The Code-Mixing of Japanese, English and Thai in Line Chat
Code- mixing in spontaneous speech has been widely
discussed, but not in virtual situations; especially in context of the
third language learning students. Thus, this study is an attempt to
explore the linguistic characteristics of the mixing of Japanese,
English and Thai in a mobile Line chat room by students with their
background of English as L2, Japanese as L3 and Thai as mother
tongue. The result found that insertion of Thai content words is a very
common linguistic phenomenon embedded with the other two
languages in the sentences. As chatting is to be ‘relational’ or
‘interactional’, it affected the style of lexical choices to be speech-like,
more personal and emotionally-related. A personal pronoun in
Japanese is often mixed into the sentences. The Japanese
sentence-final question particle か “ka” was added to the end of the
sentence based on Thai grammar rules. Some unique characteristics
were created while chatting.
[1] Crystal, David, Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
[2] Steven, Millward, Thailand Now has 18 Million Social Media Users
(INFOGRAPHIC), 2013. http://www.techinasia.com/thailand-18-
million-social-media-users-in-2013/
[3] Maynor, N, The language of electronic mail: Written speech. In G. D.
Little & M.Montgomery (Eds). Centennial Usage Studies, 78 (pp. 48-54),
Tuscaloosa: The American Dialect Society,1994.
[4] Huffaker, David A. and Sandra L. Calvert, Gender, identity, and language
use in teenage blogs. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
10:2, 2005. http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue2/huffaker.html Accessed
23 February 2006.
[5] James, G. July, Cantonese Particles in Hong Kong students’ English
e-mails. In English Today 3 (67): 9:16. United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
[6] Poole, Christopher, The article of BBC “How the internet is changing
language“by Zoe Kleinman, 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/
technology-10971949
[7] Clyne, M. G, Community Languages: The Australian Experience:
Cambridge ge University Press, 1991.
[8] Wei, L, The ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions in the analysis of conversational
code switching. In P. Auer (Ed.), Code switching in conversation:
Language, interaction and identity (pp. 156–176). London, UK:
Routledge, 1998.
[9] Torres, L, Code-mixing and borrowing in New York Puerto Rican
community: A cross-generational study. World Englishes 8,419-22, 1989.
[10] Muysken, P,Bilingual Speech: A Typolog of Code-mixing. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2000.
[11] Dulay, H., M. Burt, and S. Krashen, “The Role of the First Language.” In
Language Two. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 115›117, 1982.
[12] Chen, Su-Chao, “Code-switching as a Verbal Strategy among Chinese in
a Campus Setting in Taiwan.” World Englishes, 15(3): 267-280,1996.
[13] Poplack, S, "Sometimes I'll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en
espaniol": Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics i8:58i--6i8,
1980.
[14] Chen, Su-Chao, Ibid.
[15] Poplack, S, Ibid.
[16] Jiraporn Yiamkhamnuan, The Mixing of Thai and English:
Communicative Strategies in Internet Chat Rooms. Kasetsart J. (Soc. Sci)
32 : 478 - 492 ,2011
[17] Holmes, J, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Longman,
1992.
[18] Jiraporn Yiamkhamnuan, Ibid.
[19] Chen, Su-Chao, Ibid.
[20] Poplack,s, Ibid.
[21] Muysken, P,Ibid.
[1] Crystal, David, Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
[2] Steven, Millward, Thailand Now has 18 Million Social Media Users
(INFOGRAPHIC), 2013. http://www.techinasia.com/thailand-18-
million-social-media-users-in-2013/
[3] Maynor, N, The language of electronic mail: Written speech. In G. D.
Little & M.Montgomery (Eds). Centennial Usage Studies, 78 (pp. 48-54),
Tuscaloosa: The American Dialect Society,1994.
[4] Huffaker, David A. and Sandra L. Calvert, Gender, identity, and language
use in teenage blogs. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
10:2, 2005. http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue2/huffaker.html Accessed
23 February 2006.
[5] James, G. July, Cantonese Particles in Hong Kong students’ English
e-mails. In English Today 3 (67): 9:16. United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
[6] Poole, Christopher, The article of BBC “How the internet is changing
language“by Zoe Kleinman, 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/
technology-10971949
[7] Clyne, M. G, Community Languages: The Australian Experience:
Cambridge ge University Press, 1991.
[8] Wei, L, The ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions in the analysis of conversational
code switching. In P. Auer (Ed.), Code switching in conversation:
Language, interaction and identity (pp. 156–176). London, UK:
Routledge, 1998.
[9] Torres, L, Code-mixing and borrowing in New York Puerto Rican
community: A cross-generational study. World Englishes 8,419-22, 1989.
[10] Muysken, P,Bilingual Speech: A Typolog of Code-mixing. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2000.
[11] Dulay, H., M. Burt, and S. Krashen, “The Role of the First Language.” In
Language Two. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 115›117, 1982.
[12] Chen, Su-Chao, “Code-switching as a Verbal Strategy among Chinese in
a Campus Setting in Taiwan.” World Englishes, 15(3): 267-280,1996.
[13] Poplack, S, "Sometimes I'll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en
espaniol": Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics i8:58i--6i8,
1980.
[14] Chen, Su-Chao, Ibid.
[15] Poplack, S, Ibid.
[16] Jiraporn Yiamkhamnuan, The Mixing of Thai and English:
Communicative Strategies in Internet Chat Rooms. Kasetsart J. (Soc. Sci)
32 : 478 - 492 ,2011
[17] Holmes, J, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Longman,
1992.
[18] Jiraporn Yiamkhamnuan, Ibid.
[19] Chen, Su-Chao, Ibid.
[20] Poplack,s, Ibid.
[21] Muysken, P,Ibid.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:68980", author = "Premvadee Na Nakornpanom", title = "The Code-Mixing of Japanese, English and Thai in Line Chat", abstract = "Code- mixing in spontaneous speech has been widely
discussed, but not in virtual situations; especially in context of the
third language learning students. Thus, this study is an attempt to
explore the linguistic characteristics of the mixing of Japanese,
English and Thai in a mobile Line chat room by students with their
background of English as L2, Japanese as L3 and Thai as mother
tongue. The result found that insertion of Thai content words is a very
common linguistic phenomenon embedded with the other two
languages in the sentences. As chatting is to be ‘relational’ or
‘interactional’, it affected the style of lexical choices to be speech-like,
more personal and emotionally-related. A personal pronoun in
Japanese is often mixed into the sentences. The Japanese
sentence-final question particle か “ka” was added to the end of the
sentence based on Thai grammar rules. Some unique characteristics
were created while chatting.
", keywords = "Code-mixing, Japanese, English, Thai, Line chat.", volume = "9", number = "2", pages = "478-4", }
