Recycling in Bogotá: A SWOT Analysis of Three Associations to Evaluate the Integrating the Informal Sector into Solid Waste Management
In emerging economies, recycling is an opportunity
for the cities to increase the lifespan of sanitary landfills, reduce the
costs of the solid waste management, decrease the environmental
problems of the waste treatment through reincorporate waste in the
productive cycle and protect and develop people’s livelihoods of
informal waste pickers. However, few studies have analysed the
possibilities and strategies to integrate formal and informal sectors in
the solid waste management for the benefit of both. This study seek
to make a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT)
analysis in three recycling associations of Bogotá with the aim to
understand and determine the situation of recycling from perspective
of informal sector in its transition to enter as authorized waste
providers. Data used in the analysis are derived from multiple
strategies such as literature review, the Bogota’s recycling database,
focus group meetings, governmental reports, national laws and
regulations and specific interviews with key stakeholders. Results of
this study show as the main stakeholders of formal and informal
sector of waste management can identify the internal and internal
conditions of recycling in Bogotá. Several strategies were designed
based on the SWOTs determined, could be useful for Bogotá to
advance and promote recycling as a key strategy for integrated
sustainable waste management in the city.
[1] UN-habitat, Solid waste management in the world’s cities water and
sanitation in the world’s cities. United Nations Human Settlements
Programme, 2010. http://mirror.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx
?publicationID=2918
[2] U. Arena, and F. Gregorio, “A waste management planning based on
substance flow analysis,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol.
85, pp. 54-66, Apr. 2014.
[3] D. Loughlin, and M. Barlaz, “Policies for Strengthening Markets for
Recyclables: A Worldwide Perspective,” Critical Reviews in
Environmental Science and Technology. vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 287-326,
2006.
[4] S. Sasaki, T. Araki, A. Tambunan, and H. Prasadja, “Household income,
living and working conditions of dumpsite waste pickers in Bantar
Gebang: Toward integrated waste management in Indonesia,”
Resources, Conservation and Recycling. vol. 89, pp. 11-21. June 2014.
[5] A. Matter, M. Dietschi, and C. Zurbrügg, “Improving the informal
recycling sector through segregation of waste in the household - The
case of Dhaka Bangladesh,” Habitat International., vol. 38, pp. 150-156.
2013.
[6] E. Sembiring, and V. Nitivattananon, “Sustainable solid waste
management toward an inclusive society: Integration of the informal
sector,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling. vol. 54, pp. 802-809.
January 2010.
[7] T. Nzeadive, “Solid waste reforms and informal recycling in Enugu
urban area, Nigeria,” Habitat International., vol. 33, pp. 93-99. 2009.
[8] S. Ojeda, C. Vega, and E. Ramirez, “Formal and informal recovery of
recyclables in Mexicali, Mexico: handling alternatives,” Resources,
Conservation and Recycling. vol. 34, pp. 273–288. 2002.
[9] DANE, UAESP, Recycling in Bogota: Actors, process and perspectives.
2004. ftp://190. 25.231.247/books/LD_9350_2001_2003_EJ_5.PDF
[10] A. Betancourt, Waste Pickers in Bogotá: From Informal Practice to
Policy. 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62131
[11] A. Hurtado, The social representation of recycling and care for the
environment, a proposal for high school. 2012. http://www.bdigital.unal.
edu.co/8666/1/jymyalexanderhurtado morales.2012.pdf
[12] District Planning Secretary of Bogotá, Food consumption and organic
waste production in urban households of Bogotá. 2012. www.sdp.gov.co
[13] H. L. Pesonen, “Sustainability SWOTs—new method for summa- rizing
product sustainability information for business decision making. A paper
presented in the LCM 2007 conference,” 2007, in proc http://
www.lcm2007.org/presentation/mo_3.10-pesonen.pdf At:. Accessed 2
October 2014.
[14] I. Nikolau, and K. Evangelinos, “A SWOT analysis of environmental
management practices in Greek Mining and Mineral Industry,”
Resources Policy., vol. 35, pp. 226-235. February 2010.
[15] P. Srivastava, K. Kulshreshtha, C. Mohanty, P. Pushpangadan, and A.
Singh, “Stakeholder-based SWOT analysis for successful municipal
solid waste management in Lucknow, India,” Waste Management., vol.
25, pp. 531–537. 2004.
[16] M. Zamorano, A. Grindlay, E. Molero, and M. Rodriguez, “Diagnosis
and proposals for waste management in industrial areas in the service
sector: case study in the metropolitan area of Granada (Spain),” Journal
of Cleaner of Production., vol. 19, pp. 1946-1955. July 2011.
[17] H. L. Pesonen, and S. Horn, “Evaluating the Sustainability SWOT as a
streamlined tool for life cycle sustainability assessment,” International
Journal Life Cycle Assess., vol. 18, pp. 1780–1792. June 2012.
[18] W. Klopffer, “Life cycle sustainability assessment of products (with
comments by Helias A. Udo de Haes, p. 95),” Int J Life Cycle Assess.,
vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 89–95. Dec. 2008.
[19] DANE, Economic annual survey of Colombia and Bogotá. 2012,
https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/pib-cuentas-nacionales/cuentasanuales
[20] DANE, Projections of population in Bogotá. 2012 https://www.
dane.gov.co/index.php/poblacion-y-registros-vitales/nacimientos-ydefunciones/
nacimientos-y-defunciones
[21] JICA and UAESP, Project of study of master plan for integral waste
management in Bogotá. Report. 2013. http://www.uaesp.gov.co/uaesp
_jo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=96&Itemid=81
[22] JEM (Japanese Ministry of the Environment), Annual Report on the
Environment, the Sound Material-Cycle Society and the Biodiversity in
Japan. 2013 http://www.env.go.jp/en/headline/headline.php?serial=1961
[23] C. Ezeah, J. Fazakerley, C. Roberts, “Emerging trends in informal sector
recycling in developing and transition countries,” Waste Management.,
vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 2509-2519. July 2013.
[1] UN-habitat, Solid waste management in the world’s cities water and
sanitation in the world’s cities. United Nations Human Settlements
Programme, 2010. http://mirror.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx
?publicationID=2918
[2] U. Arena, and F. Gregorio, “A waste management planning based on
substance flow analysis,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol.
85, pp. 54-66, Apr. 2014.
[3] D. Loughlin, and M. Barlaz, “Policies for Strengthening Markets for
Recyclables: A Worldwide Perspective,” Critical Reviews in
Environmental Science and Technology. vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 287-326,
2006.
[4] S. Sasaki, T. Araki, A. Tambunan, and H. Prasadja, “Household income,
living and working conditions of dumpsite waste pickers in Bantar
Gebang: Toward integrated waste management in Indonesia,”
Resources, Conservation and Recycling. vol. 89, pp. 11-21. June 2014.
[5] A. Matter, M. Dietschi, and C. Zurbrügg, “Improving the informal
recycling sector through segregation of waste in the household - The
case of Dhaka Bangladesh,” Habitat International., vol. 38, pp. 150-156.
2013.
[6] E. Sembiring, and V. Nitivattananon, “Sustainable solid waste
management toward an inclusive society: Integration of the informal
sector,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling. vol. 54, pp. 802-809.
January 2010.
[7] T. Nzeadive, “Solid waste reforms and informal recycling in Enugu
urban area, Nigeria,” Habitat International., vol. 33, pp. 93-99. 2009.
[8] S. Ojeda, C. Vega, and E. Ramirez, “Formal and informal recovery of
recyclables in Mexicali, Mexico: handling alternatives,” Resources,
Conservation and Recycling. vol. 34, pp. 273–288. 2002.
[9] DANE, UAESP, Recycling in Bogota: Actors, process and perspectives.
2004. ftp://190. 25.231.247/books/LD_9350_2001_2003_EJ_5.PDF
[10] A. Betancourt, Waste Pickers in Bogotá: From Informal Practice to
Policy. 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62131
[11] A. Hurtado, The social representation of recycling and care for the
environment, a proposal for high school. 2012. http://www.bdigital.unal.
edu.co/8666/1/jymyalexanderhurtado morales.2012.pdf
[12] District Planning Secretary of Bogotá, Food consumption and organic
waste production in urban households of Bogotá. 2012. www.sdp.gov.co
[13] H. L. Pesonen, “Sustainability SWOTs—new method for summa- rizing
product sustainability information for business decision making. A paper
presented in the LCM 2007 conference,” 2007, in proc http://
www.lcm2007.org/presentation/mo_3.10-pesonen.pdf At:. Accessed 2
October 2014.
[14] I. Nikolau, and K. Evangelinos, “A SWOT analysis of environmental
management practices in Greek Mining and Mineral Industry,”
Resources Policy., vol. 35, pp. 226-235. February 2010.
[15] P. Srivastava, K. Kulshreshtha, C. Mohanty, P. Pushpangadan, and A.
Singh, “Stakeholder-based SWOT analysis for successful municipal
solid waste management in Lucknow, India,” Waste Management., vol.
25, pp. 531–537. 2004.
[16] M. Zamorano, A. Grindlay, E. Molero, and M. Rodriguez, “Diagnosis
and proposals for waste management in industrial areas in the service
sector: case study in the metropolitan area of Granada (Spain),” Journal
of Cleaner of Production., vol. 19, pp. 1946-1955. July 2011.
[17] H. L. Pesonen, and S. Horn, “Evaluating the Sustainability SWOT as a
streamlined tool for life cycle sustainability assessment,” International
Journal Life Cycle Assess., vol. 18, pp. 1780–1792. June 2012.
[18] W. Klopffer, “Life cycle sustainability assessment of products (with
comments by Helias A. Udo de Haes, p. 95),” Int J Life Cycle Assess.,
vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 89–95. Dec. 2008.
[19] DANE, Economic annual survey of Colombia and Bogotá. 2012,
https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/pib-cuentas-nacionales/cuentasanuales
[20] DANE, Projections of population in Bogotá. 2012 https://www.
dane.gov.co/index.php/poblacion-y-registros-vitales/nacimientos-ydefunciones/
nacimientos-y-defunciones
[21] JICA and UAESP, Project of study of master plan for integral waste
management in Bogotá. Report. 2013. http://www.uaesp.gov.co/uaesp
_jo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=96&Itemid=81
[22] JEM (Japanese Ministry of the Environment), Annual Report on the
Environment, the Sound Material-Cycle Society and the Biodiversity in
Japan. 2013 http://www.env.go.jp/en/headline/headline.php?serial=1961
[23] C. Ezeah, J. Fazakerley, C. Roberts, “Emerging trends in informal sector
recycling in developing and transition countries,” Waste Management.,
vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 2509-2519. July 2013.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:69786", author = "Clara Inés Pardo Martínez and William H. Alfonso Piña", title = "Recycling in Bogotá: A SWOT Analysis of Three Associations to Evaluate the Integrating the Informal Sector into Solid Waste Management", abstract = "In emerging economies, recycling is an opportunity
for the cities to increase the lifespan of sanitary landfills, reduce the
costs of the solid waste management, decrease the environmental
problems of the waste treatment through reincorporate waste in the
productive cycle and protect and develop people’s livelihoods of
informal waste pickers. However, few studies have analysed the
possibilities and strategies to integrate formal and informal sectors in
the solid waste management for the benefit of both. This study seek
to make a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT)
analysis in three recycling associations of Bogotá with the aim to
understand and determine the situation of recycling from perspective
of informal sector in its transition to enter as authorized waste
providers. Data used in the analysis are derived from multiple
strategies such as literature review, the Bogota’s recycling database,
focus group meetings, governmental reports, national laws and
regulations and specific interviews with key stakeholders. Results of
this study show as the main stakeholders of formal and informal
sector of waste management can identify the internal and internal
conditions of recycling in Bogotá. Several strategies were designed
based on the SWOTs determined, could be useful for Bogotá to
advance and promote recycling as a key strategy for integrated
sustainable waste management in the city.
", keywords = "Bogotá, recycling, solid waste management, SWOT
analysis.", volume = "9", number = "6", pages = "1793-6", }
