Overview of Energy Savings and Efficiency Strategies at the Hospitals
Hospitals represent approximately 6% of total energy consumption in the utility buildings sector. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are the major part of electrical energy consumption at the hospitals. The air-conditioning system is responsible for around 70% of total electricity consumption. Electric motors and lighting systems in a hospital represent approximately 19% and 21% of the total energy consumption, respectively. In this paper, profiles of hospital energy end-use consumption and an overview of energy saving areas at the hospitals are presented.
[1] R. Saidur, A. E. Atabani, and S. Mekhilef, "A review on electrical and thermal energy for industries,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, 2011, pp. 2073-2086.
[2] R. Missaoui, and A. Mourtada, "Instruments and financial mechanisms of energy efficiency measures in building sector,” WEC-Ademe case study on energy efficiency measures and policies, 2010, pp. 1-58.
[3] G. Maggio, and G. Cacciola, "When will oil, natural gas and coal peak?,” Elsevier Fuel, 2012, vol 98, pp. 111-123.
[4] "Renewable Energy in Turkey, McBDC Business Development & Consultancy Services Co. Ltd,” 2012, pp.1-11.
[5] İ. Kotcioğlu, "Clean and sustainable energy policies in Turkey,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, 2011, pp. 5111-5119.
[6] "Survey on fossil fuel consumption for energy efficiency conservation to promote the new technology of biofuel in Lao PDR,” The Lao Institute for Renewable Energy, LIRE, 2006, pp. 1-29.
[7] R. V. Heur, "Power quality utilization guide: Hospitals energy efficiency," European Copper Institute, Leonardo Energy, 2008, pp. 1-24.
[8] Teke, O. Timur, "Lighting Systems at the Hospitals: An Overview,” Majlesi Journal of Energy Management, vol. 2, No. 2, 2013, pp. 39-51.
[9] "Energy efficiency: Reduce energy bills, protect the environment, National action plan for energy efficiency,” www.epa.gov.
[10] "Saving energy with energy efficiency in hospitals,” Maxi Brochure 05, CADDET Energy Efficiency, pp. 1-24.
[11] K. Rademaekers, P. Boonekamp, R. Harmsen, S. Boeve, J. Sijm, "The energy efficiency investment potential for the building environment,” Two approaches, ECORYS, 2012, pp. 1-24.
[12] "Technology roadmap energy efficient buildings: Heating and cooling equipment,” The IEA Sustainable Energy Policy and Technology, 2011, pp. 1-56.
[13] "Healthcare: An overview of energy use and energy efficiency opportunities,” www.energystar.gov.
[14] "Managing energy costs in hospitals,” National Grid, 2006, pp. 1-4.
[15] C. Crow, "Energy management: A strategy for HVAC savings,” www.facilitiesnet.com/energyefficiency, 2008.
[16] D. Fournier, "Reducing hospital costs through energy efficiency,” Smart Energy Design Assistance Center, 2009, pp. 1-55.
[17] "Managing energy costs in hospitals,” 2010 E-4 Source Companies LLC.
[18] "Energy saving and carbon reduction policies at the Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Hospital,” Global Green and Healthy Hospitals (GGHH) network, Case Studies, pp. 1-4.
[19] B: A. S. Da'as, "Energy management procedures and audit results of electrical, thermal and solar applications in hospitals sector in Palestine,” An-Najah National Univ. Facul. of Grad. Studies, MsC Thesis, 2008, pp. 1-147.
[20] D. Deepalakshmi, "Energy management in hospitals,” Express Healthcare, 2008.
[21] "Healthcare Energy Guidebook,” Results of the Healthcare Energy Project November 2001 through December 2003, ASHE, 2004, pp. 1-26.
[22] D. Carpenter, S. Hoppszallern, "Advancing efficiency: Hospital energy management survey,” HFM Magazine, 2011, pp. 15-22.
[23] M. Sullivan, "Saving energy and lives, Innovations in healthcare infrastructure,” Hosmac Pulse, vol. 1, 2010, pp. 11-13.
[24] "Energy sm art hospitals, Creating energy efficient, high performance hospitals,” US DOE report building technologies program, 2008, pp. 1-2.
[1] R. Saidur, A. E. Atabani, and S. Mekhilef, "A review on electrical and thermal energy for industries,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, 2011, pp. 2073-2086.
[2] R. Missaoui, and A. Mourtada, "Instruments and financial mechanisms of energy efficiency measures in building sector,” WEC-Ademe case study on energy efficiency measures and policies, 2010, pp. 1-58.
[3] G. Maggio, and G. Cacciola, "When will oil, natural gas and coal peak?,” Elsevier Fuel, 2012, vol 98, pp. 111-123.
[4] "Renewable Energy in Turkey, McBDC Business Development & Consultancy Services Co. Ltd,” 2012, pp.1-11.
[5] İ. Kotcioğlu, "Clean and sustainable energy policies in Turkey,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, 2011, pp. 5111-5119.
[6] "Survey on fossil fuel consumption for energy efficiency conservation to promote the new technology of biofuel in Lao PDR,” The Lao Institute for Renewable Energy, LIRE, 2006, pp. 1-29.
[7] R. V. Heur, "Power quality utilization guide: Hospitals energy efficiency," European Copper Institute, Leonardo Energy, 2008, pp. 1-24.
[8] Teke, O. Timur, "Lighting Systems at the Hospitals: An Overview,” Majlesi Journal of Energy Management, vol. 2, No. 2, 2013, pp. 39-51.
[9] "Energy efficiency: Reduce energy bills, protect the environment, National action plan for energy efficiency,” www.epa.gov.
[10] "Saving energy with energy efficiency in hospitals,” Maxi Brochure 05, CADDET Energy Efficiency, pp. 1-24.
[11] K. Rademaekers, P. Boonekamp, R. Harmsen, S. Boeve, J. Sijm, "The energy efficiency investment potential for the building environment,” Two approaches, ECORYS, 2012, pp. 1-24.
[12] "Technology roadmap energy efficient buildings: Heating and cooling equipment,” The IEA Sustainable Energy Policy and Technology, 2011, pp. 1-56.
[13] "Healthcare: An overview of energy use and energy efficiency opportunities,” www.energystar.gov.
[14] "Managing energy costs in hospitals,” National Grid, 2006, pp. 1-4.
[15] C. Crow, "Energy management: A strategy for HVAC savings,” www.facilitiesnet.com/energyefficiency, 2008.
[16] D. Fournier, "Reducing hospital costs through energy efficiency,” Smart Energy Design Assistance Center, 2009, pp. 1-55.
[17] "Managing energy costs in hospitals,” 2010 E-4 Source Companies LLC.
[18] "Energy saving and carbon reduction policies at the Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Hospital,” Global Green and Healthy Hospitals (GGHH) network, Case Studies, pp. 1-4.
[19] B: A. S. Da'as, "Energy management procedures and audit results of electrical, thermal and solar applications in hospitals sector in Palestine,” An-Najah National Univ. Facul. of Grad. Studies, MsC Thesis, 2008, pp. 1-147.
[20] D. Deepalakshmi, "Energy management in hospitals,” Express Healthcare, 2008.
[21] "Healthcare Energy Guidebook,” Results of the Healthcare Energy Project November 2001 through December 2003, ASHE, 2004, pp. 1-26.
[22] D. Carpenter, S. Hoppszallern, "Advancing efficiency: Hospital energy management survey,” HFM Magazine, 2011, pp. 15-22.
[23] M. Sullivan, "Saving energy and lives, Innovations in healthcare infrastructure,” Hosmac Pulse, vol. 1, 2010, pp. 11-13.
[24] "Energy sm art hospitals, Creating energy efficient, high performance hospitals,” US DOE report building technologies program, 2008, pp. 1-2.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:66365", author = "A. Teke and O. Timur", title = "Overview of Energy Savings and Efficiency Strategies at the Hospitals", abstract = "Hospitals represent approximately 6% of total energy consumption in the utility buildings sector. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are the major part of electrical energy consumption at the hospitals. The air-conditioning system is responsible for around 70% of total electricity consumption. Electric motors and lighting systems in a hospital represent approximately 19% and 21% of the total energy consumption, respectively. In this paper, profiles of hospital energy end-use consumption and an overview of energy saving areas at the hospitals are presented.
", keywords = "Energy efficiency, energy saving, healthcare energy consumption, hospital.", volume = "8", number = "1", pages = "242-7", }
