Parametric Analysis on Hydrogen Production using Mixtures of Pure Cellulosic and Calcium Oxide
As the fossil fuels kept on depleting, intense research in developing hydrogen (H2) as the alternative fuel has been done to cater our tremendous demand for fuel. The potential of H2 as the ultimate clean fuel differs with the fossil fuel that releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the surrounding and leads to the global warming. The experimental work was carried out to study the production of H2 from palm kernel shell steam gasification at different variables such as heating rate, steam to biomass ratio and adsorbent to biomass ratio. Maximum H2 composition which is 61% (volume basis) was obtained at heating rate of 100oCmin-1, steam/biomass of 2:1 ratio, and adsorbent/biomass of 1:1 ratio. The commercial adsorbent had been modified by utilizing the alcoholwater mixture. Characteristics of both adsorbents were investigated and it is concluded that flowability and floodability of modified CaO is significantly improved.
[1] B. C. R. Ewan, and R. W. K. Allen, "A figure of merit assessment of the
routes to hydrogen," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 30, pp. 809-819, July
2005.
[2] B. Dou, V. Dupont, G. Rickett, N. Blakeman, P. T. Williams, H. Chen,
et al., "Hydrogen production by sorption-enhanced steam reforming of
glycerol," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 100, pp. 3540-3547, July 2009.
[3] N. H. Florin, and A. T. Harris, "Enhanced hydrogen production from
biomass with in situ carbon dioxide capture using calcium oxide
sorbents," Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 63, pp. 287-316, January 2008.
[4] N. Howaniec, and A. Smoliński, "Steam gasification of energy crops of
high cultivation potential in Poland to hydrogen-rich gas," Int. J.
Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, pp. 2038-2043, February 2011.
[5] W. Jangsawang, A.K. Gupta, K. Kitagawa, and S.C. Lee, "High
temperature steam and air gasification of non woody biomass waste,"
As. J. Energy Env., vol. 8, pp. 601-609, 2007.
[6] S. Choi, J. Drese, and C. Jones, "Adsorbent materials for carbon dioxide
capture from large anthropogenic point sources," ChemSusChem, vol. 2,
pp. 796-854, September 2009.
[7] T. Hanaoka, T. Yoshida, S. Fujimoto, K. Kamei, M. Harada, Y. Suzuki,
et al., "Hydrogen production from woody biomass by steam gasification
using a CO2 sorbent," Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 28, pp. 63-68, January
2005.
[8] L. Wei, S. Xu, J. Liu, C. Liu, and S. Liu, "Hydrogen production in
steam gasification of biomass with CaO as a CO2 absorbent," Energy
Fuels, vol. 22, pp. 1997-2004, May 2008.
[9] M. R. Mahishi, and D. Y. Goswami, "An experimental study of
hydrogen production by gasification of biomass in the presence of a
CO2 sorbent," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, pp. 2803-2808,
September 2007.
[10] S. Lin, Y. Suzuki, H. Hatano, M. Oya, and M. Harada, "Innovative
hydrogen production by reaction integrated novel gasification process
(HyPr-RING)," J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., vol. 101, pp. 53-59,
January/February 2001.
[11] R.L.Carr, "Evaluating flow properties of solids," Chem. Eng., vol. 72,
pp. 163-168, January 1965.
[12] B. Rumela, K. Muthukumarappan, and K. A. Rosentrater, "Towards an
understanding of DDGS flowability characteristics,"in 2007
CSBE/ASABE North Central Intersectional Conf., Fargo, ND, Paper
:RRV07148.
[13] D. McGlinchey, Bulk Solids Handling: Equipment Selection and
Operation. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
[14] V. Ganesan, K. Muthukumarappan, and K.A. Rosentrater, "Effect of
moisture content and soluble level on physical, chemical and flow
properties of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)," Cereal
Chem., vol. 85, pp. 464-470, July/August 2011.
[15] M.T. Arpin, and S. Yusup, "Enhancement of calcium oxide (CaO) for
carbon dioxide (CO2) capture," Can. J. Pure Appl. Sci., vol. 5, pp.
1391-1397, February 2011.
[16] J. Adánez, V. Fierro, F. García-Labiano, and J. Palacios, "Study of
modified calcium hydroxides for enhancing SO2 removal during sorbent
injection in pulverized coal boilers," Fuel, vol. 76, pp. 257-265,
February 1997.
[17] H. Gupta, and L. Fan, "Carbonation-calcination cycle using high
reactivity calcium oxide for carbon dioxide separation from flue gas,"
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 41, pp. 4035-4042, July 2002.
[18] C. Franco, F. Pinto, I. Gulyurtlu, and I. Cabrita, "The study of reactions
influencing the biomass steam gasification process," Fuel, vol. 82, pp.
835-842, May 2003.
[19] X. Xiao, D. D. Le, L. Li, X. Meng, J. Cao, K. Morishita, et al.,
"Catalytic steam gasification of biomass in fluidized bed at low
temperature: Conversion from livestock manure compost to hydrogenrich
syngas," Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 34, pp. 1505-1512, October
2010.
[20] S. F. Wu, T. H. Beum, J. I. Yang, and J. N. Kim, "Properties of Ca-base
CO2 sorbent using Ca(OH)2 as precursor," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol.
46, pp. 7896-7899, October 2007.
[21] J. Herguido, J. Corella, and J. Gonzalez-Saiz, "Steam gasification of
lignocellulosic residues in a fluidized bed at a small pilot scale. Effect of
the type of feedstock," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 31, pp. 1274-1282,
May 1992.
[22] B. Acharya, A. Dutta, and P. Basu, "An investigation into steam
gasification of biomass for hydrogen enriched gas production in
presence of CaO," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, pp. 1582-1589,
February 2010 .
[23] S. Chen, D. Wang, Z. Xue, X. Sun, and W. Xiang, "Calcium looping
gasification for high-concentration hydrogen production with CO2
capture in a novel compact fluidized bed: Simulation and operation
requirements," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, pp. 4887-4899,
February 2011.
[24] S. Luo, B. Xiao, Z. Hu, S. Liu, X. Guo, and M. He, "Hydrogen-rich gas
from catalytic steam gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor:
Influence of temperature and steam on gasification performance," Int. J.
Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, pp. 2191-2194, February 2009.
[25] H. Guoxin, and H. Hao, "Hydrogen rich fuel gas production by
gasification of wet biomass using a CO2 sorbent," Biomass Bioenergy,
vol. 33, pp. 899-906, May 2009.
[26] C. Fushimi, K. Araki, Y. Yamaguchi, and A. Tsutsumi, "Effect of
heating rate on steam gasification of biomass. 1. Reactivity of char,"
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 42, pp. 3922-3928, July 2003.
[27] C. Luo, T. Watanabe, M. Nakamura, S. Uemiya, and T. Kojima,
"Gasification kinetics of coal chars carbonized under rapid and slow
heating conditions at elevated temperature," J. Energy Resour.
Technol., vol. 123, pp. 21-26, March 2001.
[28] F. Mermoud, S. Salvador, L. Van de Steene, and F. Golfier, "Influence
of the pyrolysis heating rate on the steam gasification rate of large wood
char particles," Fuel, vol. 85, pp. 1473-1482, July-August 2006.
[29] H. Liu, H. Zhu, L. Yan, Y. Huang, S. Kato, and T. Kojima,
"Gasification reactivity of char with CO2 at elevated temperatures: The
effect of heating rate during pyrolysis,: Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng., DOI:
10.1002/apj.483, July 2010.
[1] B. C. R. Ewan, and R. W. K. Allen, "A figure of merit assessment of the
routes to hydrogen," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 30, pp. 809-819, July
2005.
[2] B. Dou, V. Dupont, G. Rickett, N. Blakeman, P. T. Williams, H. Chen,
et al., "Hydrogen production by sorption-enhanced steam reforming of
glycerol," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 100, pp. 3540-3547, July 2009.
[3] N. H. Florin, and A. T. Harris, "Enhanced hydrogen production from
biomass with in situ carbon dioxide capture using calcium oxide
sorbents," Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 63, pp. 287-316, January 2008.
[4] N. Howaniec, and A. Smoliński, "Steam gasification of energy crops of
high cultivation potential in Poland to hydrogen-rich gas," Int. J.
Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, pp. 2038-2043, February 2011.
[5] W. Jangsawang, A.K. Gupta, K. Kitagawa, and S.C. Lee, "High
temperature steam and air gasification of non woody biomass waste,"
As. J. Energy Env., vol. 8, pp. 601-609, 2007.
[6] S. Choi, J. Drese, and C. Jones, "Adsorbent materials for carbon dioxide
capture from large anthropogenic point sources," ChemSusChem, vol. 2,
pp. 796-854, September 2009.
[7] T. Hanaoka, T. Yoshida, S. Fujimoto, K. Kamei, M. Harada, Y. Suzuki,
et al., "Hydrogen production from woody biomass by steam gasification
using a CO2 sorbent," Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 28, pp. 63-68, January
2005.
[8] L. Wei, S. Xu, J. Liu, C. Liu, and S. Liu, "Hydrogen production in
steam gasification of biomass with CaO as a CO2 absorbent," Energy
Fuels, vol. 22, pp. 1997-2004, May 2008.
[9] M. R. Mahishi, and D. Y. Goswami, "An experimental study of
hydrogen production by gasification of biomass in the presence of a
CO2 sorbent," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, pp. 2803-2808,
September 2007.
[10] S. Lin, Y. Suzuki, H. Hatano, M. Oya, and M. Harada, "Innovative
hydrogen production by reaction integrated novel gasification process
(HyPr-RING)," J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., vol. 101, pp. 53-59,
January/February 2001.
[11] R.L.Carr, "Evaluating flow properties of solids," Chem. Eng., vol. 72,
pp. 163-168, January 1965.
[12] B. Rumela, K. Muthukumarappan, and K. A. Rosentrater, "Towards an
understanding of DDGS flowability characteristics,"in 2007
CSBE/ASABE North Central Intersectional Conf., Fargo, ND, Paper
:RRV07148.
[13] D. McGlinchey, Bulk Solids Handling: Equipment Selection and
Operation. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
[14] V. Ganesan, K. Muthukumarappan, and K.A. Rosentrater, "Effect of
moisture content and soluble level on physical, chemical and flow
properties of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)," Cereal
Chem., vol. 85, pp. 464-470, July/August 2011.
[15] M.T. Arpin, and S. Yusup, "Enhancement of calcium oxide (CaO) for
carbon dioxide (CO2) capture," Can. J. Pure Appl. Sci., vol. 5, pp.
1391-1397, February 2011.
[16] J. Adánez, V. Fierro, F. García-Labiano, and J. Palacios, "Study of
modified calcium hydroxides for enhancing SO2 removal during sorbent
injection in pulverized coal boilers," Fuel, vol. 76, pp. 257-265,
February 1997.
[17] H. Gupta, and L. Fan, "Carbonation-calcination cycle using high
reactivity calcium oxide for carbon dioxide separation from flue gas,"
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 41, pp. 4035-4042, July 2002.
[18] C. Franco, F. Pinto, I. Gulyurtlu, and I. Cabrita, "The study of reactions
influencing the biomass steam gasification process," Fuel, vol. 82, pp.
835-842, May 2003.
[19] X. Xiao, D. D. Le, L. Li, X. Meng, J. Cao, K. Morishita, et al.,
"Catalytic steam gasification of biomass in fluidized bed at low
temperature: Conversion from livestock manure compost to hydrogenrich
syngas," Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 34, pp. 1505-1512, October
2010.
[20] S. F. Wu, T. H. Beum, J. I. Yang, and J. N. Kim, "Properties of Ca-base
CO2 sorbent using Ca(OH)2 as precursor," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol.
46, pp. 7896-7899, October 2007.
[21] J. Herguido, J. Corella, and J. Gonzalez-Saiz, "Steam gasification of
lignocellulosic residues in a fluidized bed at a small pilot scale. Effect of
the type of feedstock," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 31, pp. 1274-1282,
May 1992.
[22] B. Acharya, A. Dutta, and P. Basu, "An investigation into steam
gasification of biomass for hydrogen enriched gas production in
presence of CaO," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 35, pp. 1582-1589,
February 2010 .
[23] S. Chen, D. Wang, Z. Xue, X. Sun, and W. Xiang, "Calcium looping
gasification for high-concentration hydrogen production with CO2
capture in a novel compact fluidized bed: Simulation and operation
requirements," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, pp. 4887-4899,
February 2011.
[24] S. Luo, B. Xiao, Z. Hu, S. Liu, X. Guo, and M. He, "Hydrogen-rich gas
from catalytic steam gasification of biomass in a fixed bed reactor:
Influence of temperature and steam on gasification performance," Int. J.
Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, pp. 2191-2194, February 2009.
[25] H. Guoxin, and H. Hao, "Hydrogen rich fuel gas production by
gasification of wet biomass using a CO2 sorbent," Biomass Bioenergy,
vol. 33, pp. 899-906, May 2009.
[26] C. Fushimi, K. Araki, Y. Yamaguchi, and A. Tsutsumi, "Effect of
heating rate on steam gasification of biomass. 1. Reactivity of char,"
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 42, pp. 3922-3928, July 2003.
[27] C. Luo, T. Watanabe, M. Nakamura, S. Uemiya, and T. Kojima,
"Gasification kinetics of coal chars carbonized under rapid and slow
heating conditions at elevated temperature," J. Energy Resour.
Technol., vol. 123, pp. 21-26, March 2001.
[28] F. Mermoud, S. Salvador, L. Van de Steene, and F. Golfier, "Influence
of the pyrolysis heating rate on the steam gasification rate of large wood
char particles," Fuel, vol. 85, pp. 1473-1482, July-August 2006.
[29] H. Liu, H. Zhu, L. Yan, Y. Huang, S. Kato, and T. Kojima,
"Gasification reactivity of char with CO2 at elevated temperatures: The
effect of heating rate during pyrolysis,: Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng., DOI:
10.1002/apj.483, July 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:60810", author = "N.A. Rashidi and S. Yusup and M.M. Ahmad", title = "Parametric Analysis on Hydrogen Production using Mixtures of Pure Cellulosic and Calcium Oxide", abstract = "As the fossil fuels kept on depleting, intense research in developing hydrogen (H2) as the alternative fuel has been done to cater our tremendous demand for fuel. The potential of H2 as the ultimate clean fuel differs with the fossil fuel that releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the surrounding and leads to the global warming. The experimental work was carried out to study the production of H2 from palm kernel shell steam gasification at different variables such as heating rate, steam to biomass ratio and adsorbent to biomass ratio. Maximum H2 composition which is 61% (volume basis) was obtained at heating rate of 100oCmin-1, steam/biomass of 2:1 ratio, and adsorbent/biomass of 1:1 ratio. The commercial adsorbent had been modified by utilizing the alcoholwater mixture. Characteristics of both adsorbents were investigated and it is concluded that flowability and floodability of modified CaO is significantly improved.
", keywords = "Biomass gasification, Calcium oxide, Carbon
dioxide capture, Sorbent flowability", volume = "6", number = "8", pages = "798-7", }
