Semi-Blind Two-Dimensional Code Acquisition in CDMA Communications
In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for joint time-delay and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, here called two-dimensional code acquisition, in an asynchronous directsequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) array system. This algorithm depends on eigenvector-eigenvalue decomposition of sample correlation matrix, and requires to know desired user-s training sequence. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed both analytically and numerically in uncorrelated and coherent multipath environment. Numerical examples show that the algorithm is robust with unknown number of coherent signals.
[1] M.D. Katz, J.H.J. Iinatti, S. Glisic, "Two-dimensional code acquisition
in time and angle domains", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Commununication,
vol. 19, pp. 2441-2451, Dec. 2001.
[2] M. Wax, A. Leshem, "Joint estimation of time delays and directions of
arrival of multiple reflections of a known signal", IEEE Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. 45, pp. 2477-2484, Oct. 1997.
[3] K. Wang, H. Ge, Joint Space-Time Channel Parameter Estimation for
DS-CDMA System in Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channels, Electronics
Letters, vol. 37, pp. 458-460, Mar. 2001
[4] Y.Y. Wang, J.T. Chen; W.H. Fang, "TST-MUSIC for joint DOA-delay
estimation", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing," vol. 49, pp. 721 -729,
Apr. 2001
[5] Z. Gu, E. Gunawan, "Joint space-time estimation for DS-CDMA system
in fast fading multipath channel", IEEE Electronics Letters, vol. 37, pp.
1407 -1408, Nov. 2001.
[6] M.C. Vanderveen, C.B. Papadias, A. Paulraj, "Joint angle and delay
estimation (JADE) for multipath signals arriving at an antenna array",
IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 1, pp. 12 -14, Jan. 1997.
[7] M.C. Vanderveen, A.-J. Van der Veen, and A. Paulraj, "Estimation of
Multipath Parameters in Wireless Communications", IEEE Trans. on
Signal Processing, vol. 46, pp. 682-690, Mar, 1998
[8] A.-J. Van der Veen, M.C. Vanderveen, A. Paulraj, "Joint angle and delay
estimation using shift-invariance properties", IEEE Signal Processing
Letters, vol. 4, pp. 142 -145, May 1997.
[9] A.-J. Van der Veen, M.C. Vanderveen, A. Paulraj, "Joint angle and delay
estimation using shift-invariance techniques", IEEE Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. 46, pp. 405-418, Feb. 1998.
[10] R.O. Schmidt, "Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation",
IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 43, pp. 276-280, Mar.
1986.
[11] R. Roy, T. Kailath, "ESPRIT-Estimation of signal parameters via
rational invariance techniques", IEEE trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal
Processing, vol. 37, pp. 984-995, Jul. 1989.
[12] R. Kumaresan, D.W. Tufts, "estimating the angles of arrival of multiple
plane waves", IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-19, pp.134-
139, jan. 1983.
[13] P. Stoica, K.C. Sharman, "Novel eigenanalysis method for direction
estimation", Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. F, vol. 137, no. 1, pp. 19-26, 1990.
[14] M. Viberg, B. Ottersten, "Sensor array processing based on subspace
fitting", IEEE Trans. on Signal processing, vol. 39, pp. 1110-1121, May
1991.
[15] M. Viberg, B. Ottersten, T. Kailath, "Detection and estimation in
sensor arrays using weighted subspace fitting", IEEE. Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. 39, pp. 2436-2449, Nov. 1991
[16] B. Ottersten, M. Viberg, P. Stoica, A, Nehorai, "Exact and large sample
maximum likelihood techniques for parameter estimation and detection
in array processing", Radar Array Processing, chap. 4, pp.99-151,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993
[17] D.H. Johnson, S. DeGraaf, "Improving the Resolution of Bearing in
Passive Sonar Arrays by Eigenvalue Analysis", IEEE Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. ASSP-30, pp.638-647, Aug. 1982.
[18] T. Shen, M. Wax, T. Kailath, "On spatial smoothing of directionof-
arrival estimation of coherent signals", IEEE Trans. on Acoustics,
Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 33, pp. 806-811, Aug. 1985.
[19] S.U. Pillai, B.H. Kwon, "Forward/backward spatial smoothing techniques
for coherent signal identification", IEEE Trans. on Acoustics,
Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 37, pp. 8-15, Jan. 1989.
[20] J. H. Wilkinson, The Algebraic Eigenvalue Problem. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1965.
[21] S.U. Pillai, Array Signal Processing. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.
[22] L. Chang, C.C. Yeh, "Performance of DMI and Eigenspace-Based
beamformers", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol. 40, pp. 1336-
1347, Nov. 1992.
[1] M.D. Katz, J.H.J. Iinatti, S. Glisic, "Two-dimensional code acquisition
in time and angle domains", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Commununication,
vol. 19, pp. 2441-2451, Dec. 2001.
[2] M. Wax, A. Leshem, "Joint estimation of time delays and directions of
arrival of multiple reflections of a known signal", IEEE Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. 45, pp. 2477-2484, Oct. 1997.
[3] K. Wang, H. Ge, Joint Space-Time Channel Parameter Estimation for
DS-CDMA System in Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channels, Electronics
Letters, vol. 37, pp. 458-460, Mar. 2001
[4] Y.Y. Wang, J.T. Chen; W.H. Fang, "TST-MUSIC for joint DOA-delay
estimation", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing," vol. 49, pp. 721 -729,
Apr. 2001
[5] Z. Gu, E. Gunawan, "Joint space-time estimation for DS-CDMA system
in fast fading multipath channel", IEEE Electronics Letters, vol. 37, pp.
1407 -1408, Nov. 2001.
[6] M.C. Vanderveen, C.B. Papadias, A. Paulraj, "Joint angle and delay
estimation (JADE) for multipath signals arriving at an antenna array",
IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 1, pp. 12 -14, Jan. 1997.
[7] M.C. Vanderveen, A.-J. Van der Veen, and A. Paulraj, "Estimation of
Multipath Parameters in Wireless Communications", IEEE Trans. on
Signal Processing, vol. 46, pp. 682-690, Mar, 1998
[8] A.-J. Van der Veen, M.C. Vanderveen, A. Paulraj, "Joint angle and delay
estimation using shift-invariance properties", IEEE Signal Processing
Letters, vol. 4, pp. 142 -145, May 1997.
[9] A.-J. Van der Veen, M.C. Vanderveen, A. Paulraj, "Joint angle and delay
estimation using shift-invariance techniques", IEEE Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. 46, pp. 405-418, Feb. 1998.
[10] R.O. Schmidt, "Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation",
IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 43, pp. 276-280, Mar.
1986.
[11] R. Roy, T. Kailath, "ESPRIT-Estimation of signal parameters via
rational invariance techniques", IEEE trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal
Processing, vol. 37, pp. 984-995, Jul. 1989.
[12] R. Kumaresan, D.W. Tufts, "estimating the angles of arrival of multiple
plane waves", IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-19, pp.134-
139, jan. 1983.
[13] P. Stoica, K.C. Sharman, "Novel eigenanalysis method for direction
estimation", Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. F, vol. 137, no. 1, pp. 19-26, 1990.
[14] M. Viberg, B. Ottersten, "Sensor array processing based on subspace
fitting", IEEE Trans. on Signal processing, vol. 39, pp. 1110-1121, May
1991.
[15] M. Viberg, B. Ottersten, T. Kailath, "Detection and estimation in
sensor arrays using weighted subspace fitting", IEEE. Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. 39, pp. 2436-2449, Nov. 1991
[16] B. Ottersten, M. Viberg, P. Stoica, A, Nehorai, "Exact and large sample
maximum likelihood techniques for parameter estimation and detection
in array processing", Radar Array Processing, chap. 4, pp.99-151,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993
[17] D.H. Johnson, S. DeGraaf, "Improving the Resolution of Bearing in
Passive Sonar Arrays by Eigenvalue Analysis", IEEE Trans. on Signal
Processing, vol. ASSP-30, pp.638-647, Aug. 1982.
[18] T. Shen, M. Wax, T. Kailath, "On spatial smoothing of directionof-
arrival estimation of coherent signals", IEEE Trans. on Acoustics,
Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 33, pp. 806-811, Aug. 1985.
[19] S.U. Pillai, B.H. Kwon, "Forward/backward spatial smoothing techniques
for coherent signal identification", IEEE Trans. on Acoustics,
Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 37, pp. 8-15, Jan. 1989.
[20] J. H. Wilkinson, The Algebraic Eigenvalue Problem. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1965.
[21] S.U. Pillai, Array Signal Processing. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.
[22] L. Chang, C.C. Yeh, "Performance of DMI and Eigenspace-Based
beamformers", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol. 40, pp. 1336-
1347, Nov. 1992.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:51540", author = "Rui Wu and Tapani Ristaniemi", title = "Semi-Blind Two-Dimensional Code Acquisition in CDMA Communications", abstract = "In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for joint time-delay and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, here called two-dimensional code acquisition, in an asynchronous directsequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) array system. This algorithm depends on eigenvector-eigenvalue decomposition of sample correlation matrix, and requires to know desired user-s training sequence. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed both analytically and numerically in uncorrelated and coherent multipath environment. Numerical examples show that the algorithm is robust with unknown number of coherent signals.
", keywords = "Two-Dimensional Code Acquisition, EV-t, DSCDMA", volume = "1", number = "6", pages = "1573-9", }
