Motor Skill Adaptation Depends On the Level of Learning
An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the level of performance stabilization on the human adaptability to perceptual-motor perturbation in a complex coincident timing task. Three levels of performance stabilization were established operationally: pre-stabilization, stabilization, and super-stabilization groups. Each group practiced the task until reached its level of stabilization in a constant sequence of movements and under a constant time constraint before exposure to perturbation. The results clearly showed that performance stabilization is a pre-condition for adaptation. Moreover, variability before reaching stabilization is harmful to adaptation and persistent variability after stabilization is beneficial. Moreover, the behavior of variability is specific to each measure.
[1] Izawa, J.; Rane, T.; Dochin, O.; Shadmehr, R. Motor Adaptation as a
process of reoptimization. Journal of Neuroscience, v. 132, p. 28-41,
2008.
[2] C Button, Davids K, Bennet SJ, Taylor MA. Mechanical perturbation of
the wrist during one-handed catching. Acta Psychologica 105 (2000) 9-
30.
[3] S.R. Caljouw, J. van der Kamp, G.J.P. Savelsberg. The impact of taskconstrains
on the planning and control of interceptive hitting
movements. Neuroscience Letters 392 (2006) 84-89.
[4] R.M.C. Spencer, H.N. Zelaznick Weber (slope) analyses of timing
variability in taping and drawing tasks. Journal of Motor Behavior 35
(2003) 371-381.
[5] J.R. Tresilian, A.Plooy. Effects of acoustic startle stimuli on interceptive
action. Neuroscience 142 (2006) 579-594.
[6] S.M. Pincus. Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity.
Procedings of the National Academy of Science 88 (1991) 2297-301.
[7] N. Bernstein. The Co-ordination and Regulation of Human Movements.
Oxford, Pergamon, 1967, 196 pp.
[8] E. Brenner, J.B.J. Smeets. Perceptual requirements for fast manual
responses. Experimental Brain Research 153 (2003) 246-252.
[9] J.R. Tresilian, J. Oliver, T.J.Carroll. Temporal precision of interceptive
action: differential effects of target size and speed. Experimental Brain
Research 148 (2003) 425-438.
[10] E.J. Manoel, K.J. Connolly. Variability and the development of skilled
actions. International Journal Psychological 19 (1995) 129-147.
[11] M.L. Latash, J.F. Scholz, F. Danion, G. Schöner. Structure motor
variability in marginal redundant multifinger force production tasks.
Experimental Brain Research 141 (2001) 153-165.
[12] G.F. Reed, F. Lynn, B.D. Meade Use of coefficient of variation in
assessing variability of quantitative assays. Clinical and Diagnostic
Laboratory Immunology 9 (2002) 1235-1239.
[13] A.B. Slifkin, K.M. Newell. Noise, information transmission and force
variability. Journal Experimental Psychological Human Percept
Performance 25 (1999) 837-851.
[14] Haken, H. Synergetics: An introduction: Nonequilibrium phase
transitions and self-organization in physics, chemistry and biology
(1983).
[15] Kelso, J. A. S. Phase Transitions and critical behavior in human
bimanual coordination. American Journal of physiology: Regulatory,
integrative, and comparative, 15, R 1000 - R 10004 (1984).
[16] J.P. Scholz, G. Schoner. The uncontrolled manifold concept: Identifying
control variables for a functional taks. Experimental Brain Research
126 (1999) 289-306.
[17] A.D. Prager, J.L.Contreras-Vidal. Adaptation to display rotation and
display gain distortion during drawing. Human Moviment Science 22
(2003) 173-87.
[18] S.J.A. Kelso, D.A. Engostrom. The complementary Nature. London,
MIT Pres, 2006, 317pp.
[19] K.M. Newell. Change in Movement and Skill: Learning, Retention and
Transfer. In: M.L.T. Latash, M.T. Turvey. with on Dexterity and its
Development by N.A. Bernstein (Eds.), Dexterity and its Development.
New Jersey, Mahwah. 1996, pp.393-429.
[20] E.J. Manoel, L. Basso, U.C. Corrêa, G. Tani Modulatity and
hierarquical organization of action programs in human acquisition of
graphic skills. Neuroscience Letters 335 (2002) 83-86.
[21] D. Timmann, S. Richter, S. Betsmann, K.T. Kalveram, J. Konczak.
Predictive control of muscle responses to arm perturbations in celebellar
patients. Journal Neurologycal NeurosurgPsychiatry 69 (2000) 345-
352.
[22] P.G. Zanone, J.A.S. Kelso. Learning and transfer as dynamical
paradigms for behavioral change. In: Stelmach GE, Requin J, editors.
Tutorials in Motor Behavior II. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, 1992,
pp.563-582.
[23] L. Li, J.M. Haddad, J. Hamil. Stability and variability may respond
differently to changes in walking speed. Human Moviment Science 24
(2005) 257-267.
[24] D.O. Hebb. The organization of behavior: a neuropsychological
theory. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1949, 335pp.
[25] J.C.E. Van Der Burg, J.H. Van Dieën. The effect of timing of a
perturbation on the execution of a lifting movement. Human Moviment
Science 20 (2001) 243-255.
[26] L.R.T. Willians, J.M Jasiewicz, R.W. Simmons Coincidence timing of
finger, arm, and whole body movements. Perceptual Motor Skills 92
(2000) 535-547.
[27] S.C. Lai, G. Mayer-Kress, K.M. Newell. Information entropy and the
variability of space-time movement error. Journal Motor Behavior 38
(2006) 451-466.
[28] T. Ceux, J. Wagemans, P. Rosas, G. Montage, M. Buekers. Perceptualmotor
adaptations in a synchronization task: the joint effects of
frequency and motion coherence manipulations. Behaviour Brain
Research 168 (2006) 226-235.
[1] Izawa, J.; Rane, T.; Dochin, O.; Shadmehr, R. Motor Adaptation as a
process of reoptimization. Journal of Neuroscience, v. 132, p. 28-41,
2008.
[2] C Button, Davids K, Bennet SJ, Taylor MA. Mechanical perturbation of
the wrist during one-handed catching. Acta Psychologica 105 (2000) 9-
30.
[3] S.R. Caljouw, J. van der Kamp, G.J.P. Savelsberg. The impact of taskconstrains
on the planning and control of interceptive hitting
movements. Neuroscience Letters 392 (2006) 84-89.
[4] R.M.C. Spencer, H.N. Zelaznick Weber (slope) analyses of timing
variability in taping and drawing tasks. Journal of Motor Behavior 35
(2003) 371-381.
[5] J.R. Tresilian, A.Plooy. Effects of acoustic startle stimuli on interceptive
action. Neuroscience 142 (2006) 579-594.
[6] S.M. Pincus. Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity.
Procedings of the National Academy of Science 88 (1991) 2297-301.
[7] N. Bernstein. The Co-ordination and Regulation of Human Movements.
Oxford, Pergamon, 1967, 196 pp.
[8] E. Brenner, J.B.J. Smeets. Perceptual requirements for fast manual
responses. Experimental Brain Research 153 (2003) 246-252.
[9] J.R. Tresilian, J. Oliver, T.J.Carroll. Temporal precision of interceptive
action: differential effects of target size and speed. Experimental Brain
Research 148 (2003) 425-438.
[10] E.J. Manoel, K.J. Connolly. Variability and the development of skilled
actions. International Journal Psychological 19 (1995) 129-147.
[11] M.L. Latash, J.F. Scholz, F. Danion, G. Schöner. Structure motor
variability in marginal redundant multifinger force production tasks.
Experimental Brain Research 141 (2001) 153-165.
[12] G.F. Reed, F. Lynn, B.D. Meade Use of coefficient of variation in
assessing variability of quantitative assays. Clinical and Diagnostic
Laboratory Immunology 9 (2002) 1235-1239.
[13] A.B. Slifkin, K.M. Newell. Noise, information transmission and force
variability. Journal Experimental Psychological Human Percept
Performance 25 (1999) 837-851.
[14] Haken, H. Synergetics: An introduction: Nonequilibrium phase
transitions and self-organization in physics, chemistry and biology
(1983).
[15] Kelso, J. A. S. Phase Transitions and critical behavior in human
bimanual coordination. American Journal of physiology: Regulatory,
integrative, and comparative, 15, R 1000 - R 10004 (1984).
[16] J.P. Scholz, G. Schoner. The uncontrolled manifold concept: Identifying
control variables for a functional taks. Experimental Brain Research
126 (1999) 289-306.
[17] A.D. Prager, J.L.Contreras-Vidal. Adaptation to display rotation and
display gain distortion during drawing. Human Moviment Science 22
(2003) 173-87.
[18] S.J.A. Kelso, D.A. Engostrom. The complementary Nature. London,
MIT Pres, 2006, 317pp.
[19] K.M. Newell. Change in Movement and Skill: Learning, Retention and
Transfer. In: M.L.T. Latash, M.T. Turvey. with on Dexterity and its
Development by N.A. Bernstein (Eds.), Dexterity and its Development.
New Jersey, Mahwah. 1996, pp.393-429.
[20] E.J. Manoel, L. Basso, U.C. Corrêa, G. Tani Modulatity and
hierarquical organization of action programs in human acquisition of
graphic skills. Neuroscience Letters 335 (2002) 83-86.
[21] D. Timmann, S. Richter, S. Betsmann, K.T. Kalveram, J. Konczak.
Predictive control of muscle responses to arm perturbations in celebellar
patients. Journal Neurologycal NeurosurgPsychiatry 69 (2000) 345-
352.
[22] P.G. Zanone, J.A.S. Kelso. Learning and transfer as dynamical
paradigms for behavioral change. In: Stelmach GE, Requin J, editors.
Tutorials in Motor Behavior II. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, 1992,
pp.563-582.
[23] L. Li, J.M. Haddad, J. Hamil. Stability and variability may respond
differently to changes in walking speed. Human Moviment Science 24
(2005) 257-267.
[24] D.O. Hebb. The organization of behavior: a neuropsychological
theory. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1949, 335pp.
[25] J.C.E. Van Der Burg, J.H. Van Dieën. The effect of timing of a
perturbation on the execution of a lifting movement. Human Moviment
Science 20 (2001) 243-255.
[26] L.R.T. Willians, J.M Jasiewicz, R.W. Simmons Coincidence timing of
finger, arm, and whole body movements. Perceptual Motor Skills 92
(2000) 535-547.
[27] S.C. Lai, G. Mayer-Kress, K.M. Newell. Information entropy and the
variability of space-time movement error. Journal Motor Behavior 38
(2006) 451-466.
[28] T. Ceux, J. Wagemans, P. Rosas, G. Montage, M. Buekers. Perceptualmotor
adaptations in a synchronization task: the joint effects of
frequency and motion coherence manipulations. Behaviour Brain
Research 168 (2006) 226-235.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:63250", author = "Herbert Ugrinowitsch and Suziane Peixoto dos Santos-Naves and Michele Viviene Carbinatto and Rodolfo NovellinoBenda and Go Tani", title = "Motor Skill Adaptation Depends On the Level of Learning", abstract = "An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the level of performance stabilization on the human adaptability to perceptual-motor perturbation in a complex coincident timing task. Three levels of performance stabilization were established operationally: pre-stabilization, stabilization, and super-stabilization groups. Each group practiced the task until reached its level of stabilization in a constant sequence of movements and under a constant time constraint before exposure to perturbation. The results clearly showed that performance stabilization is a pre-condition for adaptation. Moreover, variability before reaching stabilization is harmful to adaptation and persistent variability after stabilization is beneficial. Moreover, the behavior of variability is specific to each measure.
", keywords = "Adaptation, motor skill, perturbation, stabilization.", volume = "5", number = "5", pages = "796-5", }