Soil-Structure Interaction Models for the Reinforced Foundation System: A State-of-the-Art Review
Challenges of weak soil subgrade are often resolved either by stabilization or reinforcing it. However, it is also practiced to reinforce the granular fill to improve the load-settlement behavior of it over weak soil strata. The inclusion of reinforcement in the engineered granular fill provided a new impetus for the development of enhanced Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) models, also known as mechanical foundation models or lumped parameter models. Several researchers have been working in this direction to understand the mechanism of granular fill-reinforcement interaction and the response of weak soil under the application of load. These models have been developed by extending available SSI models such as the Winkler Model, Pasternak Model, Hetenyi Model, Kerr Model etc., and are helpful to visualize the load-settlement behavior of a physical system through 1-D and 2-D analysis considering beam and plate resting on the foundation, respectively. Based on the literature survey, these models are categorized as ‘Reinforced Pasternak Model,’ ‘Double Beam Model,’ ‘Reinforced Timoshenko Beam Model,’ and ‘Reinforced Kerr Model’. The present work reviews the past 30+ years of research in the field of SSI models for reinforced foundation systems, presenting the conceptual development of these models systematically and discussing their limitations. A flow-chart showing procedure for compution of deformation and mobilized tension is also incorporated in the paper. Special efforts are taken to tabulate the parameters and their significance in the load-settlement analysis, which may be helpful in future studies for the comparison and enhancement of results and findings of physical models.
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[3] P. L. Pasternak, “On a new method of analysis of an elastic foundation by means of two foundation constants,” Gos. Izd. Lit. Po Stroit. I Arkhitekture, 1954.
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[5] Selvadurai A.P.S, “Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interaction,” 1986.
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[44] K. Deb, S. Chandra, and P. K. Basudhar, “Response of multilayer geosynthetic-reinforced bed resting on soft soil with stone columns,” Comput. Geotech., 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.08.004.
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[1] M. M. Filonenko-Borodich, “A very simple model of an elastic foundation capable of spreading the load,” Sb Tr. Mosk. Elektro. Inst. Inzh. Trans, no. 53, 1945.
[2] M. Hetényi, Beams on elastic foundation: theory with applications in the fields of civil and mechanical engineering. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI., 1946.
[3] P. L. Pasternak, “On a new method of analysis of an elastic foundation by means of two foundation constants,” Gos. Izd. Lit. Po Stroit. I Arkhitekture, 1954.
[4] A. D. Kerr, “Elastic and Viscoelastic Foundation Models,” J. Appl. Mech., vol. 31, no. 3, p. 491, 1964, doi: 10.1115/1.3629667.
[5] Selvadurai A.P.S, “Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interaction,” 1986.
[6] J. S. Horvath, “Subgrade models for soil-structure interaction analysis,” in Foundation engineering: Current principles and practices, 1989, pp. 599–612.
[7] J. P. Giroud and J. Han, “Design Method for Geogrid-Reinforced Unpaved Roads. I. Development of Design Method,” J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 130, no. 8, pp. 775–786, 2004, doi: 10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2004)130:8(775).
[8] M. R. Madhav and H. B. Poorooshasb, “A new model for geosynthetic reinforced soil,” Comput. Geotech., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 277–290, 1988, doi: 10.1016/0266-352X(88)90070-5.
[9] S. K. Shukla and S. Chandra, “A generalized mechanical model for geosynthetic-reinforced foundation soil,” Geotext. Geomembranes, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 813–825, 1994, doi: 10.1016/0266-1144(94)00018-9.
[10] J. H. Yin, “Modelling Geosynthetic-Reinforced Granular Fills Over Soft Soil,” Geosynth. Int., 1997, doi: 10.1680/gein.4.0092.
[11] P. Maheshwari, P. K. Basudhar, and S. Chandra, “Analysis of beams on reinforced granular beds,” Geosynth. Int., no. 6, pp. 470–480, 2004.
[12] K. Deb, P. K. Basudhar, and S. Chandra, “Generalized Model for Geosynthetic-Reinforced Granular Fill-Soft Soil with Stone Columns,” Int. J. Geomech., 2007, doi: 10.1061/(asce)1532-3641(2007)7:4(266).
[13] S. K. Shukla, N. Sivakugan, and B. M. Das, “Fundamental concepts of soil reinforcement - An overview,” Int. J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 329–342, 2009, doi: 10.3328/IJGE.2009.03.03.329-342.
[14] S. K. Shukla and S. Chandra, “The Effect of Prestressing on the Settlement Characteristics of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Ht Tp,” Geotext. Geomembranes, vol. 13, no. I 994, pp. 531–543, 1994.
[15] P. L. Bourdeau, “Modeling of Membrane Action in a Two-Layer Reinforced Soil System” Publishers Ltd , England . Printed in Great Britain,” Comput. Geotech., vol. 7, pp. 19–36, 1989.
[16] S. . and C. Shukla, “Modelling of Geosynthetic- Reinforced Engineered Granular Fill on Soft Soil,” Geosynth. Int., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 603–618, 1995, [Online]. Available: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161114.
[17] Madhav and Poorooshasb, “Modified pasternak,” vol. 12, no. I, pp. 1–5, 1989.
[18] C. Ghosh and M. R. Madhav, “Reinforced granular fill-soft soil system: confinement effect,” Geotext. Geomembranes, 1994, doi: 10.1016/0266-1144(94)90060-4.
[19] S. K. Shukla and J. H. Yin, “Technical Note Time-dependent settlement analysis of a geosynthetic-reinforced soil,” Geosynth. Int., vol. 10, no. 2, 2003.
[20] S. K. Shukla and S. Chandra, “A study of settlement response of a geosynthetic-reinforced compressible granular fill-soft soil system,” Geotext. Geomembranes, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 627–639, 1994, doi: 10.1016/0266-1144(94)90013-2.
[21] S. K. Shukla and S. Chandra, “Time-dependent Settlement Response of Granular Fill on Soft Soil,” Soils Found., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 105–108, 1996, doi: 10.3208/sandf.35.4.
[22] C. Ghosh and M. R. Madhav, “Settlement response of a reinforced shallow earth bed,” Geotext. Geomembranes, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 643–656, 1994, doi: 10.1016/0266-1144(94)90065-5.
[23] F. M. P. Aboobacker, S. Saride, and M. R. Madhira, “Numerical modelling of strip footing on geocell-reinforced beds,” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Gr. Improv., vol. 168, no. 3, pp. 194–205, 2015, doi: 10.1680/grim.13.00015.
[24] P. Maheshwari, S. Chandra, and P. K. Basudhar, “Modeling and Analysis of Infinite Beam on Extensible Geosynthetic-Reinforced Granular Fill-Soft Soil System Subjected to Moving Loads,” in Ground Modification and Seismic Mitigation In: Porbaha A, Shen SL, Wartman J, Chai JC (eds) ASCE geotechnical special publication, 2006, pp. 259-266., doi: 10.1061/40864(196)35.
[25] P. Maheshwari, S. Chandra, and P. K. Basudhar, “Response of beams on a tensionless extensible geosynthetic-reinforced earth bed subjected to moving loads,” Comput. Geotech., vol. 31, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2004.07.005.
[26] P. Maheshwari, S. Chandra, and P. K. Basudhar, “Modelling of beams on a geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill-soft soil system subjected to moving loads,” Geosynth. Int., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 369–376, 2004, doi: 10.1680/gein.2004.11.5.369.
[27] P. Maheshwari, “Steady State Response of beams on tensionless Geosynthetic -Reinforced Granular Fill- Soft Soil System subjected to Moving Load.,” pp. 11–18, 2005.
[28] S. Bhatra and P. Maheshwari, “Modelling and Analysis of Rails on Viscoelastic Foundation Under a Moving Load,” Transp. Infrastruct. Geotechnol., 2019, doi: 10.1007/s40515-019-00082-x.
[29] P. Murakonda and P. Maheshwari, “Analysis of rigid pavements resting on extensible geosynthetic reinforced earth beds,” Int. J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 6362, pp. 1–15, 2017, doi: 10.1080/19386362.2017.1368186.
[30] P. Murakonda and P. Maheshwari, “Soil–Structure Interaction of Plates on Earth Beds with Geosynthetic Inclusion,” Indian Geotech. J., 2018, doi: 10.1007/s40098-018-0327-1.
[31] P. Maheshwari and M. N. Viladkar, “Soil-Structure Interaction of Damped Infinite Beams on Extensible Geosynthetic Reinforced Earth Beds Under Moving Loads,” Geotech. Geol. Eng., vol. 28, n5, pp. 579–590, 2010, doi: 10.1007/s10706-010-9314-8.
[32] P. Maheshwari and K. Karuppasamy, “Nonlinear response of infinite beams on reinforced earth beds under moving loads,” Geotech. Spec. Publ., vol. 9, no. 211 GSP, pp. 4683–4692, 2011, doi: 10.1061/41165(397)479.
[33] S. Bhatra and P. Maheshwari, “Double Beam Model for Reinforced Tensionless Foundations under Moving Loads,” KSCE J. Civ. Eng., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1600–1609, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s12205-019-1609-6.
[34] K. Deb, P. K. Basudhar, and S. Chandra, “Extensible geosynthetics and stone-column-reinforced soil,” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. - Gr. Improv., 2010, doi: 10.1680/grim.2010.163.4.231.
[35] P. Maheshwari and S. Khatri, “Nonlinear response of footings on granular bed-stone column-reinforced poor soil,” Int. J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 435–443, 2010, doi: 10.3328/ijge.2010.04.04.435-443.
[36] P. Maheshwari and K. Karuppasamy, “Nonlinear response of Infinite beams on reinforced earth beds under moving loads,” in Geo-Frontiers 2011: Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, pp. 4683–4692.
[37] P. Maheshwari and S. Khatri, “Generalized model for footings on geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill-stone column improved soft soil system,” Int. J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 403–414, 2012, doi: 10.3328/ijge.2012.06.04.403-414.
[38] P. Maheshwari and S. Khatri, “Response of Infinite Beams on Geosynthetic-Reinforced Granular Bed over Soft Soil with Stone Columns under Moving Loads,” Int. J. Geomech., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 713–728, 2013, doi: 10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000269.
[39] P. Maheshwari, “Infinite beams on stone column reinforced tensionless earth beds under moving loads,” Int. J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 21–25, 2014, doi: 10.1179/1938636213z.00000000058.
[40] P. Maheshwari, “Influence of Configuration of Stone Columns on Combined Footings Resting on Reinforced Earth Beds,” Springer Nat. Singapore Pte, vol. 70, no. 51, pp. 1561–1564, 2019, doi: 10.1029/89EO00392.
[41] T. Nagomi , T.; Yong, “Load Settlement Analysis of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil with A Simplified Model,” Soils Found., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 33–42, 2003, [Online]. Available: http://www.mendeley.com/research/geology-volcanic-history-eruptive-style-yakedake-volcano-group-central-japan/.
[42] K. Deb, S. Chandra, and P. K. Basudhar, “Settlement response of a multilayer geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill–soft soil system,” Geosynth. Int., 2005, doi: 10.1680/gein.2005.12.6.288.
[43] K. Deb, S. Chandra, and P. K. Basudhar, “Nonlinear analysis of multilayer extensible geosynthetic-reinforced granular bed on soft soil,” Geotech. Geol. Eng., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 11–23, 2007, doi: 10.1007/s10706-006-0002-7.
[44] K. Deb, S. Chandra, and P. K. Basudhar, “Response of multilayer geosynthetic-reinforced bed resting on soft soil with stone columns,” Comput. Geotech., 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.08.004.
[45] K. Deb, “Soil-structure interaction analysis of beams resting on multilayered geosynthetic-reinforced soil,” Interact. multiscale Mech., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 369–383, 2013, doi: 10.12989/imm.2012.5.4.369.
[46] K. Deb, “Effect of multilayered geosynthetic reinforcements on the response of foundations resting on stone column-improved soft soil,” Geotech. Eng., 2018.
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@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:80640", author = "Ashwini V. Chavan and Sukhanand S. Bhosale", title = "Soil-Structure Interaction Models for the Reinforced Foundation System: A State-of-the-Art Review", abstract = "Challenges of weak soil subgrade are often resolved either by stabilization or reinforcing it. However, it is also practiced to reinforce the granular fill to improve the load-settlement behavior of it over weak soil strata. The inclusion of reinforcement in the engineered granular fill provided a new impetus for the development of enhanced Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) models, also known as mechanical foundation models or lumped parameter models. Several researchers have been working in this direction to understand the mechanism of granular fill-reinforcement interaction and the response of weak soil under the application of load. These models have been developed by extending available SSI models such as the Winkler Model, Pasternak Model, Hetenyi Model, Kerr Model etc., and are helpful to visualize the load-settlement behavior of a physical system through 1-D and 2-D analysis considering beam and plate resting on the foundation, respectively. Based on the literature survey, these models are categorized as ‘Reinforced Pasternak Model,’ ‘Double Beam Model,’ ‘Reinforced Timoshenko Beam Model,’ and ‘Reinforced Kerr Model’. The present work reviews the past 30+ years of research in the field of SSI models for reinforced foundation systems, presenting the conceptual development of these models systematically and discussing their limitations. A flow-chart showing procedure for compution of deformation and mobilized tension is also incorporated in the paper. Special efforts are taken to tabulate the parameters and their significance in the load-settlement analysis, which may be helpful in future studies for the comparison and enhancement of results and findings of physical models. ", keywords = "geosynthetics, mathematical modeling, reinforced foundation, soil-structure interaction, ground improvement, soft soil", volume = "15", number = "12", pages = "364-9", }
