Securing Justice: A Critical Analysis of Kenya-s Post 9/11 Security Apparatus
The 9/11 suicide attacks in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania, triggered a number of security responses both in the United States of America and other Countries in the World. Kenya, which is an ally and a close partner to North America and Europe, was not left behind. While many states had been parties to numerous terrorism conventions, their response in implementing them had been slow and needed this catalyst. This special case offered a window of opportunity for many “security conscious" regimes in cementing their legal-criminological and political security apparatus. At the international level, the 9/11 case led to the hasty adoption of Security Council resolution 1373 in 2001, which called upon states to adopt wide-ranging and comprehensive steps and strategies to combat international terrorism and to become parties to the relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism. Since then, Kenya has responded with speed in devising social-legal-criminological-political actions.
[1] CNN Diplomatic License Program, March 2004
[2] Spiegel, L. Steven, World Politics in New Era, Harcourt Brace College
Publishers, Orlando, Florida. 1995 pp 501
[3] Rousseau Jean-Jacques, The Social Contract,
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/rousseau-contract2.html
[4] Ole Wæver, working paper No. 6 -Security agendas old and new, and
how to survive them- presented at the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella,
Buenos Aires on Sept. 11-12. (2000)
[5] Juergensmeyer, Mark Terror In the Mind of God: The Global Rise of
Religious Violence. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los
Angeles, California. 2001 pp 5
[6] Lincoln, Bruce, Holy Terror. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
USA. 2003 pp. 100
[7] Morris, Norval and Hawkin, Gordon, The Honest Politician-s guide to
Crime Control. University of Chicago, USA. 1970 pp. 206
[8] http://www.fbi.gov/publish/terror/terrusa.html
[9] Anti-Terrorism Bill, The Government Printers, Nairobi 2003 pp. 448-
449
[10] Kenya Daily Nation Newspaper March 8th 2002
[11] http://www.inlink.com/~civitas/mun/res9596/terror.html.
[12] http://www.inlink.com/~civitas/mun/res9596/terror.html.
[13] Walzer, Michael, Just and Unjust Wars. Basic Books. New York. 2000
pp. 197
[14] Juergensmeyer, Mark Terror In the Mind of God: The Global Rise of
Religious Violence. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los
Angeles, California. 2001 pp. 72
[15] Schmid, Alex P. Thesaurus and Glossary of early warning and conflict
prevention terms. Forum on Early Warning and Early Response, The
Old Truman Brewery, 91-95 Brick Lane London. 2000.
[16] Combs, C. Cindy. Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century. Pearson
Education, Inc. New Jersey. 2003 pp. 10
[17] Lincoln, Bruce. Authority: Construction and Corrosion. University of
Chicago Press, Chicago. 1994
[18] Juergensmeyer, Mark Terror in the Mind of God. University of
California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, USA. 2001 pp. 139
[19] Kenya Daily Nation Newspaper Jan. 23rd 2004
[20] Anti-Terrorism Bill, The Government Printers, 2003 pp. 455
[21] All the figures were taken from The Kenya Daily Nation Newspaper of
respective dates
[22] The Aliens Restriction Act cap 173 pp. 2 of the Laws of Kenya
[23] Francis, T. Samuel, Conflict Studies. The Centre for Security and
Conflict studies (CSCS) 12/12G, Golden Square London. 1986 pp. 183-
194
[24] Maguire, Mike, Morgan, Rod and Reiner Robert, Handbook of
Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2002
[25] Laws of Kenya. The Police Act Chapter 84, Part III section 28. Pg. 13
[26] Maguire, Mike, Morgan, Rod and Reiner Robert, Handbook of
Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2002
[27] Kenya Human Rights Commission, Quarterly Human Rights Report
Vol. 3 Number 4 (2001 pp. 30)
[1] CNN Diplomatic License Program, March 2004
[2] Spiegel, L. Steven, World Politics in New Era, Harcourt Brace College
Publishers, Orlando, Florida. 1995 pp 501
[3] Rousseau Jean-Jacques, The Social Contract,
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/rousseau-contract2.html
[4] Ole Wæver, working paper No. 6 -Security agendas old and new, and
how to survive them- presented at the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella,
Buenos Aires on Sept. 11-12. (2000)
[5] Juergensmeyer, Mark Terror In the Mind of God: The Global Rise of
Religious Violence. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los
Angeles, California. 2001 pp 5
[6] Lincoln, Bruce, Holy Terror. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
USA. 2003 pp. 100
[7] Morris, Norval and Hawkin, Gordon, The Honest Politician-s guide to
Crime Control. University of Chicago, USA. 1970 pp. 206
[8] http://www.fbi.gov/publish/terror/terrusa.html
[9] Anti-Terrorism Bill, The Government Printers, Nairobi 2003 pp. 448-
449
[10] Kenya Daily Nation Newspaper March 8th 2002
[11] http://www.inlink.com/~civitas/mun/res9596/terror.html.
[12] http://www.inlink.com/~civitas/mun/res9596/terror.html.
[13] Walzer, Michael, Just and Unjust Wars. Basic Books. New York. 2000
pp. 197
[14] Juergensmeyer, Mark Terror In the Mind of God: The Global Rise of
Religious Violence. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los
Angeles, California. 2001 pp. 72
[15] Schmid, Alex P. Thesaurus and Glossary of early warning and conflict
prevention terms. Forum on Early Warning and Early Response, The
Old Truman Brewery, 91-95 Brick Lane London. 2000.
[16] Combs, C. Cindy. Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century. Pearson
Education, Inc. New Jersey. 2003 pp. 10
[17] Lincoln, Bruce. Authority: Construction and Corrosion. University of
Chicago Press, Chicago. 1994
[18] Juergensmeyer, Mark Terror in the Mind of God. University of
California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, USA. 2001 pp. 139
[19] Kenya Daily Nation Newspaper Jan. 23rd 2004
[20] Anti-Terrorism Bill, The Government Printers, 2003 pp. 455
[21] All the figures were taken from The Kenya Daily Nation Newspaper of
respective dates
[22] The Aliens Restriction Act cap 173 pp. 2 of the Laws of Kenya
[23] Francis, T. Samuel, Conflict Studies. The Centre for Security and
Conflict studies (CSCS) 12/12G, Golden Square London. 1986 pp. 183-
194
[24] Maguire, Mike, Morgan, Rod and Reiner Robert, Handbook of
Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2002
[25] Laws of Kenya. The Police Act Chapter 84, Part III section 28. Pg. 13
[26] Maguire, Mike, Morgan, Rod and Reiner Robert, Handbook of
Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2002
[27] Kenya Human Rights Commission, Quarterly Human Rights Report
Vol. 3 Number 4 (2001 pp. 30)
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:59739", author = "Peter Ndichu Muriuki", title = "Securing Justice: A Critical Analysis of Kenya-s Post 9/11 Security Apparatus", abstract = "The 9/11 suicide attacks in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania, triggered a number of security responses both in the United States of America and other Countries in the World. Kenya, which is an ally and a close partner to North America and Europe, was not left behind. While many states had been parties to numerous terrorism conventions, their response in implementing them had been slow and needed this catalyst. This special case offered a window of opportunity for many “security conscious" regimes in cementing their legal-criminological and political security apparatus. At the international level, the 9/11 case led to the hasty adoption of Security Council resolution 1373 in 2001, which called upon states to adopt wide-ranging and comprehensive steps and strategies to combat international terrorism and to become parties to the relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism. Since then, Kenya has responded with speed in devising social-legal-criminological-political actions.
", keywords = "Justice, Policing, Security, Terrorism", volume = "6", number = "7", pages = "1844-8", }
