The Malacca Empire: Sayings of Prophet Muhammad in Sulalat Al-Salatin
In the fifteenth century, the Malacca Empire emerged
as the centre of Islamic civilization in the Malay Archipelago. The
history had been recorded in Sulalat Al-Salatin, an important literary
source about the genealogy of all Kings in Malacca. The objective of
this study was to analyze the understanding of sayings from Prophet
Muhammad among Malays in Malacca during the fifteenth century
through all of the hadith quoted in Sulalat Al-Salatin. This study used
content analysis methodology to validate the sayings where all of
them were critically analyzed and compared with the classical hadith
sources from prominent Muslim scholars. As a result, only two out of
the four quotations were considered as authentic sayings of Prophet
Muhammad. This study also showed the importance of the palace as
the centre of the Islamic education system and the role played by
Muslim preachers from outside of Malacca to propagate Islam in
Malacca.
[1] Journal of the Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 3, part 1, pp.
10-52, 1925.
[2] C. C. Brown, Malay Annals. Selangor: The Malaysian Branch of the
Royal Asiatic Society, 2009.
[3] J. Leyden, Malay Annals. Selangor: The Malaysian Branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society, 2009.
[4] W. G. Shellabear, Sejarah Melayu. Shah Alam: Penerbit Fajar Bakti,1995.
[5] A. R. H. Ismail, Sejarah Melayu. Selangor: The Malaysian Branch of
the Royal Asiatic Society, 2009.
[6] Journal of the Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic
Society, vol. 16, part 3, pp. 27-34, 1938.
[7] R. O. Windsted, A History of Classical Malay Literature. Selangor:
Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1996.
[8] ¶ÇǪ¶ÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇѶÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ«¶Çüï¶Çüê¶Çüæ¶Çüè¶ÇÇŶÇÇâ¶Çé│¶ÇÇñ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇö¶ÇÇÜth century drawing and description of Raja Bongsu,
the owner of MS. Raffles No.18 of the Sejarah Melayu in Malay
¶ÇÇñ¶Çüæ¶Çüæ¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüû¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâ ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇÇâ Malay Annals, C. C. Brown, Selangor: The Malaysian
Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2009, pp. 1-3.
[9] A. S. Ahmad, Sulalatus Salatin. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka, 1979.
[10] ¶ÇÇ╣¶ÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇÀ¶ÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇǬ¶Çüÿ¶Çüæ¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çüæ¶ÇÇŶÇÇâ¶Çé│¶ÇǬ¶Çüê¶Çüæ¶Çüê¶Çüû¶Çüî¶Çüû¶ÇÇâ¶Çüä¶Çüÿ¶Çüù¶ÇüƶÇüè¶Çüò¶Çüä¶Çüë¶ÇÇâ¶ÇǶÇüê¶Çüì¶Çüä¶Çüò¶Çüä¶Çüï¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ░¶Çüê¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çü£¶Çüÿ¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâ Jebat, vol. 26, pp.
101-119, 1999.
[11] R. ¶ÇÇÁ¶ÇüƶÇüƶÇüŶÇüÖ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇüĶÇÇŶÇÇâ¶Çé│¶ÇÇÀ¶Çüï¶Çüê¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüÖ¶Çüä¶Çüò¶Çüî¶Çüä¶Çüæ¶Çüù¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüÖ¶Çüê¶Çüò¶Çüû¶Çüî¶ÇüƶÇüæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüƶÇüë¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ░¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çü£¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇñ¶Çüæ¶Çüæ¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüû¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâBijdragen tot de
Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 123, no. 3, pp. 301-324, 1967. Manuscripta Orientalia, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 58-64, 2006.
[13] V. I. Braginsky, The System of Classical Malay Literature. Leiden:
KITLV Press, 1993.
[14] ¶ÇÇÁ¶ÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ ¶ÇÇÁ¶ÇüƶÇüƶÇüŶÇüÖ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇüĶÇÇŶÇÇâ ¶ÇÇâ ¶Çé│¶ÇÇ®¶Çüî¶ÇüÖ¶Çüê-¶ÇüŶÇüî¶Çüæ¶Çüê¶ÇÇâ ¶Çüû¶ÇüƶÇüæ¶Çüè¶Çüû¶ÇÇâ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇÇâ¶Çüù¶Çüï¶Çüê¶ÇÇâ¶ÇǶÇüê¶Çüì¶Çüä¶Çüò¶Çüä¶Çüï¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ░¶Çüê¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çü£¶Çüÿ¶ÇÇó¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâ Bijdragen tot
de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 122, no. 4, pp. 455-457, 1966.
[15] Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en
Volkenkunde 132, no. 2/3, pp. 351-351, 1976.
[16] K. S. Kang, Gaya Bahasa Sejarah Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1995.
[17] A. Savarimuthu, Ayat Majmuk Dalam Sejarah Melayu. Kuala Lumpur:
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1992.
[18] M. Rajantheran, Sejarah Melayu : Kesan Hubungan Kebudayaan
Melayu dan India. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1999.
[19] H. Chambert-Loir¶ÇÇŶÇÇâ Indonesia, vol. 79, pp. 131-160, 2005.
[20] Abdur-Rahman M. A., M. R. T. L. Abdullah, and R. A. I. R. Yaacob,
¶Çé│¶ÇÇÀ¶Çüï¶Çüê¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ░¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çü£¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüܶÇüƶÇüò¶ÇüŶÇüç¶ÇÇضÇÇâ¶Çüä¶Çüæ¶ÇÇâ¶Çüä¶Çüæ¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇü£¶Çüû¶Çüî¶Çüû¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüƶÇüë¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ┤¶Çüÿ¶Çüò¶Çüä¶Çüæ¶Çüî¶Çüå¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüÖ¶Çüê¶Çüò¶Çüû¶Çüê¶Çüû¶ÇÇâ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇǶÇüÿ¶ÇüŶÇüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çüù¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇñ¶ÇüÅ-¶ÇǶÇüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çüù¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâ
in 2011 International Conference on Social Sciences and Society,
Shanghai, 2011, vol. 1, pp. 318-323.
[21] M. M. al-Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature. Kuala
Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 2002.
[22] I. Kathir, Tafsir al-Quran a Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rushd, 2001.
[23] Al-Tirmizi, Sunan al-Tirmizi, Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1999.
[24] Al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, 1999.
[25] Muslim, Sahih Muslim. Lubnan: Dar Ihya` al-Turath al-
[26] A. Dawud, Sunan Abi Dawud. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, 1999.
[27] Al-Daruqutni, Sunan al-Daruqutni. Beirut: Dar al-
[28] Al-Albani, Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Sahihah. Riyadh: Maktabah al-
[1] Journal of the Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 3, part 1, pp.
10-52, 1925.
[2] C. C. Brown, Malay Annals. Selangor: The Malaysian Branch of the
Royal Asiatic Society, 2009.
[3] J. Leyden, Malay Annals. Selangor: The Malaysian Branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society, 2009.
[4] W. G. Shellabear, Sejarah Melayu. Shah Alam: Penerbit Fajar Bakti,1995.
[5] A. R. H. Ismail, Sejarah Melayu. Selangor: The Malaysian Branch of
the Royal Asiatic Society, 2009.
[6] Journal of the Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic
Society, vol. 16, part 3, pp. 27-34, 1938.
[7] R. O. Windsted, A History of Classical Malay Literature. Selangor:
Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1996.
[8] ¶ÇǪ¶ÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇѶÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ«¶Çüï¶Çüê¶Çüæ¶Çüè¶ÇÇŶÇÇâ¶Çé│¶ÇÇñ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇö¶ÇÇÜth century drawing and description of Raja Bongsu,
the owner of MS. Raffles No.18 of the Sejarah Melayu in Malay
¶ÇÇñ¶Çüæ¶Çüæ¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüû¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâ ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇÇâ Malay Annals, C. C. Brown, Selangor: The Malaysian
Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2009, pp. 1-3.
[9] A. S. Ahmad, Sulalatus Salatin. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka, 1979.
[10] ¶ÇÇ╣¶ÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇÀ¶ÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇǬ¶Çüÿ¶Çüæ¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çüæ¶ÇÇŶÇÇâ¶Çé│¶ÇǬ¶Çüê¶Çüæ¶Çüê¶Çüû¶Çüî¶Çüû¶ÇÇâ¶Çüä¶Çüÿ¶Çüù¶ÇüƶÇüè¶Çüò¶Çüä¶Çüë¶ÇÇâ¶ÇǶÇüê¶Çüì¶Çüä¶Çüò¶Çüä¶Çüï¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ░¶Çüê¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çü£¶Çüÿ¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâ Jebat, vol. 26, pp.
101-119, 1999.
[11] R. ¶ÇÇÁ¶ÇüƶÇüƶÇüŶÇüÖ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇüĶÇÇŶÇÇâ¶Çé│¶ÇÇÀ¶Çüï¶Çüê¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüÖ¶Çüä¶Çüò¶Çüî¶Çüä¶Çüæ¶Çüù¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüÖ¶Çüê¶Çüò¶Çüû¶Çüî¶ÇüƶÇüæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüƶÇüë¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ░¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çü£¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇñ¶Çüæ¶Çüæ¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüû¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâBijdragen tot de
Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 123, no. 3, pp. 301-324, 1967. Manuscripta Orientalia, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 58-64, 2006.
[13] V. I. Braginsky, The System of Classical Malay Literature. Leiden:
KITLV Press, 1993.
[14] ¶ÇÇÁ¶ÇÇæ¶ÇÇâ ¶ÇÇÁ¶ÇüƶÇüƶÇüŶÇüÖ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇüĶÇÇŶÇÇâ ¶ÇÇâ ¶Çé│¶ÇÇ®¶Çüî¶ÇüÖ¶Çüê-¶ÇüŶÇüî¶Çüæ¶Çüê¶ÇÇâ ¶Çüû¶ÇüƶÇüæ¶Çüè¶Çüû¶ÇÇâ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇÇâ¶Çüù¶Çüï¶Çüê¶ÇÇâ¶ÇǶÇüê¶Çüì¶Çüä¶Çüò¶Çüä¶Çüï¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ░¶Çüê¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çü£¶Çüÿ¶ÇÇó¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâ Bijdragen tot
de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 122, no. 4, pp. 455-457, 1966.
[15] Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en
Volkenkunde 132, no. 2/3, pp. 351-351, 1976.
[16] K. S. Kang, Gaya Bahasa Sejarah Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1995.
[17] A. Savarimuthu, Ayat Majmuk Dalam Sejarah Melayu. Kuala Lumpur:
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1992.
[18] M. Rajantheran, Sejarah Melayu : Kesan Hubungan Kebudayaan
Melayu dan India. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1999.
[19] H. Chambert-Loir¶ÇÇŶÇÇâ Indonesia, vol. 79, pp. 131-160, 2005.
[20] Abdur-Rahman M. A., M. R. T. L. Abdullah, and R. A. I. R. Yaacob,
¶Çé│¶ÇÇÀ¶Çüï¶Çüê¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ░¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çü£¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüܶÇüƶÇüò¶ÇüŶÇüç¶ÇÇضÇÇâ¶Çüä¶Çüæ¶ÇÇâ¶Çüä¶Çüæ¶Çüä¶ÇüŶÇü£¶Çüû¶Çüî¶Çüû¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüƶÇüë¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇ┤¶Çüÿ¶Çüò¶Çüä¶Çüæ¶Çüî¶Çüå¶ÇÇâ¶ÇüÖ¶Çüê¶Çüò¶Çüû¶Çüê¶Çüû¶ÇÇâ¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇÇâ¶ÇǶÇüÿ¶ÇüŶÇüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çüù¶ÇÇâ¶ÇÇñ¶ÇüÅ-¶ÇǶÇüä¶ÇüŶÇüä¶Çüù¶Çüî¶Çüæ¶ÇÇŶÇé┤¶ÇÇâ
in 2011 International Conference on Social Sciences and Society,
Shanghai, 2011, vol. 1, pp. 318-323.
[21] M. M. al-Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature. Kuala
Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 2002.
[22] I. Kathir, Tafsir al-Quran a Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rushd, 2001.
[23] Al-Tirmizi, Sunan al-Tirmizi, Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1999.
[24] Al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, 1999.
[25] Muslim, Sahih Muslim. Lubnan: Dar Ihya` al-Turath al-
[26] A. Dawud, Sunan Abi Dawud. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, 1999.
[27] Al-Daruqutni, Sunan al-Daruqutni. Beirut: Dar al-
[28] Al-Albani, Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Sahihah. Riyadh: Maktabah al-
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:59753", author = "Abdur-Rahman M. A. and R. M. Mohd. Ali and R. A. I. R. Yaacob.", title = "The Malacca Empire: Sayings of Prophet Muhammad in Sulalat Al-Salatin", abstract = "In the fifteenth century, the Malacca Empire emerged
as the centre of Islamic civilization in the Malay Archipelago. The
history had been recorded in Sulalat Al-Salatin, an important literary
source about the genealogy of all Kings in Malacca. The objective of
this study was to analyze the understanding of sayings from Prophet
Muhammad among Malays in Malacca during the fifteenth century
through all of the hadith quoted in Sulalat Al-Salatin. This study used
content analysis methodology to validate the sayings where all of
them were critically analyzed and compared with the classical hadith
sources from prominent Muslim scholars. As a result, only two out of
the four quotations were considered as authentic sayings of Prophet
Muhammad. This study also showed the importance of the palace as
the centre of the Islamic education system and the role played by
Muslim preachers from outside of Malacca to propagate Islam in
Malacca.", keywords = "Hadith in Malay Annals, Malay Annals, SejarahMelayu, Sulalat Al-Salatin.", volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "607-4", }
