated taking into account two factors: time
worked and job security. Various aspects of the continuous training
and personal workers data are used as independent variables. The
data obtained from a survey of a sample of 918 employed have
revealed a relationship between the likelihood of continuous
employability and continuous training received. The empirical results
support the positive and significant relationship between various
aspects of the training provided by firms and employability
likelihood of the workers, postulate alike from a theoretical point of
view.", keywords = "training management, employability/employmentstability, binary logit model, interaction effect, Spanish marketlabour.", volume = "5", number = "8", pages = "969-5", }
