Drinking water is one of the most valuable resources
available to mankind. The presence of pathogens in drinking water is
highly undesirable. Because of the Lateritic soil, the iron
concentrations were high in ground water. High concentration of iron
and other trace elements could restrict bacterial growth and modify
their metabolic pattern as well. The bacterial growth rate reduced in
the presence of iron in water. This paper presents the results of a
controlled laboratory study conducted to assess the inhibition of
micro-organism (pathogen) in well waters in the presence of
dissolved iron concentrations. Synthetic samples were studied in the
laboratory and the results compared with field samples. Predictive
model for microbial inhibition in the presence of iron is presented. It
was seen that the bore wells, open wells and the field results varied,
probably due to the nature of micro-organism utilizing the iron in
well waters.
[1] APHA (2000). "Standard methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater". 20th edition┬® APHA, AWWA, WEF.
[2] Al-Tabbaa A. and Walsh S., (1994), Geotechnical properties of a clay
contaminated with an organic chemical. First International Congress on
Environmental Geotechniques, July 1994, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
599-604.
[3] BIS 10500-1991, Bureau of Indian Standards, "Indian Standard Drinking
Water Specifications".
[4] Chamnongpol S, Dodson W, Cromie MJ, Harris ZL , Groisman EA
(2002). "12 Fe (III) mediated cellular toxicity". Mol Microbiol, vol.45,
pp. 711-719.
[5] Foreman D.E., and Daniel D.E., (1986) Permeation of compacted clay
with organic chemicals. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,
Vol.112, No.7, pp.669-681.
[6] Gnanapragasam N., Lewis B.G., and Finno R.J., (1995), Microstructural
changes in sand-bentonite soils when exposed to aniline. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 121, No.2, pp.119-125.
[7] Kalantari, Narges (2008). "Evaluation of Toxicity of Iron, Chromium and
Cadmium on Bacillus cereus Growth". Iranian Journal of Basic Medical
Sciences. Vol. 10, No.4, Winter 2008, pp. 222 - 228.
[8] Kamon M., Ying C., and Katsumi T., (1996), Effect of acid rain on lime
and cement stabilized soils. Japanese Geotechnical Society 36 (4), pp.91-
96.
[9] Khan A.K., and Pise P.J., (1994). Effect of liquid wastes on the physicochemical
properties of lateritic soils. Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical
Conference, December-1994, Warangal. pp.189-194.
[10] Kirov, B. ( 1989 ) " Influence of Waste Water on Soil Deformation",
proc. of 12th ICSMFE - 1989. , Brazil, pp.1881 - 1882.
[11] Kumapley N. and Ishola N.K., (1985), The effect of chemical
contamination on soil strength, Proc. of XI International Conference on
Soil Mechanics Foundation Engineering, Sanfrancisco, vol. 3, pp.1199-
1201.
[12] MCC (2008). Mangalore City Corporation website accessed at
http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/ accessed on 12/2/2009.
[13] NEERI (2006). Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Mangalore
SEZ, submitted to Mangalore City Corporation, accessed at
http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/sez1.html accessed on 12/2/2009.
[14] Roque A.J., and Didier G., (2006), Calculating hydraulic conductivity of
fine grained soils to lecahates using linear expressions. Journal of
Engineering Geology, UK, Vol.85, No.1, pp.147-157.
[15] Shrihari, S. (2010) "Suitability Of Lateritic Soil For Improvement Of
Ground Water Quality" Proceedings of the Conference on Sustainable
Water Resources Management - SwaRM 2010", 7-8 January, 2010,
NITK Surathkal, India.
[16] Sivapullaiah, P.V., and Savitha, S., (1997), Performance of bentonite clay
liner with electrolytic leachates. Proc. of Indian Geotechnical Conference,
Vododara, India. pp. 363-366.
[17] Soule N.M., and Burns S.E, (2001), Effects of organic cation structure on
behavior of organobentonites. Journal of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, vol. 127, No.4, pp.363-370.
[18] Sridharan A., Nagaraj T.S. and Sivapullaiah P.V., (1981) Heaving of soil
due to acid contamination. Proc. of International Conference on Soil
Mechanics Foundation Engineering (2). Stockholm, pp.383-386.
[19] Sunil B.M. (2003), "Effect of Wastewater on the Geotechnical Properties
of Laterite", M-Tech Thesis, NITK-Surathkal, Karnataka.
[20] Sunil B.M., Sitaram Nayak and Shrihari S., (2006), Effect of pH on the
geotechnical properties of laterite. Journal of Engineering Geology, UK,
Vol.85, No.1, 197-203.
[21] Uppot J.O., and Stephenson R.W., (1989). Permeability of clays under
organic permeants. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.115,
No.1, pp.115-131.
[1] APHA (2000). "Standard methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater". 20th edition┬® APHA, AWWA, WEF.
[2] Al-Tabbaa A. and Walsh S., (1994), Geotechnical properties of a clay
contaminated with an organic chemical. First International Congress on
Environmental Geotechniques, July 1994, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
599-604.
[3] BIS 10500-1991, Bureau of Indian Standards, "Indian Standard Drinking
Water Specifications".
[4] Chamnongpol S, Dodson W, Cromie MJ, Harris ZL , Groisman EA
(2002). "12 Fe (III) mediated cellular toxicity". Mol Microbiol, vol.45,
pp. 711-719.
[5] Foreman D.E., and Daniel D.E., (1986) Permeation of compacted clay
with organic chemicals. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,
Vol.112, No.7, pp.669-681.
[6] Gnanapragasam N., Lewis B.G., and Finno R.J., (1995), Microstructural
changes in sand-bentonite soils when exposed to aniline. Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 121, No.2, pp.119-125.
[7] Kalantari, Narges (2008). "Evaluation of Toxicity of Iron, Chromium and
Cadmium on Bacillus cereus Growth". Iranian Journal of Basic Medical
Sciences. Vol. 10, No.4, Winter 2008, pp. 222 - 228.
[8] Kamon M., Ying C., and Katsumi T., (1996), Effect of acid rain on lime
and cement stabilized soils. Japanese Geotechnical Society 36 (4), pp.91-
96.
[9] Khan A.K., and Pise P.J., (1994). Effect of liquid wastes on the physicochemical
properties of lateritic soils. Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical
Conference, December-1994, Warangal. pp.189-194.
[10] Kirov, B. ( 1989 ) " Influence of Waste Water on Soil Deformation",
proc. of 12th ICSMFE - 1989. , Brazil, pp.1881 - 1882.
[11] Kumapley N. and Ishola N.K., (1985), The effect of chemical
contamination on soil strength, Proc. of XI International Conference on
Soil Mechanics Foundation Engineering, Sanfrancisco, vol. 3, pp.1199-
1201.
[12] MCC (2008). Mangalore City Corporation website accessed at
http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/ accessed on 12/2/2009.
[13] NEERI (2006). Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Mangalore
SEZ, submitted to Mangalore City Corporation, accessed at
http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/sez1.html accessed on 12/2/2009.
[14] Roque A.J., and Didier G., (2006), Calculating hydraulic conductivity of
fine grained soils to lecahates using linear expressions. Journal of
Engineering Geology, UK, Vol.85, No.1, pp.147-157.
[15] Shrihari, S. (2010) "Suitability Of Lateritic Soil For Improvement Of
Ground Water Quality" Proceedings of the Conference on Sustainable
Water Resources Management - SwaRM 2010", 7-8 January, 2010,
NITK Surathkal, India.
[16] Sivapullaiah, P.V., and Savitha, S., (1997), Performance of bentonite clay
liner with electrolytic leachates. Proc. of Indian Geotechnical Conference,
Vododara, India. pp. 363-366.
[17] Soule N.M., and Burns S.E, (2001), Effects of organic cation structure on
behavior of organobentonites. Journal of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, vol. 127, No.4, pp.363-370.
[18] Sridharan A., Nagaraj T.S. and Sivapullaiah P.V., (1981) Heaving of soil
due to acid contamination. Proc. of International Conference on Soil
Mechanics Foundation Engineering (2). Stockholm, pp.383-386.
[19] Sunil B.M. (2003), "Effect of Wastewater on the Geotechnical Properties
of Laterite", M-Tech Thesis, NITK-Surathkal, Karnataka.
[20] Sunil B.M., Sitaram Nayak and Shrihari S., (2006), Effect of pH on the
geotechnical properties of laterite. Journal of Engineering Geology, UK,
Vol.85, No.1, 197-203.
[21] Uppot J.O., and Stephenson R.W., (1989). Permeability of clays under
organic permeants. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.115,
No.1, pp.115-131.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:50124", author = "Umapriya.R. and S.Shrihari", title = "Pathogen Removal Under the Influence of Iron", abstract = "Drinking water is one of the most valuable resources
available to mankind. The presence of pathogens in drinking water is
highly undesirable. Because of the Lateritic soil, the iron
concentrations were high in ground water. High concentration of iron
and other trace elements could restrict bacterial growth and modify
their metabolic pattern as well. The bacterial growth rate reduced in
the presence of iron in water. This paper presents the results of a
controlled laboratory study conducted to assess the inhibition of
micro-organism (pathogen) in well waters in the presence of
dissolved iron concentrations. Synthetic samples were studied in the
laboratory and the results compared with field samples. Predictive
model for microbial inhibition in the presence of iron is presented. It
was seen that the bore wells, open wells and the field results varied,
probably due to the nature of micro-organism utilizing the iron in
well waters.", keywords = "Disinfection, Disinfectant, Iron, Laterite.", volume = "4", number = "12", pages = "618-6", }
