Semi Empirical Equations for Peak Shear Strength of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Walls
This paper presents an analytical study on the
behavior of reinforced concrete walls with rectangular cross section.
Several experiments on such walls have been selected to be studied.
Database from various experiments were collected and nominal shear
wall strengths have been calculated using formulas, such as those of
the ACI (American), NZS (New Zealand), Mexican (NTCC), and
Wood and Barda equations. Subsequently, nominal shear wall
strengths from the formulas were compared with the ultimate shear
wall strengths from the database. These formulas vary substantially in
functional form and do not account for all variables that affect the
response of walls. There is substantial scatter in the predicted values
of ultimate shear strength. Two new semi empirical equations are
developed using data from tests of 57 walls for transitions walls and
27 for slender walls with the objective of improving the prediction of
peak strength of walls with the most possible accurate.
[1] Hidalgo P A. Ledezma C A. and Jordan R. M. Seismic behavior of squat
reinforced concrete shear walls. Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Vol. 18, No.
2, pp 287-308.
[2] Barda F. Hanson J M. and Corley W G. Shear Strength of Low-Rise
Walls with Boundary Elements. ACI Special Publications. Reinforced
Concrete in Seismic Zones SP-53-8, 1977, pp.149-202.
[3] Wood S. Shear Strength of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Walls. ACI
Structural Journal Vol. 87, No. 1, January-February 1990, pp. 99-107.
[4] ACI Committee 318. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete (ACI 318- 2008). American Concrete Institute.Farmington
Hill. Michigan 2008.
[5] Concrete Design Committee P 3101.2006. Concrete Structures Standard,
Part 1−The Design of Concrete Structures, Standards New Zealand, New
Zealand, Wellington 2006.
[6] G. del Distrito Federal. 2004. Normas Técnicas Complementarias para
Diseño y Construcción de Estructuras de Concreto (NTCC). Gaceta
Oficial del Departamento del Distrito Federal. Mexico2004.
[7] Hirosawa. M. Past Experimental Results on Reinforced Concrete Shear
Walls and Analysis on Them, Kenchiku Kenkyu Shiryo, Building
Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, Tokyo, Japan, 1975 No. 6.
277 pp.
[8] Maier J. and Thürlimann B. Bruchversuche an Stahlbetonscheiben
Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, Eidgenössische Technische
Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, 1985 130 pp.
[9] Lefas DI. Kotsovos DM. Ambraseys NN. Behavior of reinforced
concrete structural walls: deformation characteristics, and failure
mechanism. ACI Struct J 1990;87(1):23-31.
[10] Rothe, D. Untersuchungen zum Nichtlinearen Verhalten von Stahlbeton
Wandschieben unter Erdbebenbeanspruchung, PhD Dissertation,
Fachbereich Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau, der Technischen Hochschule
Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany,1992 161 pp.
[11] Pilakoutas K, Lopes MS. Shear resistance determination of RC
members. In: 5th. National conf. on earthquake eng., vol. 2. 1995. p.
201-10.
[12] Salonikios TN, Kappos AJ, Tegos IA, Penelis GG. Cyclic load behavior
of low-slenderness reinforced concrete walls: failure modes, strength
and deformation analysis, and design implications. ACI Structure J
2000;97(1):132-41.
[13] Zhang L X B. and Hsu T T C. "Behavior and Analysis of 100 MPa
Concrete Membrane Elements. Journal of Structural Engineering,
ASCE, Vol. 124, No. 1, pp. 24-34.
[14] Kuang J S. and Ho Y B. Seismic Behavior and Ductility of Squat
ReinforcedConcrete Shear Walls with Nonseismic Detailing. ACI
Structural Journal, Vol. 105, No. 2,
[15] Tran T A. Lateral Load Behavior and Modeling of Low-Rise RC Walls
for Performance Based Design. Ph.D. Seminar, University of
California, Los Angeles 2010.
[16] Zhang, Y. Wang Z. Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Shear
Walls Subjected to High Axial Loading. ACI Journal of Structural
Engineering, 2000 Vol. 97, No. 5, pp. 739-750.
[17] Dazio A. Beyer K. Bachmann H. Quasi-static cyclic tests and plastic
hinge analysis of RC structural walls. Engineering Structures, Volume
31, Issue 7, July 2009, pp. 1556-1571.
[18] Thomsen JH. and Wallace .W. Displacement-Based Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls: An Experimental Investigation of
Walls with Rectangular and T-Shaped Cross-Sections. Report No.
CU/CEE-95/06, Department of Civil Engineering Clarkson University,
Postdam, N.Y.1995 353 pp.
[19] Jiang H. Research on seismic behavior of shear walls dissipating energy
along vertical direction with application. Doctoral Dissertation, Tongji
University, China 1999.
[20] Ji S. Dynamic Analysis of the Elastic-plastic Response of High-rise
Reinforced Concrete Frame-wall Structures Subjected to Ground
Motion. Doctoral Dissertation. Tongji University. China 2002.
[21] Carvajal O. and Pollner E. Muros de Concreto Reforzados con
Armadura Minima. Boletin Tecnico, Universidad Central de Venezuela,
Facultad de Ingenieria, 1983 Ano 21 (72 73), Enero-Diciembre, 5-36
[22] Zhou G. Research on the hysteric behavior of high-rise reinforced
concrete shear walls. Master’s Thesis, Tongji University, China 2004.
[23] Tasnimi AA. Strength and deformation of mid-rise shear walls under
load reversal. Eng Struct 2000;22:311-22.
[24] Aaleti, Sriram, "Behavior of rectangular concrete walls subjected to
simulated seismic loading. (2009). Graduate Theses and
Dissertations. Paper 11047.
[1] Hidalgo P A. Ledezma C A. and Jordan R. M. Seismic behavior of squat
reinforced concrete shear walls. Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Vol. 18, No.
2, pp 287-308.
[2] Barda F. Hanson J M. and Corley W G. Shear Strength of Low-Rise
Walls with Boundary Elements. ACI Special Publications. Reinforced
Concrete in Seismic Zones SP-53-8, 1977, pp.149-202.
[3] Wood S. Shear Strength of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Walls. ACI
Structural Journal Vol. 87, No. 1, January-February 1990, pp. 99-107.
[4] ACI Committee 318. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete (ACI 318- 2008). American Concrete Institute.Farmington
Hill. Michigan 2008.
[5] Concrete Design Committee P 3101.2006. Concrete Structures Standard,
Part 1−The Design of Concrete Structures, Standards New Zealand, New
Zealand, Wellington 2006.
[6] G. del Distrito Federal. 2004. Normas Técnicas Complementarias para
Diseño y Construcción de Estructuras de Concreto (NTCC). Gaceta
Oficial del Departamento del Distrito Federal. Mexico2004.
[7] Hirosawa. M. Past Experimental Results on Reinforced Concrete Shear
Walls and Analysis on Them, Kenchiku Kenkyu Shiryo, Building
Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, Tokyo, Japan, 1975 No. 6.
277 pp.
[8] Maier J. and Thürlimann B. Bruchversuche an Stahlbetonscheiben
Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, Eidgenössische Technische
Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, 1985 130 pp.
[9] Lefas DI. Kotsovos DM. Ambraseys NN. Behavior of reinforced
concrete structural walls: deformation characteristics, and failure
mechanism. ACI Struct J 1990;87(1):23-31.
[10] Rothe, D. Untersuchungen zum Nichtlinearen Verhalten von Stahlbeton
Wandschieben unter Erdbebenbeanspruchung, PhD Dissertation,
Fachbereich Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau, der Technischen Hochschule
Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany,1992 161 pp.
[11] Pilakoutas K, Lopes MS. Shear resistance determination of RC
members. In: 5th. National conf. on earthquake eng., vol. 2. 1995. p.
201-10.
[12] Salonikios TN, Kappos AJ, Tegos IA, Penelis GG. Cyclic load behavior
of low-slenderness reinforced concrete walls: failure modes, strength
and deformation analysis, and design implications. ACI Structure J
2000;97(1):132-41.
[13] Zhang L X B. and Hsu T T C. "Behavior and Analysis of 100 MPa
Concrete Membrane Elements. Journal of Structural Engineering,
ASCE, Vol. 124, No. 1, pp. 24-34.
[14] Kuang J S. and Ho Y B. Seismic Behavior and Ductility of Squat
ReinforcedConcrete Shear Walls with Nonseismic Detailing. ACI
Structural Journal, Vol. 105, No. 2,
[15] Tran T A. Lateral Load Behavior and Modeling of Low-Rise RC Walls
for Performance Based Design. Ph.D. Seminar, University of
California, Los Angeles 2010.
[16] Zhang, Y. Wang Z. Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Shear
Walls Subjected to High Axial Loading. ACI Journal of Structural
Engineering, 2000 Vol. 97, No. 5, pp. 739-750.
[17] Dazio A. Beyer K. Bachmann H. Quasi-static cyclic tests and plastic
hinge analysis of RC structural walls. Engineering Structures, Volume
31, Issue 7, July 2009, pp. 1556-1571.
[18] Thomsen JH. and Wallace .W. Displacement-Based Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls: An Experimental Investigation of
Walls with Rectangular and T-Shaped Cross-Sections. Report No.
CU/CEE-95/06, Department of Civil Engineering Clarkson University,
Postdam, N.Y.1995 353 pp.
[19] Jiang H. Research on seismic behavior of shear walls dissipating energy
along vertical direction with application. Doctoral Dissertation, Tongji
University, China 1999.
[20] Ji S. Dynamic Analysis of the Elastic-plastic Response of High-rise
Reinforced Concrete Frame-wall Structures Subjected to Ground
Motion. Doctoral Dissertation. Tongji University. China 2002.
[21] Carvajal O. and Pollner E. Muros de Concreto Reforzados con
Armadura Minima. Boletin Tecnico, Universidad Central de Venezuela,
Facultad de Ingenieria, 1983 Ano 21 (72 73), Enero-Diciembre, 5-36
[22] Zhou G. Research on the hysteric behavior of high-rise reinforced
concrete shear walls. Master’s Thesis, Tongji University, China 2004.
[23] Tasnimi AA. Strength and deformation of mid-rise shear walls under
load reversal. Eng Struct 2000;22:311-22.
[24] Aaleti, Sriram, "Behavior of rectangular concrete walls subjected to
simulated seismic loading. (2009). Graduate Theses and
Dissertations. Paper 11047.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:72167", author = "Ali Kezmane and Said Boukais and Mohand Hamizi", title = "Semi Empirical Equations for Peak Shear Strength of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Walls", abstract = "This paper presents an analytical study on the
behavior of reinforced concrete walls with rectangular cross section.
Several experiments on such walls have been selected to be studied.
Database from various experiments were collected and nominal shear
wall strengths have been calculated using formulas, such as those of
the ACI (American), NZS (New Zealand), Mexican (NTCC), and
Wood and Barda equations. Subsequently, nominal shear wall
strengths from the formulas were compared with the ultimate shear
wall strengths from the database. These formulas vary substantially in
functional form and do not account for all variables that affect the
response of walls. There is substantial scatter in the predicted values
of ultimate shear strength. Two new semi empirical equations are
developed using data from tests of 57 walls for transitions walls and
27 for slender walls with the objective of improving the prediction of
peak strength of walls with the most possible accurate.", keywords = "Shear strength, reinforced concrete walls,
rectangular walls, shear walls, models.", volume = "8", number = "8", pages = "931-13", }
