Optimum Turbomachine Selection for Power Regeneration in Vapor Compression Cool Production Plants
Power Regeneration in Refrigeration Plant concept
has been analyzed and has been shown to be capable of saving about
25% power in Cryogenic Plants with the Power Regeneration System
(PRS) running under nominal conditions. The innovative component
Compressor Expander Group (CEG) based on turbomachinery has
been designed and built modifying CETT compressor and expander,
both selected for optimum plant performance. Experiments have
shown the good response of the turbomachines to run with R404a as
working fluid. Power saving up to 12% under PRS derated conditions
(50% loading) has been demonstrated. Such experiments allowed
predicting a power saving up to 25% under CEG full load.
[1] Borlein, Energy Savings in Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: Low
Pressure Control, White paper, Schneider Electric; August 2011.
[2] New Refrigeration Cycle to Improve 100 – Year - Old Technology.
Calmac Manufacturing Corporation; October - December 2001.
[3] N.Q. Minh, N.J. Hewitt and P.C. Eames, Improved Vapor Compression
Refrigeration Cycles: Literature Review and Their Application to Heat
Pumps. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference.
Paper 795; 2006.
[4] J. Sarkar, Ejector Enhanced Vapor Compression Refrigeration and Heat
Pump Systems - A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
16, 6647-6659; August 2012.
[5] J. Yu, H. Zhao and Y. Li, Application of an Ejector in Auto Cascade
Refrigeration Cycle for the Performance Improvement, International
Journal of Refrigeration, vol.31, pp.279-286; 2008.
[6] Y. Zhu and P. Jiang, Hybrid Vapor Compression Refrigeration System
with an Integrated Ejector Cooling Cycle, International Journal of
Refrigeration, vol.35, pp. 68-78; 2012.
[7] A. Selvaraju and A. Mani, Experimental Investigation on R134a Vapor
Ejector Refrigeration System, International Journal of Refrigeration,
vol.29, pp.1160-1166; 2006.
[8] L. Kairouani, M. Elakhdar, E. Nehdi and N. Bouaziz, Use of Ejectors in
a Multi-Evaporator Refrigeration System for Performance Enhancement,
International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol.32, pp.1173-1185; 2009.
[9] A. Prakash, Improving the Performance of Vapor Compression
Refrigeration System by Using Sub–Cooling and Diffuser, International
Journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise Applications, ISSN
(Print): 2279-0020, IJEBEA 13-129; 2013.
[10] K.H. Reddy et al., Improvement of Energy Efficiency Ratio of
Refrigerant Compressor, International Journal of Scientific &
Technology Research, Volume 2, ISSN 2277-8616, Issue 5; May 2013.
[11] E. Elgendy, Parametric Study of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration
Cycle Using a Two-Phase Constant Area Ejector, International Journal
of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering,
Vol.: 7 No: 8; 2013.
[12] N. Upadhyay, To Study the Effect of Sub-Cooling and Diffuser on the
Coefficient of Performance of Vapour Compression Refrigeration
System, International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and
Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue. 6, pgs. 40-44; June 2014.
[13] D.T. Reindl and H. Hong, Evaluation of Liquid Pressure Amplifier
Technology, International Journal of Air Conditioning and
Refrigeration, vol.13, pp.119-127; 2005.
[14] A. Hadawey, Y.T. Ge and S. A. Tassou, Energy Saving Trough Liquid
Pressure Amplification in a Dairy Plant Refrigeration System. CEBER
Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
[15] DOE, Liquid Refrigerant Pumping Technology for Improving
Refrigeration Performance and Capacity, New Technology
Demonstration Program, U.S. Department of Energy
[16] M.F. Taras, A. Lifson and T.J. Dobmeier, Refrigerant Cycle with
Tandem Economized and Conventional Compressors. United States
Patent; Patent No.: Us 6.955.058 B2; Date of Patent: Oct.18, 2005.
[17] M.J. Andres, Expendable Turbine Driven Compression Cycle Cooling
System, United States; Patent Application Publication; Pub. No.: Us
2007/0193301 A1; Pub. Date: Aug.23, 2007.
[18] A. Lifson and M.F. Taras, Refrigerant System with Variable Capacity
Expander. United States; Patent Application Publication; Pub. No.: Us
2010/0031677 A1; Pub. Date: Feb.11, 2010.
[19] J.W. Bush, W.P. Beagle and B. Mitra, Refrigerating System with
Parallel Staged Economizer Circuits Using Multistage Compression,
United States; Patent Application Publication; Pub. No.: Us
2010/0223938 A1; Pub. Date: Sep.9, 2010.
[20] B. Mitra, W.P. Beagle and J.W. Bush, Refrigerating System with
Parallel Staged Economizer Circuits Discharging to Interstage Pressures
of a Main Compressor, United States; Patent Application Publication;
Pub. No.: Us 2010/0223939 A1; Pub. Date: Sep.9, 2010.
[21] M. Ascani, Refrigerating Device and Method for Circulating a
Refrigerating Fluid Associated With it, United States Patent; Patent No.:
Us 8,505,317 B2; Date of Patent: Aug.13, 2013.
[22] M. Ascani, G. Cerri and E. De Francesco, Power Reduction in Vapour
Compression Cooling Cycles by Power Regeneration, The 69th
Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association,
ATI2014, September 10 – 12, 2014.
[23] G. Cerri, Sviluppo di un impianto per produzione del freddo criogenico
mediante rigenerazione e sviluppo del gruppo scambiatore-espansorecompressore
ational (SEC), Compressors and Expanders State of the Art
Technical Report OR2 – A2.2 SEC Cold Energy Project, 2012.
[24] S.L. Dixon, CA. Hall, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of
Turbomachinery, Butterworth Heinemann, Sixth Edition, 2010.
[25] O.E. Baljè, Turbomachines: A Guide to Design, Selection, and Theory,
John Wiley and Sons, New York; 1980.
[26] A. Whitfield, N.C. Baines, Design of Radial Turbomachines, John Wiley
and Sons, New York, USA; 1990.
[27] G. Cerri, Organic Fluid Turbines for Various Engine Power Level
Turbochargers, The 33rd ASME International Gas Turbine and
Aeroengine Congress, ASME pap. 88–GT–1, Amsterdam, Netherlands,
June 5 – 9, 1988.
[28] G. Cerri, A Simultaneous Solution Method Based on a Modular
Approach for Power Plant Analyses and Optimized Designs and
Operations, International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress,
ASME paper 96–GT–302, Birmingham, UK, June 10–13, 1996.
[1] Borlein, Energy Savings in Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: Low
Pressure Control, White paper, Schneider Electric; August 2011.
[2] New Refrigeration Cycle to Improve 100 – Year - Old Technology.
Calmac Manufacturing Corporation; October - December 2001.
[3] N.Q. Minh, N.J. Hewitt and P.C. Eames, Improved Vapor Compression
Refrigeration Cycles: Literature Review and Their Application to Heat
Pumps. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference.
Paper 795; 2006.
[4] J. Sarkar, Ejector Enhanced Vapor Compression Refrigeration and Heat
Pump Systems - A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
16, 6647-6659; August 2012.
[5] J. Yu, H. Zhao and Y. Li, Application of an Ejector in Auto Cascade
Refrigeration Cycle for the Performance Improvement, International
Journal of Refrigeration, vol.31, pp.279-286; 2008.
[6] Y. Zhu and P. Jiang, Hybrid Vapor Compression Refrigeration System
with an Integrated Ejector Cooling Cycle, International Journal of
Refrigeration, vol.35, pp. 68-78; 2012.
[7] A. Selvaraju and A. Mani, Experimental Investigation on R134a Vapor
Ejector Refrigeration System, International Journal of Refrigeration,
vol.29, pp.1160-1166; 2006.
[8] L. Kairouani, M. Elakhdar, E. Nehdi and N. Bouaziz, Use of Ejectors in
a Multi-Evaporator Refrigeration System for Performance Enhancement,
International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol.32, pp.1173-1185; 2009.
[9] A. Prakash, Improving the Performance of Vapor Compression
Refrigeration System by Using Sub–Cooling and Diffuser, International
Journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise Applications, ISSN
(Print): 2279-0020, IJEBEA 13-129; 2013.
[10] K.H. Reddy et al., Improvement of Energy Efficiency Ratio of
Refrigerant Compressor, International Journal of Scientific &
Technology Research, Volume 2, ISSN 2277-8616, Issue 5; May 2013.
[11] E. Elgendy, Parametric Study of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration
Cycle Using a Two-Phase Constant Area Ejector, International Journal
of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering,
Vol.: 7 No: 8; 2013.
[12] N. Upadhyay, To Study the Effect of Sub-Cooling and Diffuser on the
Coefficient of Performance of Vapour Compression Refrigeration
System, International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and
Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue. 6, pgs. 40-44; June 2014.
[13] D.T. Reindl and H. Hong, Evaluation of Liquid Pressure Amplifier
Technology, International Journal of Air Conditioning and
Refrigeration, vol.13, pp.119-127; 2005.
[14] A. Hadawey, Y.T. Ge and S. A. Tassou, Energy Saving Trough Liquid
Pressure Amplification in a Dairy Plant Refrigeration System. CEBER
Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
[15] DOE, Liquid Refrigerant Pumping Technology for Improving
Refrigeration Performance and Capacity, New Technology
Demonstration Program, U.S. Department of Energy
[16] M.F. Taras, A. Lifson and T.J. Dobmeier, Refrigerant Cycle with
Tandem Economized and Conventional Compressors. United States
Patent; Patent No.: Us 6.955.058 B2; Date of Patent: Oct.18, 2005.
[17] M.J. Andres, Expendable Turbine Driven Compression Cycle Cooling
System, United States; Patent Application Publication; Pub. No.: Us
2007/0193301 A1; Pub. Date: Aug.23, 2007.
[18] A. Lifson and M.F. Taras, Refrigerant System with Variable Capacity
Expander. United States; Patent Application Publication; Pub. No.: Us
2010/0031677 A1; Pub. Date: Feb.11, 2010.
[19] J.W. Bush, W.P. Beagle and B. Mitra, Refrigerating System with
Parallel Staged Economizer Circuits Using Multistage Compression,
United States; Patent Application Publication; Pub. No.: Us
2010/0223938 A1; Pub. Date: Sep.9, 2010.
[20] B. Mitra, W.P. Beagle and J.W. Bush, Refrigerating System with
Parallel Staged Economizer Circuits Discharging to Interstage Pressures
of a Main Compressor, United States; Patent Application Publication;
Pub. No.: Us 2010/0223939 A1; Pub. Date: Sep.9, 2010.
[21] M. Ascani, Refrigerating Device and Method for Circulating a
Refrigerating Fluid Associated With it, United States Patent; Patent No.:
Us 8,505,317 B2; Date of Patent: Aug.13, 2013.
[22] M. Ascani, G. Cerri and E. De Francesco, Power Reduction in Vapour
Compression Cooling Cycles by Power Regeneration, The 69th
Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association,
ATI2014, September 10 – 12, 2014.
[23] G. Cerri, Sviluppo di un impianto per produzione del freddo criogenico
mediante rigenerazione e sviluppo del gruppo scambiatore-espansorecompressore
ational (SEC), Compressors and Expanders State of the Art
Technical Report OR2 – A2.2 SEC Cold Energy Project, 2012.
[24] S.L. Dixon, CA. Hall, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of
Turbomachinery, Butterworth Heinemann, Sixth Edition, 2010.
[25] O.E. Baljè, Turbomachines: A Guide to Design, Selection, and Theory,
John Wiley and Sons, New York; 1980.
[26] A. Whitfield, N.C. Baines, Design of Radial Turbomachines, John Wiley
and Sons, New York, USA; 1990.
[27] G. Cerri, Organic Fluid Turbines for Various Engine Power Level
Turbochargers, The 33rd ASME International Gas Turbine and
Aeroengine Congress, ASME pap. 88–GT–1, Amsterdam, Netherlands,
June 5 – 9, 1988.
[28] G. Cerri, A Simultaneous Solution Method Based on a Modular
Approach for Power Plant Analyses and Optimized Designs and
Operations, International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress,
ASME paper 96–GT–302, Birmingham, UK, June 10–13, 1996.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:69530", author = "S. B. Alavi and G. Cerri and L. Chennaoui and A. Giovannelli and S. Mazzoni", title = "Optimum Turbomachine Selection for Power Regeneration in Vapor Compression Cool Production Plants", abstract = "Power Regeneration in Refrigeration Plant concept
has been analyzed and has been shown to be capable of saving about
25% power in Cryogenic Plants with the Power Regeneration System
(PRS) running under nominal conditions. The innovative component
Compressor Expander Group (CEG) based on turbomachinery has
been designed and built modifying CETT compressor and expander,
both selected for optimum plant performance. Experiments have
shown the good response of the turbomachines to run with R404a as
working fluid. Power saving up to 12% under PRS derated conditions
(50% loading) has been demonstrated. Such experiments allowed
predicting a power saving up to 25% under CEG full load.
", keywords = "Compressor, Expander, Power Saving, Refrigeration
Plant, Turbine, Turbomachinery Selection, Vapor Pressure Booster.", volume = "9", number = "4", pages = "569-12", }
