Optimization of Growth Conditions for Acidic Protease Production from Rhizopus oligosporus through Solid State Fermentation of Sunflower Meal
Rhizopus oligosporus was used in the present study
for the production of protease enzyme under SSF. Sunflower meal
was used as by-product of oil industry incorporated with organic salts
was employed for the production of protease enzyme. The main
purpose of the present was to study different parameters of protease
productivity, its yields and to optimize basal fermentation conditions.
The optimal conditions found for protease production using
sunflower meal as a substrate in the present study were inoculum size
(1%), substrate (Sunflower meal), substrate concentration (20 g), pH
(3), cultivation period (72 h), incubation temperature (35oC),
substrate to diluent-s ratio (1:2) and tween 81 (1 mL). The maximum
production of protease in the presence of cheaper substrate at low
concentration and stability at acidic pH, these characteristics make
the strain and its enzymes useful in different industry.
[1] C. Krishna, "Solid-state fermentation system an over view," Critical Rev
Biotechnol., vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 1-30, 2005.
[2] H. S. Joo, and C. S. Chang, "Production of protease from a new
alkalophilic Bacillus sp. I-312 grown on soybean meal: optimization and
some properties," Proc Biochem., vol. 40, pp. 1263-1270, 2004.
[3] R. Tunga, R. Banerjee, and B. C. Bhattacharyya, "Optimization of some
additives to improve protease production under SSF," Indian J Exp
Biol., vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 1144-1148, 2001.
[4] M. Papagiani, N. Joshi, and M. M. Young, "Comparative study on extra
cellular protease secretion and glucoamylase production by free and
immobilized Aspergillus-induced reactive oxygen species improve
production from Aspergillus Niger cultivation," J Ind Microbiol
Biotechnol., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 259-263, 2002.
[5] S. Sahoo, K. K. Rao, and G. K. Suraishkumar, "Induced reactive oxygen
species improve enzyme production from Aspergillus niger cultivation."
Biotechnol Lett., vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 821-825, 2003.
[6] H. Ikram, and M. Hamid, "Biosynthesis of protease by Rhizopus
Oligosporus IHS13 in low cost medium by solid state fermentation. J
Basic Microbiol., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 280-287, 2004.
[7] J. Z. Liu, Y. Y. Huang, L. P. Weng, and L. N. Ji, "Effects of metal ions
simultaneous production of glucose oxidase and catalase by Aspergillus
Niger," Lett Appl Microbiol., vol. 32, pp. 16-19, 2001.
[8] T. Yokotsuka, "Proteinaceous fermented and condiments prepared with
koji molds," In: Hand book of mycology. Eds D. K. Arora, K. G.
Mukerji, and E. H. Marth, New York, pp. 329-373, 1991.
[9] C. E. McDonald, and L. L. Chen "Lowry modification of the Folin
reagent for determination of proteinase activity," Ann Biochem., vol. 10,
pp. 175-186, 1965.
[10] Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dicky DA. Principles and Procedure of Statistics.
A biometrical approach. WCB McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York.
1997, pp. 672.
[11] I. U. Haq, H. Mukhtar, and H. Umber, "Production of Protease by
Penicillium chrysogenum Through Optimization of Environmental
Conditions," J Agri Soc Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 23-25, 2006.
[12] L. Ikasari, and D. A. Mitchell, "Protease production by Rhizopus
oligosporus in solid state fermentation." World J Microbiol Biotechnol.,
vol. 10, pp. 320-324, 1994.
[13] A. Sumantha, P. Deepa, C. Sandhya, G. Szakacs, C. R. Soccol, and A.
Pandey, "Rice Bran as a Substrate for Proteolytic Enzyme Production,"
Braz Arch Biol Technol., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 843-851, 2006.
[14] I. Haq, H. Mukhtar, and N. Riaz, "Protease biosynthesis by mutant strain
of Penicillium griseoroseum and cheese formation." Pak J Biol Sci., vol.
7, pp. 1473-6, 2004.
[15] I. Ahmed, M. Irfan, M. Nadeem, M. A. Zia, and H. M. N. Iqbal,
"Optimization of media and environmental conditions for alkaline
protease production using Bacillus subtilis in submerged fermentation
process," IJAVMS., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 105-113, 2010.
[16] C. Sandhya, A. Sumantha, G. Szakacs, and A. Pandey, "Comparative
evaluation of neutral protease production by Aspergillus oryzae in
submerged and solid-state fermentation," Proc Biochem., vol. 40, pp.
2689-2694, 2005.
[17] A. W. Norliza, and C. O. Ibrahim, "The production of Benzaldehyde by
Rhizopus oligosporus USM R1 in a Solid State Fermentation (SSF)
System of Soy Bean Meal: rice husks," Malaysian J Microbiol., vol. 1,
no. 2, pp. 17-24, 2005.
[18] R. Paranthaman, K. Alagusundaram, and J. Indhumathi, "Production of
Protease from Rice Mill Wastes by Aspergillus niger in Solid State
Fermentation," World J Agri Sci., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 308-312, 2009.
[19] C. Djamel, T. Ali, and C. Nelly, (2009). "Acid Protease Production by
Isolated Species of Penicillium," European J Scientific Research., vol.
25, no. 3, pp. 469-477, 2009.
[1] C. Krishna, "Solid-state fermentation system an over view," Critical Rev
Biotechnol., vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 1-30, 2005.
[2] H. S. Joo, and C. S. Chang, "Production of protease from a new
alkalophilic Bacillus sp. I-312 grown on soybean meal: optimization and
some properties," Proc Biochem., vol. 40, pp. 1263-1270, 2004.
[3] R. Tunga, R. Banerjee, and B. C. Bhattacharyya, "Optimization of some
additives to improve protease production under SSF," Indian J Exp
Biol., vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 1144-1148, 2001.
[4] M. Papagiani, N. Joshi, and M. M. Young, "Comparative study on extra
cellular protease secretion and glucoamylase production by free and
immobilized Aspergillus-induced reactive oxygen species improve
production from Aspergillus Niger cultivation," J Ind Microbiol
Biotechnol., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 259-263, 2002.
[5] S. Sahoo, K. K. Rao, and G. K. Suraishkumar, "Induced reactive oxygen
species improve enzyme production from Aspergillus niger cultivation."
Biotechnol Lett., vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 821-825, 2003.
[6] H. Ikram, and M. Hamid, "Biosynthesis of protease by Rhizopus
Oligosporus IHS13 in low cost medium by solid state fermentation. J
Basic Microbiol., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 280-287, 2004.
[7] J. Z. Liu, Y. Y. Huang, L. P. Weng, and L. N. Ji, "Effects of metal ions
simultaneous production of glucose oxidase and catalase by Aspergillus
Niger," Lett Appl Microbiol., vol. 32, pp. 16-19, 2001.
[8] T. Yokotsuka, "Proteinaceous fermented and condiments prepared with
koji molds," In: Hand book of mycology. Eds D. K. Arora, K. G.
Mukerji, and E. H. Marth, New York, pp. 329-373, 1991.
[9] C. E. McDonald, and L. L. Chen "Lowry modification of the Folin
reagent for determination of proteinase activity," Ann Biochem., vol. 10,
pp. 175-186, 1965.
[10] Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dicky DA. Principles and Procedure of Statistics.
A biometrical approach. WCB McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York.
1997, pp. 672.
[11] I. U. Haq, H. Mukhtar, and H. Umber, "Production of Protease by
Penicillium chrysogenum Through Optimization of Environmental
Conditions," J Agri Soc Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 23-25, 2006.
[12] L. Ikasari, and D. A. Mitchell, "Protease production by Rhizopus
oligosporus in solid state fermentation." World J Microbiol Biotechnol.,
vol. 10, pp. 320-324, 1994.
[13] A. Sumantha, P. Deepa, C. Sandhya, G. Szakacs, C. R. Soccol, and A.
Pandey, "Rice Bran as a Substrate for Proteolytic Enzyme Production,"
Braz Arch Biol Technol., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 843-851, 2006.
[14] I. Haq, H. Mukhtar, and N. Riaz, "Protease biosynthesis by mutant strain
of Penicillium griseoroseum and cheese formation." Pak J Biol Sci., vol.
7, pp. 1473-6, 2004.
[15] I. Ahmed, M. Irfan, M. Nadeem, M. A. Zia, and H. M. N. Iqbal,
"Optimization of media and environmental conditions for alkaline
protease production using Bacillus subtilis in submerged fermentation
process," IJAVMS., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 105-113, 2010.
[16] C. Sandhya, A. Sumantha, G. Szakacs, and A. Pandey, "Comparative
evaluation of neutral protease production by Aspergillus oryzae in
submerged and solid-state fermentation," Proc Biochem., vol. 40, pp.
2689-2694, 2005.
[17] A. W. Norliza, and C. O. Ibrahim, "The production of Benzaldehyde by
Rhizopus oligosporus USM R1 in a Solid State Fermentation (SSF)
System of Soy Bean Meal: rice husks," Malaysian J Microbiol., vol. 1,
no. 2, pp. 17-24, 2005.
[18] R. Paranthaman, K. Alagusundaram, and J. Indhumathi, "Production of
Protease from Rice Mill Wastes by Aspergillus niger in Solid State
Fermentation," World J Agri Sci., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 308-312, 2009.
[19] C. Djamel, T. Ali, and C. Nelly, (2009). "Acid Protease Production by
Isolated Species of Penicillium," European J Scientific Research., vol.
25, no. 3, pp. 469-477, 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:61787", author = "Abdul Rauf and Muhammad Irfan and Muhammad Nadeem and Ishtiaq Ahmed and Hafiz Muhammad Nasir Iqbal", title = "Optimization of Growth Conditions for Acidic Protease Production from Rhizopus oligosporus through Solid State Fermentation of Sunflower Meal", abstract = "Rhizopus oligosporus was used in the present study
for the production of protease enzyme under SSF. Sunflower meal
was used as by-product of oil industry incorporated with organic salts
was employed for the production of protease enzyme. The main
purpose of the present was to study different parameters of protease
productivity, its yields and to optimize basal fermentation conditions.
The optimal conditions found for protease production using
sunflower meal as a substrate in the present study were inoculum size
(1%), substrate (Sunflower meal), substrate concentration (20 g), pH
(3), cultivation period (72 h), incubation temperature (35oC),
substrate to diluent-s ratio (1:2) and tween 81 (1 mL). The maximum
production of protease in the presence of cheaper substrate at low
concentration and stability at acidic pH, these characteristics make
the strain and its enzymes useful in different industry.", keywords = "Acidic protease, Rhizopus oligosporus, Mediaoptimization, Solid state Fermentation", volume = "4", number = "12", pages = "922-4", }
