Scenarios for a Sustainable Energy Supply Results of a Case Study for Austria
A comprehensive discussion of feasible strategies for sustainable energy supply is urgently needed to achieve a turnaround of the current energy situation. The necessary fundamentals required for the development of a long term energy vision are lacking to a great extent due to the absence of reasonable long term scenarios that fulfill the requirements of climate protection and sustainable energy use. The contribution of the study is based on a search for sustainable energy paths in the long run for Austria. The analysis makes use of secondary data predominantly. The measures developed to avoid CO2 emissions and other ecological risk factors vary to a great extent among all economic sectors. This is shown by the calculation of CO2 cost of abatement curves. In this study it is demonstrated that the most effective technical measures with the lowest CO2 abatement costs yield solutions to the current energy problems. Various scenarios are presented concerning the question how the technological and environmental options for a sustainable energy system for Austria could look like in the long run. It is shown how sustainable energy can be supplied even with today-s technological knowledge and options available. The scenarios developed include an evaluation of the economic costs and ecological impacts. The results are not only applicable to Austria but demonstrate feasible and cost efficient ways towards a sustainable future.
[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), "UNO
Klimabericht 2007: Beitrag der WG III zum 4th Assessment Report,"
2007.
[2] Umweltbundesamt (2008). Umweltbundesamt - Klimaschutzbericht
2008. Report REP-0150. (Online). Available:
http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/umweltschutz/klima/klimawandel/treib
hausgase/
[3] E-Control, "Ökostrom sowie Energieverbrauchsentwicklung und
Vorschläge zur Effizienzsteigerung," Bericht der E-Control, Vienna,
2007.
[4] E-Control, "Bericht ├╝ber die Stromkennzeichnung 2008," Bericht der
E-Control, Vienna, 2008.
[5] Lebensministerium (2008). Klimastrategie 2007. Anpassung der
Klimastrategie Österreichs zur Erreichung des Kyoto-Ziels 2008-2012.
(Online). Available: http://www.klimastrategie.at
[6] D. A. Ellerman and A. Decaux, "Analysis of Post-Kyoto CO2 emission
trading using marginal abatement curves," Report 40, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology - Joint Program on the Science and Policy of
Global Change, 1998.
[7] P. Criqui, S. Mima and L. Viguir, "Marginal abatement cost of CO2
emission reductions, geographical flexibility and concrete ceilings: an
assessment using the POLES model," Energy Policy, vol. 27, pp. 585-
601, 1999.
[8] M. G. J. den Elzen and S. Both, "Modelling emission trading and
abatement cost in FAIR1.1.," RIVM report 728001/021, Netherland
National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 2002.
[9] C. Barthel, M. Bunse, W. Irrek, S. Thomas, T. Hanke, G. Wohlauf, L.
Kirchner, O. Wagner and N. Przhevalskaya, "Optionen und Potenziale
f├╝r Endenergieeffizienz und Energiedienstleistungen," Endbericht im
Auftrag der E.ON AG, Kurzfassung, Wuppertal, 2006
[10] McKinsey, "Kosten und Potenziale der Vermeidung von
Treibhausgasemissionen in Deutschland," Study of McKinsey &
Company, Inc. On behalf of "BDI initiativ - Wirtschaft f├╝r
Klimaschutz". Berlin, September 2007.
[11] N. H. Stern, "The Economics of Climate Change - the Stern Review,"
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[12] J. Morris, S. Paltsev and J. Reilly, "Marginal Abatement Costs and
Marginal Welfare Costs for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions:
Results from the EPPA Model," Report 164, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology - Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global
Change, 2008.
[13] O. Blanchard, P. Criqui and A. Kitous, "After the Hague, Bonn and
Marrakech: the future international market for emission permits and the
issue of hot air," Cahier de Recherche 27, Institute d-Economie et de
Politique de l-Energy, Paris, 2002.
[14] A. Loeschl and Z. X. Zhang, "The economic and environmental
implications of the US repudiation of the Kyoto Protocol and the
subsequent deals in Bonn and Marrakech," Nota di la Voro 23.2002,
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, 2002.
[15] A. Sonntag and U. Schubert, "Input-output-analysis as a holistic
approach to evaluate and rank energy policy actions. In: Towards a
holistic approach based on science and humanity, Eds. H. Schnitzer and
S. Ulgiati, pp. 351-359. Graz, Austria: Verlag der technischen
Universität Graz, 2008.
[16] G. Klepper and S. Peterson, "On the Robustness of Marginal Abatement
Cost Curves: The influence of World Energy Prices," Kiel Working
Paper No. 1138, Kiel Institute for World Economics, Germany, 2003.
[17] G. Lang, "Erhebung CO2 Emissionen und Energieverbrauch f├╝r
Wohngebäude im Bestand und Neubau in Österreich für den
Berichtszeitraum 2008 - 2020 zur Zielerreichung der EU -
Klimastrategie," IG Passivhaus Österreich, Netzwerk für Information,
Qualität und Weiterbildung, Vienna, 2007.
[18] H. Lechner, K. Nemestothy, M. Schweighofer, H. Tretter, and A. Veigl,
"Energieeffizienz und Erneuerbare 2010 - Eine Untersuchung zur
Umsetzung der Ziele des Regierungsprogramms zur Steigerung der
Energieeffizienz und des Anteils erneuerbarer Energieträger," Austrian
Energy Agency, Vienna, 2004.
[19] S. Joosen and K. Blok. (2001). Economic Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide
Emission Reduction in the Household and Services Sector in the EU.
(Online).:Available:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/climate_cha
nge/pdf/households_update.pdf
[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), "UNO
Klimabericht 2007: Beitrag der WG III zum 4th Assessment Report,"
2007.
[2] Umweltbundesamt (2008). Umweltbundesamt - Klimaschutzbericht
2008. Report REP-0150. (Online). Available:
http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/umweltschutz/klima/klimawandel/treib
hausgase/
[3] E-Control, "Ökostrom sowie Energieverbrauchsentwicklung und
Vorschläge zur Effizienzsteigerung," Bericht der E-Control, Vienna,
2007.
[4] E-Control, "Bericht ├╝ber die Stromkennzeichnung 2008," Bericht der
E-Control, Vienna, 2008.
[5] Lebensministerium (2008). Klimastrategie 2007. Anpassung der
Klimastrategie Österreichs zur Erreichung des Kyoto-Ziels 2008-2012.
(Online). Available: http://www.klimastrategie.at
[6] D. A. Ellerman and A. Decaux, "Analysis of Post-Kyoto CO2 emission
trading using marginal abatement curves," Report 40, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology - Joint Program on the Science and Policy of
Global Change, 1998.
[7] P. Criqui, S. Mima and L. Viguir, "Marginal abatement cost of CO2
emission reductions, geographical flexibility and concrete ceilings: an
assessment using the POLES model," Energy Policy, vol. 27, pp. 585-
601, 1999.
[8] M. G. J. den Elzen and S. Both, "Modelling emission trading and
abatement cost in FAIR1.1.," RIVM report 728001/021, Netherland
National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 2002.
[9] C. Barthel, M. Bunse, W. Irrek, S. Thomas, T. Hanke, G. Wohlauf, L.
Kirchner, O. Wagner and N. Przhevalskaya, "Optionen und Potenziale
f├╝r Endenergieeffizienz und Energiedienstleistungen," Endbericht im
Auftrag der E.ON AG, Kurzfassung, Wuppertal, 2006
[10] McKinsey, "Kosten und Potenziale der Vermeidung von
Treibhausgasemissionen in Deutschland," Study of McKinsey &
Company, Inc. On behalf of "BDI initiativ - Wirtschaft f├╝r
Klimaschutz". Berlin, September 2007.
[11] N. H. Stern, "The Economics of Climate Change - the Stern Review,"
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[12] J. Morris, S. Paltsev and J. Reilly, "Marginal Abatement Costs and
Marginal Welfare Costs for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions:
Results from the EPPA Model," Report 164, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology - Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global
Change, 2008.
[13] O. Blanchard, P. Criqui and A. Kitous, "After the Hague, Bonn and
Marrakech: the future international market for emission permits and the
issue of hot air," Cahier de Recherche 27, Institute d-Economie et de
Politique de l-Energy, Paris, 2002.
[14] A. Loeschl and Z. X. Zhang, "The economic and environmental
implications of the US repudiation of the Kyoto Protocol and the
subsequent deals in Bonn and Marrakech," Nota di la Voro 23.2002,
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, 2002.
[15] A. Sonntag and U. Schubert, "Input-output-analysis as a holistic
approach to evaluate and rank energy policy actions. In: Towards a
holistic approach based on science and humanity, Eds. H. Schnitzer and
S. Ulgiati, pp. 351-359. Graz, Austria: Verlag der technischen
Universität Graz, 2008.
[16] G. Klepper and S. Peterson, "On the Robustness of Marginal Abatement
Cost Curves: The influence of World Energy Prices," Kiel Working
Paper No. 1138, Kiel Institute for World Economics, Germany, 2003.
[17] G. Lang, "Erhebung CO2 Emissionen und Energieverbrauch f├╝r
Wohngebäude im Bestand und Neubau in Österreich für den
Berichtszeitraum 2008 - 2020 zur Zielerreichung der EU -
Klimastrategie," IG Passivhaus Österreich, Netzwerk für Information,
Qualität und Weiterbildung, Vienna, 2007.
[18] H. Lechner, K. Nemestothy, M. Schweighofer, H. Tretter, and A. Veigl,
"Energieeffizienz und Erneuerbare 2010 - Eine Untersuchung zur
Umsetzung der Ziele des Regierungsprogramms zur Steigerung der
Energieeffizienz und des Anteils erneuerbarer Energieträger," Austrian
Energy Agency, Vienna, 2004.
[19] S. Joosen and K. Blok. (2001). Economic Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide
Emission Reduction in the Household and Services Sector in the EU.
(Online).:Available:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/climate_cha
nge/pdf/households_update.pdf
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:60749", author = "Petra Wächter", title = "Scenarios for a Sustainable Energy Supply Results of a Case Study for Austria", abstract = "A comprehensive discussion of feasible strategies for sustainable energy supply is urgently needed to achieve a turnaround of the current energy situation. The necessary fundamentals required for the development of a long term energy vision are lacking to a great extent due to the absence of reasonable long term scenarios that fulfill the requirements of climate protection and sustainable energy use. The contribution of the study is based on a search for sustainable energy paths in the long run for Austria. The analysis makes use of secondary data predominantly. The measures developed to avoid CO2 emissions and other ecological risk factors vary to a great extent among all economic sectors. This is shown by the calculation of CO2 cost of abatement curves. In this study it is demonstrated that the most effective technical measures with the lowest CO2 abatement costs yield solutions to the current energy problems. Various scenarios are presented concerning the question how the technological and environmental options for a sustainable energy system for Austria could look like in the long run. It is shown how sustainable energy can be supplied even with today-s technological knowledge and options available. The scenarios developed include an evaluation of the economic costs and ecological impacts. The results are not only applicable to Austria but demonstrate feasible and cost efficient ways towards a sustainable future.
", keywords = "Cost of CO2 Abatement, Energy Economics, Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy Technologies, Sustainable Energy and Development.", volume = "3", number = "6", pages = "1123-6", }
