Robust Minutiae Watermarking in Wavelet Domain for Fingerprint Security
In this manuscript, a wavelet-based blind
watermarking scheme has been proposed as a means to provide
security to authenticity of a fingerprint. The information used for
identification or verification of a fingerprint mainly lies in its
minutiae. By robust watermarking of the minutiae in the fingerprint
image itself, the useful information can be extracted accurately even
if the fingerprint is severely degraded. The minutiae are converted in
a binary watermark and embedding these watermarks in the detail
regions increases the robustness of watermarking, at little to no
additional impact on image quality. It has been experimentally shown
that when the minutiae is embedded into wavelet detail coefficients
of a fingerprint image in spread spectrum fashion using a
pseudorandom sequence, the robustness is observed to have a
proportional response while perceptual invisibility has an inversely
proportional response to amplification factor “K". The DWT-based
technique has been found to be very robust against noises,
geometrical distortions filtering and JPEG compression attacks and is
also found to give remarkably better performance than DCT-based
technique in terms of correlation coefficient and number of erroneous
minutiae.
[1] S. Jain, "Digital watermarking techniques: A case study in fingerprints
& faces" in Proc. Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and
Image Processing ICVGIP 2000, pp. 139-144, 2000.
[2] D. Mathivadhani, C. Meena, "A Comparative Study on Fingerprint
Protection Using Watermarking Techniques," Global Journal of
Computer Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 98-102, 2010.
[3] M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Noore, M. H. Houck, K. Morris, "Robust
biometric image watermarking for fingerprint and face template
protection", IEICE Electronic Express vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 23-28, 2006.
[4] K. Zebbiche, F. Khelifi, "Region-Based Watermarking of Biometric
Images: Case Study in Fingerprint Images", International Journal of
Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 492942, 2008.
[5] K. Hui, L. Jing, Z. Xiao-dong, Z. Xiao-xu, "Study on Implementation of
a Fingerprint Watermark", in Proc. International Conference on
Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 725-728, 2008.
[6] V. Potdar, S. Han, E. Chang, "A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking
Techniques", in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Industrial
Informatics, pp. 709-716, 2005.
[7] H. Fu, "Literature Survey on Digital Image Watermarking", Lectures
notes on EE381K Multidimensional Signal Processing, 1998.
[8] C.V. Serdean, M. Tomlinson, J. Wade, A.M. Ambroze, "Protecting
Intellectual Rights: Digital Watermarking in the wavelet domain," IEEE
Int. Workshop Trends and Recent Achievements in IT, pp. 16-18, 2002.
[9] B. Furht, D. Kirovski, Encryption and Authentications: Techniques and
Applications, USA: Auerbach, 2006.
[10] I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, T. Leighton, T.G. Shamoon, "Secure Spread
Spectrum Watermarking for Multimedia", in Proc. ICIP-97, USA, vol.
6, pp. 1673- 1687, 1997.
[11] S.D. Lin, Chin-Feng Chen, "A robust DCT-based watermarking for
copyright protection", (2000) IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 415 - 421.
[12] J. Delaigle, C. De Vleeschouwer, B. Macq, " Psychovisual Approach to
Digital Picture Watermarking", Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 7,
no. 3, pp. 628-640, 1998.
[13] A. Graphs, "An Introduction to Wavelets," IEEE Computational Science
and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 50-61, 1995.
[14] R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2002.
[15] A. Abu-Errub, A. Al-Haj, "Optimized DWT Based Image
Watermarking," (2008) Proc. IEEE First International Conference on
Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies, pp. 1-6.
[16] A. Al-Haj, "Combined DWT-DCT Digital Image Watermarking",
(2007) Journal of Computer Science, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 740-746.
[17] R. Safabakhsh, S. Zaboli, A. Tabibiazar, "Digital Watermarking on Still
Images Using Wavelet Transform," in Proc. International Conference
on Information Technology: Coding and Computing ITCC-04, IEEE,
2004.
[18] R. Chouhan, A. Mishra, P. Khanna, "Wavelet-based robust digital
watermarking scheme for fingerprint authentication", Proc.
International Conference on Intelligent Computational Systems, pp. 29-
33, 2011.
[19] F. Zhao, X. Tang, "Preprocessing and postprocessing for skeleton-based
fingerprint minutiae extraction," Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, pp. 1270
- 1281, 2007.
[20] M. Kaur, M. Singh, A. Girdhar, P.S. Sandhu, "Fingerprint verification
system using Minutiae extraction technique", World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 46, pp. 2008.
[21] S. Bernard, N. Boujema, D. Vitale, C. Bricot, "Fingerprint Segmentation
using the Phase of Multiscale Gabor Wavelets", in Proc. 5th Asian
Conference on Computer Vision, Melbourne, Australia, January 2002.
[22] S.A. Sudiro, M. Paindavoine, T.M. Kusuma, "Simple Fingerprint
Minutiae Extraction Algorithm Using Crossing Number On Valley
Structure," in Proc. IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification
Advanced Technologies -07, pp. 41 - 44, 2007.
[23] F.A.P. Petitcolas, "Watermarking Schemes Evaluation", IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine, vol. 17, pp. 58-64, 2000.
[24] D. Maltoni, D. Maio, A. K. Jain, S. Prabhakar, Handbook of Fingerprint
Recognition. Second ed., London: Springer, 2009, DB1_B set from
FVC2000 and FVC2002 databases.
[1] S. Jain, "Digital watermarking techniques: A case study in fingerprints
& faces" in Proc. Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and
Image Processing ICVGIP 2000, pp. 139-144, 2000.
[2] D. Mathivadhani, C. Meena, "A Comparative Study on Fingerprint
Protection Using Watermarking Techniques," Global Journal of
Computer Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 98-102, 2010.
[3] M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Noore, M. H. Houck, K. Morris, "Robust
biometric image watermarking for fingerprint and face template
protection", IEICE Electronic Express vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 23-28, 2006.
[4] K. Zebbiche, F. Khelifi, "Region-Based Watermarking of Biometric
Images: Case Study in Fingerprint Images", International Journal of
Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 492942, 2008.
[5] K. Hui, L. Jing, Z. Xiao-dong, Z. Xiao-xu, "Study on Implementation of
a Fingerprint Watermark", in Proc. International Conference on
Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 725-728, 2008.
[6] V. Potdar, S. Han, E. Chang, "A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking
Techniques", in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Industrial
Informatics, pp. 709-716, 2005.
[7] H. Fu, "Literature Survey on Digital Image Watermarking", Lectures
notes on EE381K Multidimensional Signal Processing, 1998.
[8] C.V. Serdean, M. Tomlinson, J. Wade, A.M. Ambroze, "Protecting
Intellectual Rights: Digital Watermarking in the wavelet domain," IEEE
Int. Workshop Trends and Recent Achievements in IT, pp. 16-18, 2002.
[9] B. Furht, D. Kirovski, Encryption and Authentications: Techniques and
Applications, USA: Auerbach, 2006.
[10] I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, T. Leighton, T.G. Shamoon, "Secure Spread
Spectrum Watermarking for Multimedia", in Proc. ICIP-97, USA, vol.
6, pp. 1673- 1687, 1997.
[11] S.D. Lin, Chin-Feng Chen, "A robust DCT-based watermarking for
copyright protection", (2000) IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 415 - 421.
[12] J. Delaigle, C. De Vleeschouwer, B. Macq, " Psychovisual Approach to
Digital Picture Watermarking", Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 7,
no. 3, pp. 628-640, 1998.
[13] A. Graphs, "An Introduction to Wavelets," IEEE Computational Science
and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 50-61, 1995.
[14] R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2002.
[15] A. Abu-Errub, A. Al-Haj, "Optimized DWT Based Image
Watermarking," (2008) Proc. IEEE First International Conference on
Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies, pp. 1-6.
[16] A. Al-Haj, "Combined DWT-DCT Digital Image Watermarking",
(2007) Journal of Computer Science, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 740-746.
[17] R. Safabakhsh, S. Zaboli, A. Tabibiazar, "Digital Watermarking on Still
Images Using Wavelet Transform," in Proc. International Conference
on Information Technology: Coding and Computing ITCC-04, IEEE,
2004.
[18] R. Chouhan, A. Mishra, P. Khanna, "Wavelet-based robust digital
watermarking scheme for fingerprint authentication", Proc.
International Conference on Intelligent Computational Systems, pp. 29-
33, 2011.
[19] F. Zhao, X. Tang, "Preprocessing and postprocessing for skeleton-based
fingerprint minutiae extraction," Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, pp. 1270
- 1281, 2007.
[20] M. Kaur, M. Singh, A. Girdhar, P.S. Sandhu, "Fingerprint verification
system using Minutiae extraction technique", World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 46, pp. 2008.
[21] S. Bernard, N. Boujema, D. Vitale, C. Bricot, "Fingerprint Segmentation
using the Phase of Multiscale Gabor Wavelets", in Proc. 5th Asian
Conference on Computer Vision, Melbourne, Australia, January 2002.
[22] S.A. Sudiro, M. Paindavoine, T.M. Kusuma, "Simple Fingerprint
Minutiae Extraction Algorithm Using Crossing Number On Valley
Structure," in Proc. IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification
Advanced Technologies -07, pp. 41 - 44, 2007.
[23] F.A.P. Petitcolas, "Watermarking Schemes Evaluation", IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine, vol. 17, pp. 58-64, 2000.
[24] D. Maltoni, D. Maio, A. K. Jain, S. Prabhakar, Handbook of Fingerprint
Recognition. Second ed., London: Springer, 2009, DB1_B set from
FVC2000 and FVC2002 databases.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:53146", author = "Rajlaxmi Chouhan and Pritee Khanna", title = "Robust Minutiae Watermarking in Wavelet Domain for Fingerprint Security", abstract = "In this manuscript, a wavelet-based blind
watermarking scheme has been proposed as a means to provide
security to authenticity of a fingerprint. The information used for
identification or verification of a fingerprint mainly lies in its
minutiae. By robust watermarking of the minutiae in the fingerprint
image itself, the useful information can be extracted accurately even
if the fingerprint is severely degraded. The minutiae are converted in
a binary watermark and embedding these watermarks in the detail
regions increases the robustness of watermarking, at little to no
additional impact on image quality. It has been experimentally shown
that when the minutiae is embedded into wavelet detail coefficients
of a fingerprint image in spread spectrum fashion using a
pseudorandom sequence, the robustness is observed to have a
proportional response while perceptual invisibility has an inversely
proportional response to amplification factor “K". The DWT-based
technique has been found to be very robust against noises,
geometrical distortions filtering and JPEG compression attacks and is
also found to give remarkably better performance than DCT-based
technique in terms of correlation coefficient and number of erroneous
minutiae.", keywords = "Fingerprint watermarking, minutiae, discrete wavelet
transform, PN sequence", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "1561-8", }
