Parental Restriction and Children’s Appetitive Traits: A Study among Children Aged 5-11 Years Old in Dubai Private Schools
This study explores associations between parental restriction and children's appetitive traits, putting to test the hypothesis that parental “restriction” is associated with having a child with stronger food approach tendencies (food enjoyment (FE) and food over responsiveness (FR)). The participants, from 55 nationalities, targeting 1081 parents of 5- to 11-year-old children from 7 private schools in Dubai, UAE, who completed self-reported questionnaires over the 2011-2012 school year. The questionnaire has been a tailored amalgamation of CEBQ and CFQ in order to measure the children’s appetitive traits and parental restriction, respectively. The findings of this quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional analysis confirmed the hypothesis in that “parental restriction” was positively associated with child food responsiveness (r, 0.183), food enjoyment (r, 0.102). To conclude, as far as the figures depict, the parents controlling their children’s food intake would seemingly a reverse impact on their eating behavior in the short term.
[1] Birch, L. L. & Fisher, J. O. (2000). Mothers' child-feeding practices influence daughters' eating and weight. Am J Clin Nutr, 71(5):1054-61.
[2] Birch, L. L. (2006). Child Feeding Practices and the Etiology of Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring), 14(3), 343–344 doi: 10.1038/oby.2006.45
[3] Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O. & Davison, K. K. (2003). Learning to overeat: maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls' eating in the absence of hunger. Am J Clin Nutr, 78(2):215-20.
[4] Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O., Grimm-Thomas, K., Markey, C. N., Sawyer, R. & Johnson, S.L. (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness, Appetite, 36(3) , 201–210
[5] Braet, C., Soetens, B., Moens, E., Goossens, S. M. & Vlierberghe L. V. (2007). Are two informants better than one? Parent-child agreement on the eating styles of children who are overweight. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 15(6):410-7.
[6] Brown, R. & Ogden, J. (2004). Children’s eating attitudes and behaviour: a study of the modeling and control theories of parental influence. Oxford Journals, 19 (3), 261-271.
[7] Farrow, C., Galloway, A. T. & Fraser, K. (2009). Sibling eating behaviours and differential child feeding practices reported by parents. Appetite, 52,307-312.
[8] Fisher, J. O. & Birch, L. L. (1999). Restricting access to palatable foods affects children's behavioral response, food selection, and intake. American Society for Clinical Nutrition, 69, 1,264-1,272
[9] Francis, L. A., Hofer, S. M. & Birch, L. L. (2001). Predictors of maternal child-feeding style: maternal and child characteristics, Appetite, 37(3):231-43
[10] Fulkerson, J. A., Neumark-Sztainer, D. & Story, M. (2006). Adolescent and parent views of family meals. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 106(4), 526-532.
[11] Scaglioni, S., Salvioni, M. & Galimberti, C. (2008). Influence of parental attitudes in the development of children eating behaviour. British Journal of Nutrition, 99 (1). S22-S25
[12] Sleddens, FC. E., Kremers, PJ. S. & Thijs, C. (2008). The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: factorial validity and association with Body Mass Index in Dutch children aged 6–7, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5:49 doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-49
[13] Tan, C. C., Holub, S. C., (2012). Maternal feeding practices associated with food neophobia. Appetite, P: 483–487
[14] Ventrura, A. K., & Birch, L. L. (2008). Does parenting affect children's eating and weight status? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5:15 doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-15
[15] Wardle, J., Sanderson, S., Guthrie, C.A., Rapoport, L. & Plomin, R. (2002). Parental feeding style and the intergenerational transmission of obesity risk. Obesity research, 10 (6), 453-462
[16] Webber, L., Cooke, L., Hill, C. & Wardle, J. (2010). Adiposity and maternal feeding practices: a longitudinal analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 92(6),1423-8. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.2010.30112.
[17] Webber, L., Cooke, L., Hill, C. & Wardle, J. (2010). Associations between Children's Appetitive Traits and Maternal Feeding Practices. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(11), 1718-1722,
[18] Webber, L., Hill, C., Cooke, L., Carnell, S. & Wardle, J. (2010). Associations between child weight and maternal feeding styles are mediated by maternal perceptions and concerns, Eur J Clin Nutr, 64(3), 259-65.
[1] Birch, L. L. & Fisher, J. O. (2000). Mothers' child-feeding practices influence daughters' eating and weight. Am J Clin Nutr, 71(5):1054-61.
[2] Birch, L. L. (2006). Child Feeding Practices and the Etiology of Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring), 14(3), 343–344 doi: 10.1038/oby.2006.45
[3] Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O. & Davison, K. K. (2003). Learning to overeat: maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls' eating in the absence of hunger. Am J Clin Nutr, 78(2):215-20.
[4] Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O., Grimm-Thomas, K., Markey, C. N., Sawyer, R. & Johnson, S.L. (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness, Appetite, 36(3) , 201–210
[5] Braet, C., Soetens, B., Moens, E., Goossens, S. M. & Vlierberghe L. V. (2007). Are two informants better than one? Parent-child agreement on the eating styles of children who are overweight. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 15(6):410-7.
[6] Brown, R. & Ogden, J. (2004). Children’s eating attitudes and behaviour: a study of the modeling and control theories of parental influence. Oxford Journals, 19 (3), 261-271.
[7] Farrow, C., Galloway, A. T. & Fraser, K. (2009). Sibling eating behaviours and differential child feeding practices reported by parents. Appetite, 52,307-312.
[8] Fisher, J. O. & Birch, L. L. (1999). Restricting access to palatable foods affects children's behavioral response, food selection, and intake. American Society for Clinical Nutrition, 69, 1,264-1,272
[9] Francis, L. A., Hofer, S. M. & Birch, L. L. (2001). Predictors of maternal child-feeding style: maternal and child characteristics, Appetite, 37(3):231-43
[10] Fulkerson, J. A., Neumark-Sztainer, D. & Story, M. (2006). Adolescent and parent views of family meals. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 106(4), 526-532.
[11] Scaglioni, S., Salvioni, M. & Galimberti, C. (2008). Influence of parental attitudes in the development of children eating behaviour. British Journal of Nutrition, 99 (1). S22-S25
[12] Sleddens, FC. E., Kremers, PJ. S. & Thijs, C. (2008). The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: factorial validity and association with Body Mass Index in Dutch children aged 6–7, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5:49 doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-49
[13] Tan, C. C., Holub, S. C., (2012). Maternal feeding practices associated with food neophobia. Appetite, P: 483–487
[14] Ventrura, A. K., & Birch, L. L. (2008). Does parenting affect children's eating and weight status? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5:15 doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-15
[15] Wardle, J., Sanderson, S., Guthrie, C.A., Rapoport, L. & Plomin, R. (2002). Parental feeding style and the intergenerational transmission of obesity risk. Obesity research, 10 (6), 453-462
[16] Webber, L., Cooke, L., Hill, C. & Wardle, J. (2010). Adiposity and maternal feeding practices: a longitudinal analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 92(6),1423-8. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.2010.30112.
[17] Webber, L., Cooke, L., Hill, C. & Wardle, J. (2010). Associations between Children's Appetitive Traits and Maternal Feeding Practices. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(11), 1718-1722,
[18] Webber, L., Hill, C., Cooke, L., Carnell, S. & Wardle, J. (2010). Associations between child weight and maternal feeding styles are mediated by maternal perceptions and concerns, Eur J Clin Nutr, 64(3), 259-65.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:65696", author = "Hajar Aman Key Yekani and Yusra Mushtaq and Behnaz Farahani and Hamed Abdi", title = "Parental Restriction and Children’s Appetitive Traits: A Study among Children Aged 5-11 Years Old in Dubai Private Schools", abstract = "This study explores associations between parental restriction and children's appetitive traits, putting to test the hypothesis that parental “restriction” is associated with having a child with stronger food approach tendencies (food enjoyment (FE) and food over responsiveness (FR)). The participants, from 55 nationalities, targeting 1081 parents of 5- to 11-year-old children from 7 private schools in Dubai, UAE, who completed self-reported questionnaires over the 2011-2012 school year. The questionnaire has been a tailored amalgamation of CEBQ and CFQ in order to measure the children’s appetitive traits and parental restriction, respectively. The findings of this quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional analysis confirmed the hypothesis in that “parental restriction” was positively associated with child food responsiveness (r, 0.183), food enjoyment (r, 0.102). To conclude, as far as the figures depict, the parents controlling their children’s food intake would seemingly a reverse impact on their eating behavior in the short term.
", keywords = "Parental Restriction, Children Eating Behavior, Approach Tendency, Avoidance Tendency.", volume = "7", number = "12", pages = "3051-5", }
