Parameter Estimation for Viewing Rank Distribution of Video-on-Demand
Video-on-demand (VOD) is designed by using content delivery networks (CDN) to minimize the overall operational cost and to maximize scalability. Estimation of the viewing pattern (i.e., the relationship between the number of viewings and the ranking of VOD contents) plays an important role in minimizing the total operational cost and maximizing the performance of the VOD systems. In this paper, we have analyzed a large body of commercial VOD viewing data and found that the viewing rank distribution fits well with the parabolic fractal distribution. The weighted linear model fitting function is used to estimate the parameters (coefficients) of the parabolic fractal distribution. This paper presents an analytical basis for designing an optimal hierarchical VOD contents distribution system in terms of its cost and performance.
[1] F. Thouin and M. Coates, "A review of the content delivery network,"
McGill University, Tech. Rep., 2005.
[2] A. D. Gelman, H. Kobrinski, L. S. Smoot, S. B. Weinstein,
M. Fortier, and D. Lemay, "A store-and-forward architecture for
video-on-demand service," in Communications, IEEE International
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.1991.162477
[3] W. D. Sincoskie, "System architecture for a large scale video on demand
service," Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 155-
162, Sep. 1991. (Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-
7552(91)90007-Y
[4] D. Deloddere, W. Verbiest, and H. Verhille, "Interactive video on
demand," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 82-88,
May 1994. (Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.281582
[5] Y.-D. Lin, H.-Z. Lai, and Y.-C. Lai, "A hierarchical network
storage architecture for video-on-demand services," in Local Computer
Networks, 1996., Proceedings 21st IEEE Conference on, 1996, pp. 355-
364. (Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LCN.1996.558164
[6] M. Yang and Z. Fei, "A model for replica placement in
content distribution networks for multimedia applications," in
Communications, 2003. ICC '03. IEEE International Conference
on, vol. 1. IEEE, May 2003, pp. 557-561 vol.1. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2003.1204238
[7] S. Buchholz and T. Buchholz, "Replica placement in adaptive
content distribution networks," in Proceedings of the 2004 ACM
symposium on Applied computing, ser. SAC -04. New York,
NY, USA: ACM, 2004, pp. 1705-1710. (Online). Available:
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/967900.968238
[8] F. Schaffa and J. P. Nussbaumer, "On bandwidth and storage tradeoffs
in multimedia distribution networks," in INFOCOM '95.
Fourteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer
and Communications Societies. Bringing Information to People.
Proceedings. IEEE. IEEE, Apr. 1995, pp. 1020-1026 vol.3. (Online).
Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.1995.515978
[9] R. G¨unther, L. Levitin, B. Schapiro, and P. Wagner, "Zipf -s law
and the effect of ranking on probability distributions," International
Journal of Theoretical Physics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 395-417, Feb. 1996.
(Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02083823
[10] L. A. Adamin and B. A. Huberman, "Zipf-s law and the internet,"
Glottometrics, vol. 3, pp. 143-150, 2002.
[11] L. Guo, E. Tan, S. Chen, Z. Xiao, and X. Zhang, "The
stretched exponential distribution of internet media access patterns,"
in Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM symposium on
Principles of distributed computing, ser. PODC -08. New
York, NY, USA: ACM, 2008, pp. 283-294. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1400751.1400789
[12] J. Laherr'ere and P. Deheuvels, "Parabolic fractal distributions in nature,"
Comptes rendus de l-Acad'emie des sciences, S'erie II a: Sciences de la
Terre et des Plan'etes, vol. 322, no. 7, pp. 535-541, 1996.
[13] J. Ni, D. H. K. Tsang, I. S. H. Yeung, and X. Hei, "Hierarchical
content routing in large-scale multimedia content delivery network," in
Communications, 2003. ICC '03. IEEE International Conference
on, vol. 2. IEEE, May 2003, pp. 854-859 vol.2. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2003.1204454
[14] M. E. J. Newman, "Power laws, pareto distributions and zipf-s law,"
Contemporary Physics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 323-351, Sep. 2005.
(Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107510500052444
[15] F. Thouin and M. Coates, "Video-on-Demand networks:
Design approaches and future challenges," IEEE Network,
vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 42-48, Mar. 2007. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2007.334311
[16] J. Laherr`ere and D. Sornette, "Stretched exponential distributions
in nature and economy: fat tails with characteristic scales," The
European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex
Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 525-539, Apr. 1998. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050276
[1] F. Thouin and M. Coates, "A review of the content delivery network,"
McGill University, Tech. Rep., 2005.
[2] A. D. Gelman, H. Kobrinski, L. S. Smoot, S. B. Weinstein,
M. Fortier, and D. Lemay, "A store-and-forward architecture for
video-on-demand service," in Communications, IEEE International
Conference on, vol. 2, 1991, pp. 842-846. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.1991.162477
[3] W. D. Sincoskie, "System architecture for a large scale video on demand
service," Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 155-
162, Sep. 1991. (Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-
7552(91)90007-Y
[4] D. Deloddere, W. Verbiest, and H. Verhille, "Interactive video on
demand," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 82-88,
May 1994. (Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.281582
[5] Y.-D. Lin, H.-Z. Lai, and Y.-C. Lai, "A hierarchical network
storage architecture for video-on-demand services," in Local Computer
Networks, 1996., Proceedings 21st IEEE Conference on, 1996, pp. 355-
364. (Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LCN.1996.558164
[6] M. Yang and Z. Fei, "A model for replica placement in
content distribution networks for multimedia applications," in
Communications, 2003. ICC '03. IEEE International Conference
on, vol. 1. IEEE, May 2003, pp. 557-561 vol.1. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2003.1204238
[7] S. Buchholz and T. Buchholz, "Replica placement in adaptive
content distribution networks," in Proceedings of the 2004 ACM
symposium on Applied computing, ser. SAC -04. New York,
NY, USA: ACM, 2004, pp. 1705-1710. (Online). Available:
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/967900.968238
[8] F. Schaffa and J. P. Nussbaumer, "On bandwidth and storage tradeoffs
in multimedia distribution networks," in INFOCOM '95.
Fourteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer
and Communications Societies. Bringing Information to People.
Proceedings. IEEE. IEEE, Apr. 1995, pp. 1020-1026 vol.3. (Online).
Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.1995.515978
[9] R. G¨unther, L. Levitin, B. Schapiro, and P. Wagner, "Zipf -s law
and the effect of ranking on probability distributions," International
Journal of Theoretical Physics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 395-417, Feb. 1996.
(Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02083823
[10] L. A. Adamin and B. A. Huberman, "Zipf-s law and the internet,"
Glottometrics, vol. 3, pp. 143-150, 2002.
[11] L. Guo, E. Tan, S. Chen, Z. Xiao, and X. Zhang, "The
stretched exponential distribution of internet media access patterns,"
in Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM symposium on
Principles of distributed computing, ser. PODC -08. New
York, NY, USA: ACM, 2008, pp. 283-294. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1400751.1400789
[12] J. Laherr'ere and P. Deheuvels, "Parabolic fractal distributions in nature,"
Comptes rendus de l-Acad'emie des sciences, S'erie II a: Sciences de la
Terre et des Plan'etes, vol. 322, no. 7, pp. 535-541, 1996.
[13] J. Ni, D. H. K. Tsang, I. S. H. Yeung, and X. Hei, "Hierarchical
content routing in large-scale multimedia content delivery network," in
Communications, 2003. ICC '03. IEEE International Conference
on, vol. 2. IEEE, May 2003, pp. 854-859 vol.2. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2003.1204454
[14] M. E. J. Newman, "Power laws, pareto distributions and zipf-s law,"
Contemporary Physics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 323-351, Sep. 2005.
(Online). Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107510500052444
[15] F. Thouin and M. Coates, "Video-on-Demand networks:
Design approaches and future challenges," IEEE Network,
vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 42-48, Mar. 2007. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2007.334311
[16] J. Laherr`ere and D. Sornette, "Stretched exponential distributions
in nature and economy: fat tails with characteristic scales," The
European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex
Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 525-539, Apr. 1998. (Online). Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050276
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:59181", author = "Hyoup-Sang Yoon", title = "Parameter Estimation for Viewing Rank Distribution of Video-on-Demand", abstract = "Video-on-demand (VOD) is designed by using content delivery networks (CDN) to minimize the overall operational cost and to maximize scalability. Estimation of the viewing pattern (i.e., the relationship between the number of viewings and the ranking of VOD contents) plays an important role in minimizing the total operational cost and maximizing the performance of the VOD systems. In this paper, we have analyzed a large body of commercial VOD viewing data and found that the viewing rank distribution fits well with the parabolic fractal distribution. The weighted linear model fitting function is used to estimate the parameters (coefficients) of the parabolic fractal distribution. This paper presents an analytical basis for designing an optimal hierarchical VOD contents distribution system in terms of its cost and performance.
", keywords = "VOD, CDN, parabolic fractal distribution, viewing
rank, weighted linear model fitting", volume = "6", number = "12", pages = "3613-4", }
