Mechanical Properties of 3D Noninterlaced Cf/SiC Composites Prepared through Hybrid Process (CVI+PIP)
Three dimensional non-Interlaced carbon fibre
reinforced silicon carbide (3-D-Cf/SiC) composites with pyrocarbon
interphase were fabricated using isothermal chemical vapor
infiltration (ICVI) combined with polymer impregnation pyrolysis
(PIP) process. Polysilazane (PSZ) is used as a preceramic polymer to
obtain silicon carbide matrix. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA),
Infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
analysis were carried out on PSZ pyrolysed at different temperatures
to understand the pyrolysis and obtaining the optimum pyrolysing
condition to yield β-SiC phase. The density of the composites was
1.94 g cm-3 after the 3-D carbon preform was SiC infiltrated for 280 h
with one intermediate polysilazane pre-ceramic PIP process.
Mechanical properties of the composite materials were investigated
under tensile, flexural, shear and impact loading. The values of
tensile strength were 200 MPa at room temperature (RT) and 195
MPa at 500°C in air. The average RT flexural strength was 243 MPa.
The lower flexural strength of these composites is because of the
porosity. The fracture toughness obtained from single edge notched
beam (SENB) technique was 39 MPa.m1/2. The work of fracture
obtained from the load-displacement curve of SENB test was 22.8
kJ.m-2. The composites exhibited excellent impact resistance and the
dynamic fracture toughness of 44.8 kJ.m-2 is achieved as determined
from instrumented Charpy impact test. The shear strength of the
composite was 93 MPa, which is significantly higher compared 2-D
Cf/SiC composites. Microstructure evaluation of fracture surfaces
revealed the signatures of fracture processes and showed good
support for the higher toughness obtained.
[1] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with
paper title and editor),” in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
[2] Laux, T., Ullmann, T., Auweter-Kurtz, M., Hald, H. and Kurz, A. 2001.
Investigation of thermal protection materials along an x-38 re-entry
trajectory by plasma wind tunnel simulations. In Second International
Symposium on Atmospheric Re-entry Vehicles and Systems 2001.
Arcahon, France. P 1-9.
[3] Kodama, H., Sakamoto, H. and Miyosh, T. 1989. Silicon Carbide
Monofilament-Reinforced Silicon Nitride or Silicon Carbide Matrix
Composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72: 551-558.
[4] Nakano, K., Kamiya, A., Ogawa, H. and Nishino, Y. 1992. Fabrication
and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide
Composites. J. Jp. Ceram. Soc. 100: 472-475.
[5] Jamet, J. M., Lamicq, P. J. 1993. In: Naslain R (Ed), High temperature
ceramic matrix composites, London: Woodhead Publications, 735
(1993).
[6] Fan, S.W., Xu, Y. D., Zhang, L. T., Cheng, L. F., Yu, L., Yuan, Y.D.,
Zhang, F. K., Tian, G. L., Chen, Z. J. and Lou, J. J. 2007. Threedimensional
needle carbon/silicon carbide composites with high friction
performance. Mate. Sci. Engg A. 467: 53-58.
[7] Jian-Xin ZHANG, Shang-Wu FAN, Li-tong ZHANG, Lai-fei CHENG,
Shang-Jie YANG, and Guang-lai TIAN. 2010. Microstructure and
frictional properties of 3D needled C/SiC brake materials modified with
graphite. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China. 20: 2289-2293.
[8] Xu, D. and Zhang, L. T. 1997. Three-Dimensional C/SiC Composites
prepared by Chemical Vapor Infiltration. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80: 1897-
1900.
[9] Xu, Y. D., Zhang, L. T., Cheng, L. F. and Yan, D. T. 1998.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional
Carbon/Silicon Carbide Composites Fabricated by Chemical Vapour
Infiltration. Carbon. 36: 1051-1056.
[10] Hisaichi Ohnabe, Shoju Masaki, Masakazu Onozuka, Kaoru Miyahara,
Tadashi Sasa. 1999. Potential application of ceramic matrix composites
to aero-engine components. Composites Part A. 30: 489-496.
[11] Suresh Kumar, Anil Kumar, Rohini Devi, G. and Gupta, A.K. 2011.
Preparation of 3D orthogonal woven C-SiC composite and its
characterization for thermo-mechanical properties. Mate. Sci. Engg A.
528: 6210-6216.
[12] Yongdong Xu, Laifei Cheng, and Litong Zhang. 1999. Carbon/silicon
carbide composites prepared by chemical vapour infiltration combined
with silicon melt infiltration. Carbon. 37:1179-1187.
[13] Yongdong Xu, Yani Zhang, Laifei Cheng, Litong Zhang, Jianjum Lou,
and Junzhan Zhang. 2007. Preparation and friction behavior of carbon
fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites. Ceramics
International. 33: 439-445.
[14] Laifei Cheng, Yongdong Xu, Qing Zhang, Litong Zhang. 2003. Thermal
diffusivity of 3D C/SiC composites from room temperature to 1400°C.
Carbon. 41: 707-711.
[15] Yamada, R., Taguchi, T. and Igawa, N. 2000. Mechanical and thermal
properties of 2D and 3D SiC/SiC composites. J. Nucl. Mater. 283-287:
574-578.
[16] Udayakumar, A., Raole, P.M. and Balasubramanian, M. 2011. Synthesis
of tailored 2D SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites with BN/C
Interphase through ICVI. J. Nucl. Mater. 417: 363-366.
[17] Udayakumar, A., Sri Ganesh, A., Raja, S. and Balasubramanian, M.
2011. Effect of intermediate heat treatment on mechanical properties of
SiCf/SiC composites with BN Interphase prepared by ICVI. J. Eur.
Ceram. Soc. 31: 1145-1153.
[18] Udayakumar, A., Balasubramanian, M., Gopala, H. B.,
Sampathkumaran, P., Seetharamu, S., Ramesh Babu, R.,
Sathiyamoorthy, D. and Reddy, G. R. 2011. Influence of the type of
interface on the tribological characteristics of ICVI generated SiCf/SiC
composites. Wear. 271: 859-865.
[19] European standard Test method for the determination of density and
apparent porosity of Ceramic composites, DIN EN 1389: 2003.
[20] ASTM Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Continuous Fiber-
Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures. C1292 -
1310: 2010.
[21] Lee, J. D., Butt, P., Baney, R. H. Bowers, C. R. and Tulenko, J. S. 2005.
Synthesis and pyrolysis of novel polysilazane to SiBCN ceramic. J.
Non-Crystall. Solids. 351: 2995–3005.
[22] Chavez, R., Ionescu, E., Balan, C., Fasel, C. and Riedel, R. 2011. Effect
of Ambient Atmosphere on Crosslinking of Polysilazanes. J. Appl.
Polymer Sci. 119: 794–802.
[23] Bahloul, D., Pereira, M. and Gerardin, C. 1997. Pyrolysis chemistry of
polysilazane precursors to siliconcarbonitride. J. Mater. Chem. 7: 109–
116.
[24] Li, Y. L., Kroke, E., Riedel, R., Fasel, C., Gervais, C. and Babonnaeu, F.
2001. Thermal cross-linking and pyrolytic conversion of poly
(ureamethylvinyl)silazanes to silicon-based ceramics. Appl.
Organometal. Chem. 15: 820–832.
[25] Song, Y. C., Zhao, Y., Feng, C. X. and Lu, Y. 1994. Synthesis and
pyrolysis of polysilazane as the precursor of Si3N4/SiC ceramic. J.
Mater. Sci. 29: 5745-5756.
[26] Haigis, W. R. and Pikering, M. A. 1993. Monolethic B-SiC parts
produced by CVD. Mate. Des, IG. 130-132.
[27] K. K. Chawla, "Ceramic Matrix Composites,” Ctrerp man Hall, 1993.
[28] Young dong XU, Laitei Chang, Liteng Zhang, Hong Feng Yin, Xiaowei
Yin. 2001. High toughness 3D textile SiC/SiC composite by Chemical
Vapor Infiltration. Mat. Sci. Engg A. 318: 183-188.
[1] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with
paper title and editor),” in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
[2] Laux, T., Ullmann, T., Auweter-Kurtz, M., Hald, H. and Kurz, A. 2001.
Investigation of thermal protection materials along an x-38 re-entry
trajectory by plasma wind tunnel simulations. In Second International
Symposium on Atmospheric Re-entry Vehicles and Systems 2001.
Arcahon, France. P 1-9.
[3] Kodama, H., Sakamoto, H. and Miyosh, T. 1989. Silicon Carbide
Monofilament-Reinforced Silicon Nitride or Silicon Carbide Matrix
Composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72: 551-558.
[4] Nakano, K., Kamiya, A., Ogawa, H. and Nishino, Y. 1992. Fabrication
and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide
Composites. J. Jp. Ceram. Soc. 100: 472-475.
[5] Jamet, J. M., Lamicq, P. J. 1993. In: Naslain R (Ed), High temperature
ceramic matrix composites, London: Woodhead Publications, 735
(1993).
[6] Fan, S.W., Xu, Y. D., Zhang, L. T., Cheng, L. F., Yu, L., Yuan, Y.D.,
Zhang, F. K., Tian, G. L., Chen, Z. J. and Lou, J. J. 2007. Threedimensional
needle carbon/silicon carbide composites with high friction
performance. Mate. Sci. Engg A. 467: 53-58.
[7] Jian-Xin ZHANG, Shang-Wu FAN, Li-tong ZHANG, Lai-fei CHENG,
Shang-Jie YANG, and Guang-lai TIAN. 2010. Microstructure and
frictional properties of 3D needled C/SiC brake materials modified with
graphite. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China. 20: 2289-2293.
[8] Xu, D. and Zhang, L. T. 1997. Three-Dimensional C/SiC Composites
prepared by Chemical Vapor Infiltration. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80: 1897-
1900.
[9] Xu, Y. D., Zhang, L. T., Cheng, L. F. and Yan, D. T. 1998.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional
Carbon/Silicon Carbide Composites Fabricated by Chemical Vapour
Infiltration. Carbon. 36: 1051-1056.
[10] Hisaichi Ohnabe, Shoju Masaki, Masakazu Onozuka, Kaoru Miyahara,
Tadashi Sasa. 1999. Potential application of ceramic matrix composites
to aero-engine components. Composites Part A. 30: 489-496.
[11] Suresh Kumar, Anil Kumar, Rohini Devi, G. and Gupta, A.K. 2011.
Preparation of 3D orthogonal woven C-SiC composite and its
characterization for thermo-mechanical properties. Mate. Sci. Engg A.
528: 6210-6216.
[12] Yongdong Xu, Laifei Cheng, and Litong Zhang. 1999. Carbon/silicon
carbide composites prepared by chemical vapour infiltration combined
with silicon melt infiltration. Carbon. 37:1179-1187.
[13] Yongdong Xu, Yani Zhang, Laifei Cheng, Litong Zhang, Jianjum Lou,
and Junzhan Zhang. 2007. Preparation and friction behavior of carbon
fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites. Ceramics
International. 33: 439-445.
[14] Laifei Cheng, Yongdong Xu, Qing Zhang, Litong Zhang. 2003. Thermal
diffusivity of 3D C/SiC composites from room temperature to 1400°C.
Carbon. 41: 707-711.
[15] Yamada, R., Taguchi, T. and Igawa, N. 2000. Mechanical and thermal
properties of 2D and 3D SiC/SiC composites. J. Nucl. Mater. 283-287:
574-578.
[16] Udayakumar, A., Raole, P.M. and Balasubramanian, M. 2011. Synthesis
of tailored 2D SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites with BN/C
Interphase through ICVI. J. Nucl. Mater. 417: 363-366.
[17] Udayakumar, A., Sri Ganesh, A., Raja, S. and Balasubramanian, M.
2011. Effect of intermediate heat treatment on mechanical properties of
SiCf/SiC composites with BN Interphase prepared by ICVI. J. Eur.
Ceram. Soc. 31: 1145-1153.
[18] Udayakumar, A., Balasubramanian, M., Gopala, H. B.,
Sampathkumaran, P., Seetharamu, S., Ramesh Babu, R.,
Sathiyamoorthy, D. and Reddy, G. R. 2011. Influence of the type of
interface on the tribological characteristics of ICVI generated SiCf/SiC
composites. Wear. 271: 859-865.
[19] European standard Test method for the determination of density and
apparent porosity of Ceramic composites, DIN EN 1389: 2003.
[20] ASTM Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Continuous Fiber-
Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures. C1292 -
1310: 2010.
[21] Lee, J. D., Butt, P., Baney, R. H. Bowers, C. R. and Tulenko, J. S. 2005.
Synthesis and pyrolysis of novel polysilazane to SiBCN ceramic. J.
Non-Crystall. Solids. 351: 2995–3005.
[22] Chavez, R., Ionescu, E., Balan, C., Fasel, C. and Riedel, R. 2011. Effect
of Ambient Atmosphere on Crosslinking of Polysilazanes. J. Appl.
Polymer Sci. 119: 794–802.
[23] Bahloul, D., Pereira, M. and Gerardin, C. 1997. Pyrolysis chemistry of
polysilazane precursors to siliconcarbonitride. J. Mater. Chem. 7: 109–
116.
[24] Li, Y. L., Kroke, E., Riedel, R., Fasel, C., Gervais, C. and Babonnaeu, F.
2001. Thermal cross-linking and pyrolytic conversion of poly
(ureamethylvinyl)silazanes to silicon-based ceramics. Appl.
Organometal. Chem. 15: 820–832.
[25] Song, Y. C., Zhao, Y., Feng, C. X. and Lu, Y. 1994. Synthesis and
pyrolysis of polysilazane as the precursor of Si3N4/SiC ceramic. J.
Mater. Sci. 29: 5745-5756.
[26] Haigis, W. R. and Pikering, M. A. 1993. Monolethic B-SiC parts
produced by CVD. Mate. Des, IG. 130-132.
[27] K. K. Chawla, "Ceramic Matrix Composites,” Ctrerp man Hall, 1993.
[28] Young dong XU, Laitei Chang, Liteng Zhang, Hong Feng Yin, Xiaowei
Yin. 2001. High toughness 3D textile SiC/SiC composite by Chemical
Vapor Infiltration. Mat. Sci. Engg A. 318: 183-188.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:68101", author = "A. Udayakumar and M. Rizvan Basha and M. Stalin and V.V Bhanu Prasad", title = "Mechanical Properties of 3D Noninterlaced Cf/SiC Composites Prepared through Hybrid Process (CVI+PIP)", abstract = "Three dimensional non-Interlaced carbon fibre
reinforced silicon carbide (3-D-Cf/SiC) composites with pyrocarbon
interphase were fabricated using isothermal chemical vapor
infiltration (ICVI) combined with polymer impregnation pyrolysis
(PIP) process. Polysilazane (PSZ) is used as a preceramic polymer to
obtain silicon carbide matrix. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA),
Infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
analysis were carried out on PSZ pyrolysed at different temperatures
to understand the pyrolysis and obtaining the optimum pyrolysing
condition to yield β-SiC phase. The density of the composites was
1.94 g cm-3 after the 3-D carbon preform was SiC infiltrated for 280 h
with one intermediate polysilazane pre-ceramic PIP process.
Mechanical properties of the composite materials were investigated
under tensile, flexural, shear and impact loading. The values of
tensile strength were 200 MPa at room temperature (RT) and 195
MPa at 500°C in air. The average RT flexural strength was 243 MPa.
The lower flexural strength of these composites is because of the
porosity. The fracture toughness obtained from single edge notched
beam (SENB) technique was 39 MPa.m1/2. The work of fracture
obtained from the load-displacement curve of SENB test was 22.8
kJ.m-2. The composites exhibited excellent impact resistance and the
dynamic fracture toughness of 44.8 kJ.m-2 is achieved as determined
from instrumented Charpy impact test. The shear strength of the
composite was 93 MPa, which is significantly higher compared 2-D
Cf/SiC composites. Microstructure evaluation of fracture surfaces
revealed the signatures of fracture processes and showed good
support for the higher toughness obtained.
", keywords = "3-D-Cf/SiC, charpy impact test, composites,
dynamic fracture toughness, polysilazane, pyrocarbon, Interphase.", volume = "8", number = "9", pages = "1025-8", }
