The Analysis of Two-Phase Jet in Pneumatic Powder Injection into Liquid Alloys
The results of the two-phase gas-solid jet in pneumatic
powder injection process analysis were presented in the paper. The
researches were conducted on model set-up with high speed camera
jet movement recording. Then the recorded material was analyzed to
estimate main particles movement parameters. The values obtained
from this direct measurement were compared to those calculated with
the use of the well-known formulas for the two-phase flows
(pneumatic conveying). Moreover, they were compared to
experimental results previously achieved by authors. The analysis led
to conclusions which to some extent changed the assumptions used
even by authors, regarding the two-phase jet in pneumatic powder
injection process. Additionally, the visual analysis of the recorded
clips supplied data to make a more complete evaluation of the jet
behavior in the lance outlet than before.
[1] Holtzer, M., Niesler, M., Podrzucki, C., & Rupniewski, M. (2006).
Using cupola for recycling foundry dusts. Archives of Foundry, Vol. 6,
No. 20, pp. 111-121, ISSN 1897-3310
[2] Senk D., Gudenau H. W., Geimer S., Gorbunowa E. (2006) ÔÇÿDust
Injection in Iron and Steel Metallurgy- ISIJ International, Vol. 46, No.
12, pp. 1745-1751.
[3] L. I. Leont-ev et al. (2007) ÔÇÿPneumatic transportation systems at
metallurgical enterprises- Steel in Translation, Vol. 37, No. 12, pp.
1042-1046.
[4] Janerka, K. (2010). The recarburization of the ferrous alloys, Silesian
University of Technology, ISBN 978-83-7335-704-4, Gliwice, Poland.
[5] Jezierski, J., Janerka, K., & Szajnar, J. (2006). Powder injection into
liquid alloys as a tool for its quality improving. Archives of Foundry,
Vol. 6, No. 18, pp. 535-540, ISSN 1897-3310.
[6] Jezierski, J., Jura, S., Janerka, K. (2001). Pneumatic injection of FeCr
into liquid cast iron. Archives of Foundry, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2/2), ISSN
1897-3310.
[7] Jezierski, J., Jura, S., Janerka, K. (2001). Pneumatic injection of FeSi
into the liquid cast iron. Archives of Foundry, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1/2), pp.
45-50, ISSN 1897-3310.
[8] Scheepers, E., Eksteen, J.J., Aldrich, C. (2006). Optimization of the
lance injection desulphurization of molten iron using dynamic modeling.
Minerals Engineering, Vol. 19, pp. 1163-1173.
[9] Jezierski, J., & Janerka, K. (2008). Pneumatic powder injection
technique as a tool for waste utilization. International Journal of
Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 636-646, ISSN
1478-9876.
[10] Limmaneevichitr, C., Eidhed, W. (2003). Novel technique for grain
refinement in aluminum casting by Al-Ti-B powder injection. Materials
Science and Engineering, Vol. A355, pp.174-179.
[11] Kosowski, A. (1982). The kinetics of the cast iron recarburization in
induction furnace, Foundry Review, No. 1-3, (January-March, 1982), pp.
11-14, ISSN 0033-2275.
[12] Janerka, K., Gawronski, J., & Jezierski, J. (2004). The diphase stream
surface in the powder injection process. Archives of Foundry, No. 14,
pp. 189-196, ISSN 1897-3310.
[13] Engh, T.A., & Larsen, K.: (1979). Penetration of particle-gas jets into
liquids. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, No. 6, pp. 268-273, ISSN 0301-
9233.
[14] Farias, L.R., & Irons, G.A., (1986). A Multi-Phase Model for Plumes in
Powder Injection Refining Processes. Metallurgical Transactions B,
Vol. 17B, No. 4, (March, 1986), pp. 77-85, ISSN 1879-1395.
[15] Yan, F., Rinoshika, A. (2011). Application of high-speed PIV and image
processing to measuring particle velocity and concentration in a
horizontal pneumatic conveying with dune model. Powder Technology,
Vol. 208, pp. 158-165.
[16] Zheng, Y., Liu, Q. (2011). Review of techniques for the mass flow rate
measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids. Measurement, Vol. 44,
pp. 589-604.
[17] Jaworski, A.J., Dyakowski, T. (2007). Observations of ÔÇÿÔÇÿgranular jump--
in the pneumatic conveying system. Experimental Thermal and Fluid
Science, Vol. 31, pp. 877-885.
[18] Davies, T.W., Caretta, O., Densham, C.J., Woods, R. (2010). The
production and anatomy of a tungsten powder jet. Powder Technology,
Vol. 201, pp. 296-300.
[19] Jezierski, J., Szajnar, J. (2007). Character of diphase stream force in
powder injection technique. Journal of Achievements in Materials and
Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 20, iss. 1/2, pp. 455-458.
[20] Jezierski, J., Szajnar. (2007). Diphase stream force in pneumatic powder
injection. International Journal of Computational Materials Sciences
and Surface Engineering, Vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 479-493.
[21] Jezierski, J., Szajnar. (2006). Method and new lance for powder
injection into liquid alloys. Journal of Achievements in Materials and
Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 17, iss. 1/2, pp. 349-352.
[22] Jezierski, J. (2003). Velocity of the ferroalloys particles influence on the
parameters of the pneumatic injection of alloy additions into liquid cast
iron. Archives of Foundry, vol. 3. No. 10, pp. 307-314.
[23] Pi─àtkiewicz, Z. (1999). Pneumatic conveying. Monograph, ISBN 83-
88000-80-2, Silesian University of Technology Publishing, Gliwice,
Poland, 280p.
[1] Holtzer, M., Niesler, M., Podrzucki, C., & Rupniewski, M. (2006).
Using cupola for recycling foundry dusts. Archives of Foundry, Vol. 6,
No. 20, pp. 111-121, ISSN 1897-3310
[2] Senk D., Gudenau H. W., Geimer S., Gorbunowa E. (2006) ÔÇÿDust
Injection in Iron and Steel Metallurgy- ISIJ International, Vol. 46, No.
12, pp. 1745-1751.
[3] L. I. Leont-ev et al. (2007) ÔÇÿPneumatic transportation systems at
metallurgical enterprises- Steel in Translation, Vol. 37, No. 12, pp.
1042-1046.
[4] Janerka, K. (2010). The recarburization of the ferrous alloys, Silesian
University of Technology, ISBN 978-83-7335-704-4, Gliwice, Poland.
[5] Jezierski, J., Janerka, K., & Szajnar, J. (2006). Powder injection into
liquid alloys as a tool for its quality improving. Archives of Foundry,
Vol. 6, No. 18, pp. 535-540, ISSN 1897-3310.
[6] Jezierski, J., Jura, S., Janerka, K. (2001). Pneumatic injection of FeCr
into liquid cast iron. Archives of Foundry, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2/2), ISSN
1897-3310.
[7] Jezierski, J., Jura, S., Janerka, K. (2001). Pneumatic injection of FeSi
into the liquid cast iron. Archives of Foundry, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1/2), pp.
45-50, ISSN 1897-3310.
[8] Scheepers, E., Eksteen, J.J., Aldrich, C. (2006). Optimization of the
lance injection desulphurization of molten iron using dynamic modeling.
Minerals Engineering, Vol. 19, pp. 1163-1173.
[9] Jezierski, J., & Janerka, K. (2008). Pneumatic powder injection
technique as a tool for waste utilization. International Journal of
Environment and Waste Management, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 636-646, ISSN
1478-9876.
[10] Limmaneevichitr, C., Eidhed, W. (2003). Novel technique for grain
refinement in aluminum casting by Al-Ti-B powder injection. Materials
Science and Engineering, Vol. A355, pp.174-179.
[11] Kosowski, A. (1982). The kinetics of the cast iron recarburization in
induction furnace, Foundry Review, No. 1-3, (January-March, 1982), pp.
11-14, ISSN 0033-2275.
[12] Janerka, K., Gawronski, J., & Jezierski, J. (2004). The diphase stream
surface in the powder injection process. Archives of Foundry, No. 14,
pp. 189-196, ISSN 1897-3310.
[13] Engh, T.A., & Larsen, K.: (1979). Penetration of particle-gas jets into
liquids. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, No. 6, pp. 268-273, ISSN 0301-
9233.
[14] Farias, L.R., & Irons, G.A., (1986). A Multi-Phase Model for Plumes in
Powder Injection Refining Processes. Metallurgical Transactions B,
Vol. 17B, No. 4, (March, 1986), pp. 77-85, ISSN 1879-1395.
[15] Yan, F., Rinoshika, A. (2011). Application of high-speed PIV and image
processing to measuring particle velocity and concentration in a
horizontal pneumatic conveying with dune model. Powder Technology,
Vol. 208, pp. 158-165.
[16] Zheng, Y., Liu, Q. (2011). Review of techniques for the mass flow rate
measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids. Measurement, Vol. 44,
pp. 589-604.
[17] Jaworski, A.J., Dyakowski, T. (2007). Observations of ÔÇÿÔÇÿgranular jump--
in the pneumatic conveying system. Experimental Thermal and Fluid
Science, Vol. 31, pp. 877-885.
[18] Davies, T.W., Caretta, O., Densham, C.J., Woods, R. (2010). The
production and anatomy of a tungsten powder jet. Powder Technology,
Vol. 201, pp. 296-300.
[19] Jezierski, J., Szajnar, J. (2007). Character of diphase stream force in
powder injection technique. Journal of Achievements in Materials and
Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 20, iss. 1/2, pp. 455-458.
[20] Jezierski, J., Szajnar. (2007). Diphase stream force in pneumatic powder
injection. International Journal of Computational Materials Sciences
and Surface Engineering, Vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 479-493.
[21] Jezierski, J., Szajnar. (2006). Method and new lance for powder
injection into liquid alloys. Journal of Achievements in Materials and
Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 17, iss. 1/2, pp. 349-352.
[22] Jezierski, J. (2003). Velocity of the ferroalloys particles influence on the
parameters of the pneumatic injection of alloy additions into liquid cast
iron. Archives of Foundry, vol. 3. No. 10, pp. 307-314.
[23] Pi─àtkiewicz, Z. (1999). Pneumatic conveying. Monograph, ISBN 83-
88000-80-2, Silesian University of Technology Publishing, Gliwice,
Poland, 280p.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:53038", author = "J. Jezierski and K. Janerka", title = "The Analysis of Two-Phase Jet in Pneumatic Powder Injection into Liquid Alloys", abstract = "The results of the two-phase gas-solid jet in pneumatic
powder injection process analysis were presented in the paper. The
researches were conducted on model set-up with high speed camera
jet movement recording. Then the recorded material was analyzed to
estimate main particles movement parameters. The values obtained
from this direct measurement were compared to those calculated with
the use of the well-known formulas for the two-phase flows
(pneumatic conveying). Moreover, they were compared to
experimental results previously achieved by authors. The analysis led
to conclusions which to some extent changed the assumptions used
even by authors, regarding the two-phase jet in pneumatic powder
injection process. Additionally, the visual analysis of the recorded
clips supplied data to make a more complete evaluation of the jet
behavior in the lance outlet than before.", keywords = "injection lance, liquid metal, powder injection, slip
velocity, two-phase jet", volume = "6", number = "8", pages = "686-6", }
