Oxygen Transfer by Multiple Inclined Plunging Water Jets
There has been a growing interest in the oxygenation
by plunging water jets in the last few years due to their inherent
advantages, like energy-efficient, low operation cost, etc. Though a
lot of work has been reported on the oxygen-transfer by single
plunging water jets but very few studies have been carried out using
multiple plunging jets. In this paper, volumetric oxygen-transfer
coefficient and oxygen-transfer efficiency has been studied
experimentally for multiple inclined plunging jets (having jet plunge
angle of 60 0 ) in a pool of water for different configurations, in
terms of varying number of jets and jet diameters. This research
suggests that the volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient and oxygentransfer
efficiency of the multiple inclined plunging jets for air-water
system are significantly higher than those of a single vertical as well
as inclined plunging jet for same flow area and other similar
conditions. The study also reveals that the oxygen-transfer increase
with increase in number of multiple jets under similar conditions,
which will be most advantageous and energy-efficient in practical
situations when large volumes of wastewaters are to be treated. A
relationship between volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient and jet
parameters is also proposed. The suggested relationship predicts the
volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient for multiple inclined plunging
jet(s) within a scatter of ±15 percent. The relationship will be quite
useful in scale-up and in deciding optimum configuration of multiple
inclined plunging jet aeration system.
[1] D. A. Ervine, E. McKeogh, and E. M. Elsawy, "Effect of turbulence
intensity on the rate of air entrainment by plunging water jets", Proc.
Instn civil Engrs., Part 2, vol. 69, pp. 425-445, 1980.
[2] A. K. Bin, "Gas entrainment by plunging liquid jets", Chem. Eng. Sci. J.
Great Britain, vol. 48, pp. 3585-3630, 1993.
[3] P. D. Cummings, and H. Chanson, "Air entrainment in the developing
flow region of plunging jets-part 1: theoretical development", Fluids
Eng. J. ASME, vol. 119, pp. 597-602, 1997.
[4] H. Chanson, S. Aoki, and A. Hoque, "Similitude of air entrainment at
vertical circular plunging jets", in Proc. ASME FEDSM-02, Montreal,
Quebec, 2002, pp. 1-6.
[5] H. Chanson, S. Aoki, and A. Hoque, "Physical modelling and similitude
of air bubble entrainment at vertical circular plunging jets", Chem. Eng.
Sc., vol. 59, pp. 747-758, 2004.
[6] S. M. Leung, J. C. Little, T. Hoist, and N.G. Love, "Air/water oxygen
transfer in a biological aerated filter", J. Environmental Eng., vol. 132,
pp. 181-189, 2006.
[7] D. Kusabiraki, H. Niki K. Yamagiwa, and A. Ohkawa, "Gas entrainment
rate and flow pattern of vertical plunging liquid jets", The Canadian J.
Chem. Eng., vol. 68, pp. 893-903, 1990.
[8] M. E. Emiroglu, and A. Baylar, "Study of the influence of air holes
along length of convergent-divergent passage of a venture device on
aeration", J. Hyd. Res., vol. 41, pp. 513-520, 2003.
[9] A. Ahmed, "Aeration by plunging liquid jet", Ph.D. thesis,
Loughborough Univ. of Tech. UK, 1974.
[10] E. van de Sande, and J. .M. Smith, "Mass transfer from plunging water
jets", Chem. Eng. J. Netherlands, vol. 10, pp. 225-233, 1975.
[11] J. A. C. van de Donk, "Water aeration with plunging jets", Ph.D. thesis,
Technische Hogeschool Delft, Netherlands, 1981.
[12] K. Tojo, and K. Miyanami, "Oxygen transfer in jet mixers", Chem. Eng.
J. Netherlands, vol. 24, pp. 89-97, 1982.
[13] K. Tojo, N. Naruko, and K. Miyanami, "Oxygen transfer and liquid
mixing characteristics of plunging jet reactors", Chem. Eng. J.
Netherlands, vol. 25, pp. 107-109, 1982.
[14] A. K. Bin, and J. M. Smith, "Mass transfer in a plunging liquid jet
absorber", Chem. Engng. Commun, vol. 15, pp. 367-383, 1982.
[15] D. Bonsignore, G. Volpicelli, A. Campanile, L. Santoro, and R.
Valentino, "Mass transfer in plunging jet absorbers", Chem. Eng.
Process, vol. 19, pp. 85-94, 1985.
[16] A. Ohkawa, D. Kusabiraki, Y. Shiokawa, M. Sakal, and M. Fujii, "Flow
and oxygen transfer in a plunging water system using inclined short
nozzles in performance characteristics of its system in aerobic treatment
of wastewater", Biotech. Bioeng., vol. 28, pp. 1845-1856, 1986.
[17] K. Funatsu, Y. Ch. Hsu, M. Noda, and S. Sugawa, "Oxygen transfer in
the water jet vessel", Chem. Eng. Commun., vol. 73. pp. 121-139, 1988.
[18] A. Ahmed, and J. Glover, Conf. on Farm Wastes Disposal, Glasgow,
Sept. 1972. In E. van de Sande, and J. M. Smith, "Mass transfer from
plunging water jets", Chem. Eng. J. Netherlands, vol. 10, pp.225-233,
1975.
[19] K. Yamagiwa, A. Ito, Y. Kato, M. Yoshida, and A. Ohkawa, "Effects of
liquid property on air entrainment and oxygen transfer rates of plunging
jet reactor", J. Chem. Eng. Japan, vol. 34, pp. 506-512, 2001.
[20] H. Chanson, and T. Brattberg, "Air entrainment by two-dimensional
plunging jets: the impingement region and the very-near flow field", in
Proc. ASME FEDSM-98. Washington DC, 1998, pp. 1-8.
[21] S. Deswal, and D. V. S. Verma, "Performance evaluation and modeling
of a conical plunging jet aerator", Int. J. of Mathematical, Physical and
Engineering Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.33-37, 2008.
[22] T. Bagatur, A. Baylar, and N. Sekardag, "The effect of nozzle type on air
entrainment by plunging water jets", Water Qual. Res. J. Canada, vol.
37, pp. 599-612, 2002.
[23] A. Baylar, M. Emiroglu, and Emin, "An Experimental Study of Air
Entrainment and Oxygen Transfer at a Water Jet from a Nozzle with Air
Holes", Water Environment Research, vol. 76, pp.231, 2004.
[24] S. Deswal, and D. V. S. Verma, "Air-water oxygen transfer with
multiple plunging jets", Water Qual. Res. J. Canada, vol. 42, no. 4,
2007, to be published.
[25] S. Deswal, and D. V. S. Verma, "Multiple plunging jet aeration system
and parameter modeling by neural network and support vector
machines", in Water Pollution VIII: Modelling, Monitoring and
Management, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Envionment, vol.
95, pp.595-604, 2006.
[26] E. I. Daniil, and J. S. Gulliver, "Temperature dependence of liquid film
coefficient for gas transfer", J. Environ. Eng., vol. 114, pp. 1224-1229,
1988.
[27] APHA, AWWA, WEF, Standard methods for the examination of water
and wastewater. APHA Washington DC, 2005, pp. 4.38 - 4.140.
[1] D. A. Ervine, E. McKeogh, and E. M. Elsawy, "Effect of turbulence
intensity on the rate of air entrainment by plunging water jets", Proc.
Instn civil Engrs., Part 2, vol. 69, pp. 425-445, 1980.
[2] A. K. Bin, "Gas entrainment by plunging liquid jets", Chem. Eng. Sci. J.
Great Britain, vol. 48, pp. 3585-3630, 1993.
[3] P. D. Cummings, and H. Chanson, "Air entrainment in the developing
flow region of plunging jets-part 1: theoretical development", Fluids
Eng. J. ASME, vol. 119, pp. 597-602, 1997.
[4] H. Chanson, S. Aoki, and A. Hoque, "Similitude of air entrainment at
vertical circular plunging jets", in Proc. ASME FEDSM-02, Montreal,
Quebec, 2002, pp. 1-6.
[5] H. Chanson, S. Aoki, and A. Hoque, "Physical modelling and similitude
of air bubble entrainment at vertical circular plunging jets", Chem. Eng.
Sc., vol. 59, pp. 747-758, 2004.
[6] S. M. Leung, J. C. Little, T. Hoist, and N.G. Love, "Air/water oxygen
transfer in a biological aerated filter", J. Environmental Eng., vol. 132,
pp. 181-189, 2006.
[7] D. Kusabiraki, H. Niki K. Yamagiwa, and A. Ohkawa, "Gas entrainment
rate and flow pattern of vertical plunging liquid jets", The Canadian J.
Chem. Eng., vol. 68, pp. 893-903, 1990.
[8] M. E. Emiroglu, and A. Baylar, "Study of the influence of air holes
along length of convergent-divergent passage of a venture device on
aeration", J. Hyd. Res., vol. 41, pp. 513-520, 2003.
[9] A. Ahmed, "Aeration by plunging liquid jet", Ph.D. thesis,
Loughborough Univ. of Tech. UK, 1974.
[10] E. van de Sande, and J. .M. Smith, "Mass transfer from plunging water
jets", Chem. Eng. J. Netherlands, vol. 10, pp. 225-233, 1975.
[11] J. A. C. van de Donk, "Water aeration with plunging jets", Ph.D. thesis,
Technische Hogeschool Delft, Netherlands, 1981.
[12] K. Tojo, and K. Miyanami, "Oxygen transfer in jet mixers", Chem. Eng.
J. Netherlands, vol. 24, pp. 89-97, 1982.
[13] K. Tojo, N. Naruko, and K. Miyanami, "Oxygen transfer and liquid
mixing characteristics of plunging jet reactors", Chem. Eng. J.
Netherlands, vol. 25, pp. 107-109, 1982.
[14] A. K. Bin, and J. M. Smith, "Mass transfer in a plunging liquid jet
absorber", Chem. Engng. Commun, vol. 15, pp. 367-383, 1982.
[15] D. Bonsignore, G. Volpicelli, A. Campanile, L. Santoro, and R.
Valentino, "Mass transfer in plunging jet absorbers", Chem. Eng.
Process, vol. 19, pp. 85-94, 1985.
[16] A. Ohkawa, D. Kusabiraki, Y. Shiokawa, M. Sakal, and M. Fujii, "Flow
and oxygen transfer in a plunging water system using inclined short
nozzles in performance characteristics of its system in aerobic treatment
of wastewater", Biotech. Bioeng., vol. 28, pp. 1845-1856, 1986.
[17] K. Funatsu, Y. Ch. Hsu, M. Noda, and S. Sugawa, "Oxygen transfer in
the water jet vessel", Chem. Eng. Commun., vol. 73. pp. 121-139, 1988.
[18] A. Ahmed, and J. Glover, Conf. on Farm Wastes Disposal, Glasgow,
Sept. 1972. In E. van de Sande, and J. M. Smith, "Mass transfer from
plunging water jets", Chem. Eng. J. Netherlands, vol. 10, pp.225-233,
1975.
[19] K. Yamagiwa, A. Ito, Y. Kato, M. Yoshida, and A. Ohkawa, "Effects of
liquid property on air entrainment and oxygen transfer rates of plunging
jet reactor", J. Chem. Eng. Japan, vol. 34, pp. 506-512, 2001.
[20] H. Chanson, and T. Brattberg, "Air entrainment by two-dimensional
plunging jets: the impingement region and the very-near flow field", in
Proc. ASME FEDSM-98. Washington DC, 1998, pp. 1-8.
[21] S. Deswal, and D. V. S. Verma, "Performance evaluation and modeling
of a conical plunging jet aerator", Int. J. of Mathematical, Physical and
Engineering Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.33-37, 2008.
[22] T. Bagatur, A. Baylar, and N. Sekardag, "The effect of nozzle type on air
entrainment by plunging water jets", Water Qual. Res. J. Canada, vol.
37, pp. 599-612, 2002.
[23] A. Baylar, M. Emiroglu, and Emin, "An Experimental Study of Air
Entrainment and Oxygen Transfer at a Water Jet from a Nozzle with Air
Holes", Water Environment Research, vol. 76, pp.231, 2004.
[24] S. Deswal, and D. V. S. Verma, "Air-water oxygen transfer with
multiple plunging jets", Water Qual. Res. J. Canada, vol. 42, no. 4,
2007, to be published.
[25] S. Deswal, and D. V. S. Verma, "Multiple plunging jet aeration system
and parameter modeling by neural network and support vector
machines", in Water Pollution VIII: Modelling, Monitoring and
Management, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Envionment, vol.
95, pp.595-604, 2006.
[26] E. I. Daniil, and J. S. Gulliver, "Temperature dependence of liquid film
coefficient for gas transfer", J. Environ. Eng., vol. 114, pp. 1224-1229,
1988.
[27] APHA, AWWA, WEF, Standard methods for the examination of water
and wastewater. APHA Washington DC, 2005, pp. 4.38 - 4.140.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:61576", author = "Surinder Deswal", title = "Oxygen Transfer by Multiple Inclined Plunging Water Jets", abstract = "There has been a growing interest in the oxygenation
by plunging water jets in the last few years due to their inherent
advantages, like energy-efficient, low operation cost, etc. Though a
lot of work has been reported on the oxygen-transfer by single
plunging water jets but very few studies have been carried out using
multiple plunging jets. In this paper, volumetric oxygen-transfer
coefficient and oxygen-transfer efficiency has been studied
experimentally for multiple inclined plunging jets (having jet plunge
angle of 60 0 ) in a pool of water for different configurations, in
terms of varying number of jets and jet diameters. This research
suggests that the volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient and oxygentransfer
efficiency of the multiple inclined plunging jets for air-water
system are significantly higher than those of a single vertical as well
as inclined plunging jet for same flow area and other similar
conditions. The study also reveals that the oxygen-transfer increase
with increase in number of multiple jets under similar conditions,
which will be most advantageous and energy-efficient in practical
situations when large volumes of wastewaters are to be treated. A
relationship between volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient and jet
parameters is also proposed. The suggested relationship predicts the
volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient for multiple inclined plunging
jet(s) within a scatter of ±15 percent. The relationship will be quite
useful in scale-up and in deciding optimum configuration of multiple
inclined plunging jet aeration system.", keywords = "Multiple inclined plunging jets, jet plunge angle,
volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient, oxygen-transfer efficiency.", volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "57-7", }
