Selection and Exergy Analysis of Fuel Cell System to Meet all Energy Needs of Residential Buildings
In this paper a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)
fuel cell power system including burner, steam reformer, heat
exchanger and water heater has been considered to meet the
electrical, heating, cooling and domestic hot water loads of
residential building which in Tehran. The system uses natural gas as
fuel and works in CHP mode. Design and operating conditions of a
PEM fuel cell system is considered in this study. The energy
requirements of residential building and the number of fuel cell
stacks to meet them have been estimated. The method involved
exergy analysis and entropy generation thorough the months of the
year. Results show that all the energy needs of the building can be
met with 12 fuel cell stacks at a nominal capacity of 8.5 kW. Exergy
analysis of the CHP system shows that the increase in the ambient air
temperature from 1oC to 40oC, will have an increase of entropy
generation by 5.73%.Maximum entropy generates for 15 hour in 15th
of June and 15th of July is estimated to amount at 12624 (kW/K).
Entropy generation of this system through a year is estimated to
amount to 1004.54 GJ/k.year.
[1] M.A. Rosen, N.M. Lee, and I. Dincer, "Efficiency analysis of a
cogeneration and district energy system", Applied Thermal
Engineering, vol. 25, pp. 147-159, 2005.
[2] J.L. Silveira, A.C.S. Walter, C.A. Luengo, "A case study of compact
cogeneration using various fuels", Fuel, vol. 76, pp. 447-451, 1997.
[3] M.A. Ehyaei, M.N. Bahadori, "Selection of micro turbines to meet
electrical and thermal energy needs of residential buildings in Iran",
Energy & Buildings, vol. 39, pp. 1227-1234, 2006.
[4] M.A. Ehyaei, A. Mozafari, "Energy, economic and environmental (3E)
analysis of a micro gas turbine employed for on-site combined heat and
power production", Energy and Buildings, vol.42, pp. 259-264, 2010.
[5] M.H. Saidi, M.A. Ehyaei, A. Abbasi, "Optimization of a combined heat
and power PEFC by exergy analysis", Journal of Power Sources, vol.
143, pp. 179-184, 2005.
[6] M.H. Saidi, M.A. Ehyaei, A. Abbasi, "Exergetic optimization of a PEM
fuel cell for domestic hot water heater", ASME journal of fuel cell
technology 2, pp. 284-289, 2005.
[7] C.J. Renedo, A. Ortiz, M. Monana, D. Silio, S. Perez, "Study of
different cogeneration alternatives for Spanish hospital center", Energy
and Buildings, vol. 38, pp. 484-490, 2006.
[8] K.H. Khan, M.G. Rasul, M.M.K. Khan "Energy conservation in
buildings: cogeneration and cogeneration coupled with thermal energy
storage", Applied Energy, vol. 7, pp. 15-34, 2004.
[9] M. Dentice, D. Accadia, M. Sasso, "Micro-combined heat and power in
residential and light commericial applications" Applied Thermal
Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 1247-1259, 2003.
[10] J.L. Miguez, S. Murillo, J. Porteiro J, "Feasibility of a new domestic
CHP tri generation with heat pump: I. Design development", Applied
Thermal Engineering, vol. 24, pp. 1409-1419, 2004.
[11] J.L. Miguez, S. Murillo, J. Porteiro J, "Feasibility of a new domestic
CHP tri generation with heat pump: II. Availability analysis", Applied
Thermal Engineering, vol.24, pp. 1421-1429, 2004.
[12] G. Gigliucci , L. Petruzzi , E. Cerelli, "Demonstration of a residential
CHP system based on PEM fuel cells", Journal of Power Sources, vol.
131, pp. 62-68, 2004.
[13] X.Q. Kong, R.Z. Wang, X.H. Huang, "Energy efficiency and economic
feasibility of CCHP driven by sterling engine", Energy Conversion and
Management, vol.45, pp. 1433-1442, 2004.
[14] K.M. Maribu, R. Firestone , C. Marnay, A.S. Siddiqui, "Distributed
energy resources market diffusion model", Energy Policy, vol. 35, pp.
4471-4484, 2007.
[15] G.G. Maidment, R.M. Tozer, "Combined cooling heat and power in
supermarkets", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 22, pp. 653-665,
2002.
[16] D. Ziher, A. Poredos, "Economics of a three-generation system in a
hospital", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 26, pp. 680-687, 2006.
[17] E. Cardona, P.Sannino, A.Piacentino, F.Cardona, "Energy saving in
airports by three-generation. Part II: Short and long term planning for
the Malpensa 2000 CHCP plant", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.
26, pp. 1437-1447, 2006.
[18] A. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics. New York: John
Wiley & Sons, 1988.
[19] A. Mozafari, and A. Ahmadi and M.A. Ehyaei, "Optimization of micro
gas turbine by exergy, economic and environmental (3E) analysis", IJ
Exergy, vol. 7, pp. 1-19, 2010.
[1] M.A. Rosen, N.M. Lee, and I. Dincer, "Efficiency analysis of a
cogeneration and district energy system", Applied Thermal
Engineering, vol. 25, pp. 147-159, 2005.
[2] J.L. Silveira, A.C.S. Walter, C.A. Luengo, "A case study of compact
cogeneration using various fuels", Fuel, vol. 76, pp. 447-451, 1997.
[3] M.A. Ehyaei, M.N. Bahadori, "Selection of micro turbines to meet
electrical and thermal energy needs of residential buildings in Iran",
Energy & Buildings, vol. 39, pp. 1227-1234, 2006.
[4] M.A. Ehyaei, A. Mozafari, "Energy, economic and environmental (3E)
analysis of a micro gas turbine employed for on-site combined heat and
power production", Energy and Buildings, vol.42, pp. 259-264, 2010.
[5] M.H. Saidi, M.A. Ehyaei, A. Abbasi, "Optimization of a combined heat
and power PEFC by exergy analysis", Journal of Power Sources, vol.
143, pp. 179-184, 2005.
[6] M.H. Saidi, M.A. Ehyaei, A. Abbasi, "Exergetic optimization of a PEM
fuel cell for domestic hot water heater", ASME journal of fuel cell
technology 2, pp. 284-289, 2005.
[7] C.J. Renedo, A. Ortiz, M. Monana, D. Silio, S. Perez, "Study of
different cogeneration alternatives for Spanish hospital center", Energy
and Buildings, vol. 38, pp. 484-490, 2006.
[8] K.H. Khan, M.G. Rasul, M.M.K. Khan "Energy conservation in
buildings: cogeneration and cogeneration coupled with thermal energy
storage", Applied Energy, vol. 7, pp. 15-34, 2004.
[9] M. Dentice, D. Accadia, M. Sasso, "Micro-combined heat and power in
residential and light commericial applications" Applied Thermal
Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 1247-1259, 2003.
[10] J.L. Miguez, S. Murillo, J. Porteiro J, "Feasibility of a new domestic
CHP tri generation with heat pump: I. Design development", Applied
Thermal Engineering, vol. 24, pp. 1409-1419, 2004.
[11] J.L. Miguez, S. Murillo, J. Porteiro J, "Feasibility of a new domestic
CHP tri generation with heat pump: II. Availability analysis", Applied
Thermal Engineering, vol.24, pp. 1421-1429, 2004.
[12] G. Gigliucci , L. Petruzzi , E. Cerelli, "Demonstration of a residential
CHP system based on PEM fuel cells", Journal of Power Sources, vol.
131, pp. 62-68, 2004.
[13] X.Q. Kong, R.Z. Wang, X.H. Huang, "Energy efficiency and economic
feasibility of CCHP driven by sterling engine", Energy Conversion and
Management, vol.45, pp. 1433-1442, 2004.
[14] K.M. Maribu, R. Firestone , C. Marnay, A.S. Siddiqui, "Distributed
energy resources market diffusion model", Energy Policy, vol. 35, pp.
4471-4484, 2007.
[15] G.G. Maidment, R.M. Tozer, "Combined cooling heat and power in
supermarkets", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 22, pp. 653-665,
2002.
[16] D. Ziher, A. Poredos, "Economics of a three-generation system in a
hospital", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 26, pp. 680-687, 2006.
[17] E. Cardona, P.Sannino, A.Piacentino, F.Cardona, "Energy saving in
airports by three-generation. Part II: Short and long term planning for
the Malpensa 2000 CHCP plant", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.
26, pp. 1437-1447, 2006.
[18] A. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics. New York: John
Wiley & Sons, 1988.
[19] A. Mozafari, and A. Ahmadi and M.A. Ehyaei, "Optimization of micro
gas turbine by exergy, economic and environmental (3E) analysis", IJ
Exergy, vol. 7, pp. 1-19, 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:55284", author = "G.R. Ashari and N.Hedayat and S. Shalbaf and E.Hajidavalloo", title = "Selection and Exergy Analysis of Fuel Cell System to Meet all Energy Needs of Residential Buildings", abstract = "In this paper a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)
fuel cell power system including burner, steam reformer, heat
exchanger and water heater has been considered to meet the
electrical, heating, cooling and domestic hot water loads of
residential building which in Tehran. The system uses natural gas as
fuel and works in CHP mode. Design and operating conditions of a
PEM fuel cell system is considered in this study. The energy
requirements of residential building and the number of fuel cell
stacks to meet them have been estimated. The method involved
exergy analysis and entropy generation thorough the months of the
year. Results show that all the energy needs of the building can be
met with 12 fuel cell stacks at a nominal capacity of 8.5 kW. Exergy
analysis of the CHP system shows that the increase in the ambient air
temperature from 1oC to 40oC, will have an increase of entropy
generation by 5.73%.Maximum entropy generates for 15 hour in 15th
of June and 15th of July is estimated to amount at 12624 (kW/K).
Entropy generation of this system through a year is estimated to
amount to 1004.54 GJ/k.year.", keywords = "CHP mode, entropy, exergy, no of fuel cell stacks.", volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "33-5", }
