Simulation of PM10 Source Apportionment at An Urban Site in Southern Taiwan by a Gaussian Trajectory Model
This study applied the Gaussian trajectory
transfer-coefficient model (GTx) to simulate the particulate matter
concentrations and the source apportionments at Nanzih Air Quality
Monitoring Station in southern Taiwan from November 2007 to
February 2008. The correlation coefficient between the observed and
the calculated daily PM10 concentrations is 0.5 and the absolute bias of
the PM10 concentrations is 24%. The simulated PM10 concentrations
matched well with the observed data. Although the emission rate of
PM10 was dominated by area sources (58%), the results of source
apportionments indicated that the primary sources for PM10 at Nanzih
Station were point sources (42%), area sources (20%) and then upwind
boundary concentration (14%). The obvious difference of PM10 source
apportionment between episode and non-episode days was upwind
boundary concentrations which contributed to 20% and 11% PM10
sources, respectively. The gas-particle conversion of secondary
aerosol and long range transport played crucial roles on the PM10
contribution to a receptor.
[1] Y. I. Tsai, S.-C. Kuo, W.-J. Lee, C.-L. Chen, and P.-T. Chen, "Long-term
visibility trends in one highly urbanized, one highly industrialized, and
two rural areas of Taiwan," Science of the Total Environment, vol.382
(2-3), pp.324-341, Sep. 2007.
[2] J. Chen, Q. Ying, and M. J. Kleeman, "Source apportionment of visual
impairment during the California regional PM10/PM2.5 air quality
study," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 43, pp.6136-6144, 2009.
[3] Y. Jia, A. L. Clements, and M. P. Fraser, "Saccharide composition in
atmospheric particulate matter in the southwest US and estimates of
source contributions," Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 41, pp.62ÔÇö73,
2010.
[4] J. P. Dawson, P. N. Racherla, B. H. Lynn, P. J. Adams and S. N. Pandis,
"Simulating present-day and future air quality as climate changes: Model
evaluation," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 42, pp. 4551-4566, 2008
[5] E. Galarneau, "Source specificity and atmospheric processing of airborne
PAHs: Implications for source apportionment," Atmospheric
Environment, vol. 42, pp. 8139-8149, 2008.
[6] B. J. Tsuang, "Quantification on the source/receptor relationship of
primary pollutants and secondary aerosols by a Gaussian plume trajectory
model: part I - theory," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 37,
pp.3981-3991, 2003.
[7] C.-L. Chen, B.-J. Tsuang, R.-C. Pan, C.-Y. Tu, J.-H. Liu, P.-L. Huang, H.
Bai, M.-T. Cheng, "Quantification on source/receptor relationship of
primary pollutants and secondary aerosols from ground sources-Part II.
Model description and case study," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 36 ,
pp. 421-434, 2002.
[8] Environmental Protection Agency, United States (EPA/US), "Industrial
Source Complex (ISC3) Dispersion ModelsÔÇöUser-s Guide II.
Description of Model Algorithms," EPA Publication No.
EPA-454/B-95-003b. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC., 1995
[9] B. J. Tsuang, C. L. Chen, C. H. Lin, M. T. Cheng, Y. I. Tsai, C. P. Chio, R.
C. Pan and P.H. Kuo, "Quantification on the source/receptor relationship
of primary pollutants and secondary aerosols by a Gaussian plume
trajectory model: part II. Case study," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 37,
pp.3993-4006, 2003a.
[10] B. J. Tsuang, C. T. Lee, M. T. Cheng, N. H. Lin, Y. C. Lin, C. L. Chen, C.
M. Peng and P. H. Kuo, "Quantification on the source/receptor
relationship of primary pollutants and secondary aerosols by a Gaussian
plume trajectory model: part III - Asian dust-storm periods," Atmospheric
Environment, vol. 37, pp. 4007-4017, 2003b.
[11] Y. I. Tsai and C. L. Chen, "Atmospheric aerosol composition and source
apportionments to aerosol in southern Taiwan," Atmospheric
Environment, vol. 40, pp. 4751-4763, 2006.
[12] CTCI, "Update and Management for Air Pollution Emission Inventory
and Estimation for Air Pollution Degradation of GNP. Report.
Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan.
EPA-92-FA11-03-D039, 2003 (in Chinese).
[13] A. Stohl, "Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories-a
review and bibliography," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 32, pp.
947-966, 1998.
[14] P. Salvador, B. Artíñano, C. Pio, J. Afonso, M. Legrand, H. Puxbaum, S.
Hammer, "Evaluation of aerosol sources at European high altitude
background sites with trajectory statistical methods," Atmospheric
Environment, vol. 44, pp. 2316-2329, 2010.
[1] Y. I. Tsai, S.-C. Kuo, W.-J. Lee, C.-L. Chen, and P.-T. Chen, "Long-term
visibility trends in one highly urbanized, one highly industrialized, and
two rural areas of Taiwan," Science of the Total Environment, vol.382
(2-3), pp.324-341, Sep. 2007.
[2] J. Chen, Q. Ying, and M. J. Kleeman, "Source apportionment of visual
impairment during the California regional PM10/PM2.5 air quality
study," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 43, pp.6136-6144, 2009.
[3] Y. Jia, A. L. Clements, and M. P. Fraser, "Saccharide composition in
atmospheric particulate matter in the southwest US and estimates of
source contributions," Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 41, pp.62ÔÇö73,
2010.
[4] J. P. Dawson, P. N. Racherla, B. H. Lynn, P. J. Adams and S. N. Pandis,
"Simulating present-day and future air quality as climate changes: Model
evaluation," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 42, pp. 4551-4566, 2008
[5] E. Galarneau, "Source specificity and atmospheric processing of airborne
PAHs: Implications for source apportionment," Atmospheric
Environment, vol. 42, pp. 8139-8149, 2008.
[6] B. J. Tsuang, "Quantification on the source/receptor relationship of
primary pollutants and secondary aerosols by a Gaussian plume trajectory
model: part I - theory," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 37,
pp.3981-3991, 2003.
[7] C.-L. Chen, B.-J. Tsuang, R.-C. Pan, C.-Y. Tu, J.-H. Liu, P.-L. Huang, H.
Bai, M.-T. Cheng, "Quantification on source/receptor relationship of
primary pollutants and secondary aerosols from ground sources-Part II.
Model description and case study," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 36 ,
pp. 421-434, 2002.
[8] Environmental Protection Agency, United States (EPA/US), "Industrial
Source Complex (ISC3) Dispersion ModelsÔÇöUser-s Guide II.
Description of Model Algorithms," EPA Publication No.
EPA-454/B-95-003b. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC., 1995
[9] B. J. Tsuang, C. L. Chen, C. H. Lin, M. T. Cheng, Y. I. Tsai, C. P. Chio, R.
C. Pan and P.H. Kuo, "Quantification on the source/receptor relationship
of primary pollutants and secondary aerosols by a Gaussian plume
trajectory model: part II. Case study," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 37,
pp.3993-4006, 2003a.
[10] B. J. Tsuang, C. T. Lee, M. T. Cheng, N. H. Lin, Y. C. Lin, C. L. Chen, C.
M. Peng and P. H. Kuo, "Quantification on the source/receptor
relationship of primary pollutants and secondary aerosols by a Gaussian
plume trajectory model: part III - Asian dust-storm periods," Atmospheric
Environment, vol. 37, pp. 4007-4017, 2003b.
[11] Y. I. Tsai and C. L. Chen, "Atmospheric aerosol composition and source
apportionments to aerosol in southern Taiwan," Atmospheric
Environment, vol. 40, pp. 4751-4763, 2006.
[12] CTCI, "Update and Management for Air Pollution Emission Inventory
and Estimation for Air Pollution Degradation of GNP. Report.
Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan.
EPA-92-FA11-03-D039, 2003 (in Chinese).
[13] A. Stohl, "Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories-a
review and bibliography," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 32, pp.
947-966, 1998.
[14] P. Salvador, B. Artíñano, C. Pio, J. Afonso, M. Legrand, H. Puxbaum, S.
Hammer, "Evaluation of aerosol sources at European high altitude
background sites with trajectory statistical methods," Atmospheric
Environment, vol. 44, pp. 2316-2329, 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:60524", author = "Chien-Lung Chen and Jeng-Lin Tsai and Feng-Chao Chung and Su-Ching Kuo and Kuo-Hsin Tseng and Pei-Hsuan Kuo and Li-Ying Hsieh and Ying I. Tsai", title = "Simulation of PM10 Source Apportionment at An Urban Site in Southern Taiwan by a Gaussian Trajectory Model", abstract = "This study applied the Gaussian trajectory
transfer-coefficient model (GTx) to simulate the particulate matter
concentrations and the source apportionments at Nanzih Air Quality
Monitoring Station in southern Taiwan from November 2007 to
February 2008. The correlation coefficient between the observed and
the calculated daily PM10 concentrations is 0.5 and the absolute bias of
the PM10 concentrations is 24%. The simulated PM10 concentrations
matched well with the observed data. Although the emission rate of
PM10 was dominated by area sources (58%), the results of source
apportionments indicated that the primary sources for PM10 at Nanzih
Station were point sources (42%), area sources (20%) and then upwind
boundary concentration (14%). The obvious difference of PM10 source
apportionment between episode and non-episode days was upwind
boundary concentrations which contributed to 20% and 11% PM10
sources, respectively. The gas-particle conversion of secondary
aerosol and long range transport played crucial roles on the PM10
contribution to a receptor.", keywords = "back trajectory model, particulate matter, sourceapportionment", volume = "4", number = "10", pages = "1068-4", }
