Optimization Approach on Flapping Aerodynamic Characteristics of Corrugated Airfoil
The development of biomimetic micro-aerial-vehicles
(MAVs) with flapping wings is the future trend in military/domestic
field. The successful flight of MAVs is strongly related to the
understanding of unsteady aerodynamic performance of low Reynolds
number airfoils under dynamic flapping motion. This study explored
the effects of flapping frequency, stroke amplitude, and the inclined
angle of stroke plane on lift force and thrust force of a bio-inspiration
corrugated airfoil with 33 full factorial design of experiment and
ANOVA analysis. Unsteady vorticity flows over a corrugated thin
airfoil executing flapping motion are computed with time-dependent
two-dimensional laminar incompressible Reynolds-averaged
Navier-Stokes equations with the conformal hybrid mesh. The tested
freestream Reynolds number based on the chord length of airfoil as
characteristic length is fixed of 103. The dynamic mesh technique is
applied to model the flapping motion of a corrugated airfoil. Instant
vorticity contours over a complete flapping cycle clearly reveals the
flow mechanisms for lift force generation are dynamic stall, rotational
circulation, and wake capture. The thrust force is produced as the
leading edge vortex shedding from the trailing edge of airfoil to form a
reverse von Karman vortex. Results also indicated that the inclined
angle is the most significant factor on both the lift force and thrust
force. There are strong interactions between tested factors which mean
an optimization study on parameters should be conducted in further
runs.
[1] Mueller T. J. (ed.), "Fixed and Flapping Wing Aerodynamics for Micro
Air Vehicle Applications". Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics,
195, AIAA, Reston, VA, 2001, pp. 453-471.
[2] Triantafyllou G. S., Triantafyllou M. S. and Grosenbaugh M. A.,
"Optimal Thrust Development in Oscillating Foils with Application to
Fish Propulsion". Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 7, 1993, pp.
205-224.
[3] Lai, J.C.S., Platzer, M.F., "The Characteristics of a Plunging Airfoil at
Zero Free-stream Velocity". AIAA Journal, Vol. 39, 2001, pp. 531-534.
[4] Jones, K. D., Dohring, C. M., and Platzer, M. F., "Experimental and
Computational Investigation of the Knoller-Betz Effect". AIAA Journal,
Vol. 36, No. 7, 1998, pp. 1240-1246.
[5] Anderson, J.M., Streitlien, K., Barrett, D.S., Triantafyllou, M.S.,
"Oscillating Foils of High Propulsive Efficiency". Journal of Fluid
Mechanics, Vol. 360, 1998, pp. 41-72.
[6] Ellington, C. P., "The Novel Aerodynamics of Insect Flight: Applications
to Micro-Air-Vehicles". Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 202,
No.23, 1999, pp. 3439-3448.
[7] Dickinson, M. H., Lehmann, F. O., and Sane, S. P., "Wing Rotation and
the Aerodynamic Basis of Insect Flight". Science, Vol. 284, 1999, pp.
1954-1960.
[8] Kawamura, Y., Soudal, S., Nishimoto, S., Ellington, C.P.,
Clapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle of Insect Size. In: N. Kato, S.
Kamimura (eds.) Bio-Mechanisms of Swimming and Flying, Springer
Verlag, 2008.
[9] Ansari, A.A., Phillips, N., Stabler, G., Wilkins, P.C., ┼╗bikowski, R., and
Knowles, K. "Experimental Investigation of Some aspects of Insect-Like
Flapping Flight Aerodynamics for Application to Micro Air Vehicles".
Exp. Fluids, Vol. 46, 2009, pp. 777-798.
[10] Jones, K. D. and Platzer, M. F., "Design and Development Considerations
for Biologically Inspired Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles". Exp.
Fluids, Vol. 46, 2009, pp. 799-810.
[11] Tuncer,I. H., Platzer, M. F., "Thrust Generation due to Airfoil Flapping".
AIAA Journal, Vol. 34, 1996, pp. 509-515.
[12] Isogai, K., Shinmoto, Y., Watanabe, Y., "Effect of Dynamic Stall on
Propulsive Efficiency and Thrust of a Flapping Airfoil". AIAA Journal,
Vol. 37, 1999, pp. 1145-1151.
[13] Isaac, K. M., Rolwes, J., and Colozza, A., " Aerodynamics of a Flapping
and Pitching Wing Using Simulations and Experiments". AIAA Journal,
Vol. 46, 2008, pp. 1505-1515.
[14] Chandar, D., and Damodaran, M., "Computational Study of Unsteady
Low Reynolds Number Airfoil Aerodynamics on Moving Overlapping
Meshes," AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, 2008, pp. 429-438.
[15] Miao, J. M. and Ho, M. H., " Effect of Flexure on Aerodynamic
Propulsive Efficiency of Flapping Flexible Airfoil". Journal of Fluids
and Structures, Vol. 22, 2006, pp. 401-419.
[16] Miao, J. M., Sun, W. S., and Tai, C. H., "Numerical Analysis on
Aerodynamic Force Generation of Biplane Counter-Flapping Flexible
Airfoils". Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 46, No. 5, 2009, pp. 1785-1794.
[17] Wang, Z. J. " Two Dimensional Mechanism of Hovering". Phys. Rev.
Lett., Vol. 85, 2000, pp. 2216-2219.
[18] Wang Z. J. " The Role of Drag in Insect Hovering". J. Exp. Biol,.Vol.
207. 2004, pp. 4147-4155.
[19] Tamai, M., Wang, Z., Rajagopalan, G., Hu, H., and He, G.,
"Aerodynamic Performance of a Corrugated Dragonfly Airfoil Compared
with Smooth Airfoils at Low Reynolds Number". 45th AIAA Aerospace
Science Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, Jan 8-11, 2007.
[20] Kesel , A. B. "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Dragonfly Wing Sections
Compared with Technical Aerofoils". J. Exp. Biol. Vol. 203, 2000, pp.
3125-3135.
[21] Vargas, A., Mittal, R., and Dong, H., "A Computational Study of the
Aerodynamic Performance of a Dragonfly Wing Section in Gliding
Flight". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, Vol. 3, 2008, pp. 1-13
[1] Mueller T. J. (ed.), "Fixed and Flapping Wing Aerodynamics for Micro
Air Vehicle Applications". Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics,
195, AIAA, Reston, VA, 2001, pp. 453-471.
[2] Triantafyllou G. S., Triantafyllou M. S. and Grosenbaugh M. A.,
"Optimal Thrust Development in Oscillating Foils with Application to
Fish Propulsion". Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 7, 1993, pp.
205-224.
[3] Lai, J.C.S., Platzer, M.F., "The Characteristics of a Plunging Airfoil at
Zero Free-stream Velocity". AIAA Journal, Vol. 39, 2001, pp. 531-534.
[4] Jones, K. D., Dohring, C. M., and Platzer, M. F., "Experimental and
Computational Investigation of the Knoller-Betz Effect". AIAA Journal,
Vol. 36, No. 7, 1998, pp. 1240-1246.
[5] Anderson, J.M., Streitlien, K., Barrett, D.S., Triantafyllou, M.S.,
"Oscillating Foils of High Propulsive Efficiency". Journal of Fluid
Mechanics, Vol. 360, 1998, pp. 41-72.
[6] Ellington, C. P., "The Novel Aerodynamics of Insect Flight: Applications
to Micro-Air-Vehicles". Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 202,
No.23, 1999, pp. 3439-3448.
[7] Dickinson, M. H., Lehmann, F. O., and Sane, S. P., "Wing Rotation and
the Aerodynamic Basis of Insect Flight". Science, Vol. 284, 1999, pp.
1954-1960.
[8] Kawamura, Y., Soudal, S., Nishimoto, S., Ellington, C.P.,
Clapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle of Insect Size. In: N. Kato, S.
Kamimura (eds.) Bio-Mechanisms of Swimming and Flying, Springer
Verlag, 2008.
[9] Ansari, A.A., Phillips, N., Stabler, G., Wilkins, P.C., ┼╗bikowski, R., and
Knowles, K. "Experimental Investigation of Some aspects of Insect-Like
Flapping Flight Aerodynamics for Application to Micro Air Vehicles".
Exp. Fluids, Vol. 46, 2009, pp. 777-798.
[10] Jones, K. D. and Platzer, M. F., "Design and Development Considerations
for Biologically Inspired Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles". Exp.
Fluids, Vol. 46, 2009, pp. 799-810.
[11] Tuncer,I. H., Platzer, M. F., "Thrust Generation due to Airfoil Flapping".
AIAA Journal, Vol. 34, 1996, pp. 509-515.
[12] Isogai, K., Shinmoto, Y., Watanabe, Y., "Effect of Dynamic Stall on
Propulsive Efficiency and Thrust of a Flapping Airfoil". AIAA Journal,
Vol. 37, 1999, pp. 1145-1151.
[13] Isaac, K. M., Rolwes, J., and Colozza, A., " Aerodynamics of a Flapping
and Pitching Wing Using Simulations and Experiments". AIAA Journal,
Vol. 46, 2008, pp. 1505-1515.
[14] Chandar, D., and Damodaran, M., "Computational Study of Unsteady
Low Reynolds Number Airfoil Aerodynamics on Moving Overlapping
Meshes," AIAA Journal, Vol. 46, 2008, pp. 429-438.
[15] Miao, J. M. and Ho, M. H., " Effect of Flexure on Aerodynamic
Propulsive Efficiency of Flapping Flexible Airfoil". Journal of Fluids
and Structures, Vol. 22, 2006, pp. 401-419.
[16] Miao, J. M., Sun, W. S., and Tai, C. H., "Numerical Analysis on
Aerodynamic Force Generation of Biplane Counter-Flapping Flexible
Airfoils". Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 46, No. 5, 2009, pp. 1785-1794.
[17] Wang, Z. J. " Two Dimensional Mechanism of Hovering". Phys. Rev.
Lett., Vol. 85, 2000, pp. 2216-2219.
[18] Wang Z. J. " The Role of Drag in Insect Hovering". J. Exp. Biol,.Vol.
207. 2004, pp. 4147-4155.
[19] Tamai, M., Wang, Z., Rajagopalan, G., Hu, H., and He, G.,
"Aerodynamic Performance of a Corrugated Dragonfly Airfoil Compared
with Smooth Airfoils at Low Reynolds Number". 45th AIAA Aerospace
Science Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, Jan 8-11, 2007.
[20] Kesel , A. B. "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Dragonfly Wing Sections
Compared with Technical Aerofoils". J. Exp. Biol. Vol. 203, 2000, pp.
3125-3135.
[21] Vargas, A., Mittal, R., and Dong, H., "A Computational Study of the
Aerodynamic Performance of a Dragonfly Wing Section in Gliding
Flight". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, Vol. 3, 2008, pp. 1-13
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:61926", author = "Wei-Hsin Sun and Jr-Ming Miao and Chang-Hsien Tai and Chien-Chun Hung", title = "Optimization Approach on Flapping Aerodynamic Characteristics of Corrugated Airfoil", abstract = "The development of biomimetic micro-aerial-vehicles
(MAVs) with flapping wings is the future trend in military/domestic
field. The successful flight of MAVs is strongly related to the
understanding of unsteady aerodynamic performance of low Reynolds
number airfoils under dynamic flapping motion. This study explored
the effects of flapping frequency, stroke amplitude, and the inclined
angle of stroke plane on lift force and thrust force of a bio-inspiration
corrugated airfoil with 33 full factorial design of experiment and
ANOVA analysis. Unsteady vorticity flows over a corrugated thin
airfoil executing flapping motion are computed with time-dependent
two-dimensional laminar incompressible Reynolds-averaged
Navier-Stokes equations with the conformal hybrid mesh. The tested
freestream Reynolds number based on the chord length of airfoil as
characteristic length is fixed of 103. The dynamic mesh technique is
applied to model the flapping motion of a corrugated airfoil. Instant
vorticity contours over a complete flapping cycle clearly reveals the
flow mechanisms for lift force generation are dynamic stall, rotational
circulation, and wake capture. The thrust force is produced as the
leading edge vortex shedding from the trailing edge of airfoil to form a
reverse von Karman vortex. Results also indicated that the inclined
angle is the most significant factor on both the lift force and thrust
force. There are strong interactions between tested factors which mean
an optimization study on parameters should be conducted in further
runs.", keywords = "biomimetic, MAVs, aerodynamic, ANOVA analysis.", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "453-8", }