Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Dynamics in Motion of Pathogenic Spirochetes: Implications toward Virulence and Treatment of Leptospirosis
We apply a particle tracking technique to track the motion of individual pathogenic Leptospira. We observe and capture images of motile Leptospira by means of CCD and darkfield microscope. Image processing, statistical theories and simulations are used for data analysis. Based on trajectory patterns, mean square displacement, and power spectral density characteristics, we found that the motion modes are most likely to be directed motion mode (70%) and the rest are either normal diffusion or unidentified mode. Our findings may support the fact that why leptospires are very well efficient toward targeting internal tissues as a result of increase in virulence factor.
[1] A. R. Bharti, J. E. Nally, J. N. Ricaldi, M. A. Mathias, M. M. DiaZ, M.
A. Lovett, P.N. Levett, R. H. Gilman, M. R. Willig, E. Gotuzzo, J. M.
Vinetz, "Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance,"
Lancet Infect Dis, vol. 3, pp. 757-71, Dec 2003.
[2] N. W. Charon and S. F. Goldstein, "Genetics of motility and
chemotaxis of a fascinating group of bacteria: the spirochetes," Annu
Rev Genet, vol. 36, pp. 47-73, 2002.
[3] E. Canale-Parola, "Motility and chemotaxis of spirochetes," Annu Rev
Microbiol, vol. 32, pp. 69-99, 1978.
[4] H. C. Berg and L. Turner, "Movement of microorganisms in viscous
environments," Nature, vol. 278, pp. 349-51, Mar 22 1979.
[5] P. J. Cox and G. I. Twigg, "Leptospiral motility," Nature, vol. 250, pp.
260-1, Jul 19 1974.
[6] G. E. Kaiser and R. N. Doetsch, "Letter: Enhanced translational motion
of Leptospira in viscous environments," Nature, vol. 255, pp. 656-7,
Jun 19 1975.
[7] S. F. Goldstein and N. W. Charon "Invited review motility of the
spirochete Leptospira.Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton" 9:101-110,
1988
[8] S. F. Goldstein and N. W. Charon, "Multiple-exposure photographic
analysis of a motile spirochete," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 87, pp.
4895-9, Jul 1990.
[9] N. W. Charon, G. R. Daughtry, R. S. McCuskey, and G. N. Franz,
"Microcinematographic analysis of tethered Leptospira illini," J
Bacteriol, vol. 160, pp. 1067-73, Dec 1984.
[10] N. W. Charon, C. W. Lawrence, and S. O'Brien, "Movement of
antibody-coated latex beads attached to the spirochete Leptospira
interrogans," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 78, pp. 7166-70, Nov
1981.
[11] K. Ritchie, X. Y. Shan, J. Kondo, K. Iwasawa, T. Fujiwara, and A.
Kusumi.. "Detection of Non-Brownian Diffusion in the Cell Membrane
in Single Molecule Tracking" Biophys J . 88:2266¬-2277, 2005.
[12] M. J. Saxton, "Single-particle tracking: the distribution of diffusion
coefficients," Biophys J, vol. 72, pp. 1744-53, Apr 1997.
[13] M.J. Saxton and K. Jacobson.. Single-particle tracking: applications to
membrane dynamics. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 26:373-399.
1997
[14] H. Qian, M. P. Sheetz, and E. L. Elson, Single particle
tracking.Analysis of diffusion and flow in two-dimensional systems.
Biophys. J., 60:910-921,1991.
Fig. 2 The typical characteristic of directed motion obtained from
experiments: (TOP) the positional trajectory at each time, (MIDDLE)
MSD vs. time, (BOTTOM) PSD vs. frequency.
[1] A. R. Bharti, J. E. Nally, J. N. Ricaldi, M. A. Mathias, M. M. DiaZ, M.
A. Lovett, P.N. Levett, R. H. Gilman, M. R. Willig, E. Gotuzzo, J. M.
Vinetz, "Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance,"
Lancet Infect Dis, vol. 3, pp. 757-71, Dec 2003.
[2] N. W. Charon and S. F. Goldstein, "Genetics of motility and
chemotaxis of a fascinating group of bacteria: the spirochetes," Annu
Rev Genet, vol. 36, pp. 47-73, 2002.
[3] E. Canale-Parola, "Motility and chemotaxis of spirochetes," Annu Rev
Microbiol, vol. 32, pp. 69-99, 1978.
[4] H. C. Berg and L. Turner, "Movement of microorganisms in viscous
environments," Nature, vol. 278, pp. 349-51, Mar 22 1979.
[5] P. J. Cox and G. I. Twigg, "Leptospiral motility," Nature, vol. 250, pp.
260-1, Jul 19 1974.
[6] G. E. Kaiser and R. N. Doetsch, "Letter: Enhanced translational motion
of Leptospira in viscous environments," Nature, vol. 255, pp. 656-7,
Jun 19 1975.
[7] S. F. Goldstein and N. W. Charon "Invited review motility of the
spirochete Leptospira.Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton" 9:101-110,
1988
[8] S. F. Goldstein and N. W. Charon, "Multiple-exposure photographic
analysis of a motile spirochete," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 87, pp.
4895-9, Jul 1990.
[9] N. W. Charon, G. R. Daughtry, R. S. McCuskey, and G. N. Franz,
"Microcinematographic analysis of tethered Leptospira illini," J
Bacteriol, vol. 160, pp. 1067-73, Dec 1984.
[10] N. W. Charon, C. W. Lawrence, and S. O'Brien, "Movement of
antibody-coated latex beads attached to the spirochete Leptospira
interrogans," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 78, pp. 7166-70, Nov
1981.
[11] K. Ritchie, X. Y. Shan, J. Kondo, K. Iwasawa, T. Fujiwara, and A.
Kusumi.. "Detection of Non-Brownian Diffusion in the Cell Membrane
in Single Molecule Tracking" Biophys J . 88:2266¬-2277, 2005.
[12] M. J. Saxton, "Single-particle tracking: the distribution of diffusion
coefficients," Biophys J, vol. 72, pp. 1744-53, Apr 1997.
[13] M.J. Saxton and K. Jacobson.. Single-particle tracking: applications to
membrane dynamics. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 26:373-399.
1997
[14] H. Qian, M. P. Sheetz, and E. L. Elson, Single particle
tracking.Analysis of diffusion and flow in two-dimensional systems.
Biophys. J., 60:910-921,1991.
Fig. 2 The typical characteristic of directed motion obtained from
experiments: (TOP) the positional trajectory at each time, (MIDDLE)
MSD vs. time, (BOTTOM) PSD vs. frequency.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:62455", author = "R. Amornmaneekul and S. Chadsuthi and D. Triampo and W. Triampo", title = "Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Dynamics in Motion of Pathogenic Spirochetes: Implications toward Virulence and Treatment of Leptospirosis", abstract = "We apply a particle tracking technique to track the motion of individual pathogenic Leptospira. We observe and capture images of motile Leptospira by means of CCD and darkfield microscope. Image processing, statistical theories and simulations are used for data analysis. Based on trajectory patterns, mean square displacement, and power spectral density characteristics, we found that the motion modes are most likely to be directed motion mode (70%) and the rest are either normal diffusion or unidentified mode. Our findings may support the fact that why leptospires are very well efficient toward targeting internal tissues as a result of increase in virulence factor.
", keywords = "Leptospirosis, spirochetes, patterns, motion.", volume = "1", number = "5", pages = "319-13", }
