Mechanical and Thermal Properties Characterisation of Vinyl Ester Matrix Nanocomposites Based On Layered Silicate
The mechanical properties including flexural and
tensile of neat vinyl ester and polymer based on layered silicate
nanocomposite materials are discussed. The addition of layered
silicate into the polymer matrix increased the tensile and flexural
modulus up to 1 wt.% clay loading. The incorporation of more clay
resulted in decreasing the mechanical properties which was traced to
the existence of aggregation layers. Likewise, up to 1 wt.% clay
loading, the thermal behaviour showed significant improvements and
at higher clay loading the thermal pattern was reduced. The
aggregation layers imparted a negative impact on the overall
mechanical and thermal properties. Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction,
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron
Microscopy were utilised in order to characterise the interlamellar
structure of nanocomposites.
<p>[1] M. Ohashi, S. Kawakami, Y. Yokogawa, and G. C. Lai, "Spherical
Aluminum Nitride Fillers for Heat‐Conducting Plastic Packages,"
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 88, pp. 2615-2618, 2005.
[2] J.-W. Bae, W. Kim, S.-H. Cho, and S.-H. Lee, "The properties of AlNfilled
epoxy molding compounds by the effects of filler size
distribution," Journal of materials science, vol. 35, pp. 5907-5913, 2000.
[3] W. Peng, X. Huang, J. Yu, P. Jiang, and W. Liu, "Electrical and
thermophysical properties of epoxy/aluminum nitride nanocomposites:
Effects of nanoparticle surface modification," Composites Part A:
Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 41, pp. 1201-1209, 2010.
[4] A. I. Alateyah, H. N. Dhakal, and Z. Y. Zhang, "Processing, Properties,
and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Layer Silicates:
A Review " Advances in Polymer Technology,. Accepted, 2013.
[5] A. M. Youssef, "Polymer Nanocomposites as a New Trend for
Packaging Applications," Polymer-Plastics Technology and
Engineering, 2013.
[6] C. A. Ittner Mazali and M. I. Felisberti, "Vinyl ester resin modified with
silicone-based additives: III. Curing kinetics," vol. 45, pp. 2222-2233,
2009.
[7] I. Southern Clay Products. (11). Cloisite® 10A. Available:
http://www.scprod.com/product_bulletins/PB%20Cloisite%2010A.pdf
[8] B. S. Institution. (1998). Glass fibre reinforced plastics — Flexural test
— Three point bend method (2746 ed.). Available:
http://www.standardsuk.com/products/BS-EN-2746-1998.php
[9] B. S. Institution. (1998). Glass fibre reinforced plastics — Tensile test
(2747 ed.). Available: http://www.standardsuk.com/products/BS-EN-
2747-1998.php
[10] H. Alamri and I. M. Low, "Effect of water absorption on the mechanical
properties of nano-filler reinforced epoxy nanocomposites," Materials
& Design, vol. 42, pp. 214-222, 12// 2012.
[11] H. Alamri and I. M. Low, "Microstructural, mechanical, and thermal
characteristics of recycled cellulose fiber-halloysite-epoxy hybrid
nanocomposites," Polymer Composites, vol. 33, pp. 589-600, 2012.
[12] T. P. Mohan and K. Kanny, "Water barrier properties of nanoclay filled
sisal fibre reinforced epoxy composites," Composites Part A: Applied
Science and Manufacturing, vol. 42, pp. 385-393, 4// 2011.
[13] A. Ashori and A. Nourbakhsh, "Characteristics of wood–fiber plastic
composites made of recycled materials," Waste Management, vol. 29,
pp. 1291-1295, 4// 2009.
[14] M. Avella, A. Buzarovska, M. Errico, G. Gentile, and A. Grozdanov,
"Eco-Challenges of Bio-Based Polymer Composites," Materials, vol. 2,
pp. 911-925, 2009.
[15] P. Jawahar, R. Gnanamoorthy, and M. Balasubramanian, "Tribological
behaviour of clay – thermoset polyester nanocomposites," Wear, vol.
261, pp. 835-840, 10/20/ 2006.
[16] S. Pavlidou and C. D. Papaspyrides, "A review on polymer–layered
silicate nanocomposites," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 33, pp.
1119–1198, 2008.
[17] M. Alexandre and P. Dubois, "Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites:
preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials," Materials
Science and Engineering: R: Reports, vol. 28, pp. 1-63, 2000.
[18] M. L. Q. A. Kaneko, R. B. Romero, R. E. F. de Paiva, M. I. Felisberti,
M. C. Gonçalves, and I. V. P. Yoshida, "Improvement of toughness in
polypropylene nanocomposite with the addition of organoclay/silicone
copolymer masterbatch," Polymer Composites, 2013.
[19] P. Kiliaris and C. D. Papaspyrides, "Polymer/layered silicate (clay)
nanocomposites: An overview of flame retardancy," Progress in
Polymer Science, vol. 35, pp. 902-958, 7// 2010.
[20] C. Zhao, H. Qin, F. Gong, M. Feng, S. Zhang, and M. Yang,
"Mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of polyethylene/clay
nanocomposites," Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 87, pp. 183-
189, 2005.
[21] A. Yasmin, J. J. Luo, J. L. Abot, and I. M. Daniel, "Mechanical and
thermal behavior of clay/epoxy nanocomposites," Composites Science
and technology, vol. 66, pp. 2415-2422, 2006.
[22] Y.-L. Liu, C.-Y. Hsu, W.-L. Wei, and R.-J. Jeng, "Preparation and
thermal properties of epoxy-silica nanocomposites from nanoscale
colloidal silica," Polymer, vol. 44, pp. 5159-5167, 8// 2003.
[23] T. Lan and T. J. Pinnavaia, "Clay-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites,"
Chemistry of Materials, vol. 6, pp. 2216-2219, 1994.
[24] C. Zilg, R. Mülhaupt, and J. Finter, "Morphology and
toughness/stiffness balance of nanocomposites based upon anhydridecured
epoxy resins and layered silicates," Macromolecular Chemistry
and Physics, vol. 200, pp. 661-670, 1999.
[25] O. Becker, R. Varley, and G. Simon, "Morphology, thermal relaxations
and mechanical properties of layered silicate nanocomposites based
upon high-functionality epoxy resins," Polymer, vol. 43, pp. 4365-4373,
2002.
[26] H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, K. Friedrich, and C. Eger, "Property improvements
of in situ epoxy nanocomposites with reduced interparticle distance at
high nanosilica content," Acta Materialia, vol. 54, pp. 1833-1842, 4//
2006.
[27] M. Bakar, M. Kostrzewa, B. Hausnerová, and K. Sar, "Preparation and
property evaluation of nanocomposites based on polyurethane‐modified
epoxy/montmorillonite systems," Advances in Polymer Technology, vol.
29, pp. 237-248, 2010.</p>
<p>[1] M. Ohashi, S. Kawakami, Y. Yokogawa, and G. C. Lai, "Spherical
Aluminum Nitride Fillers for Heat‐Conducting Plastic Packages,"
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 88, pp. 2615-2618, 2005.
[2] J.-W. Bae, W. Kim, S.-H. Cho, and S.-H. Lee, "The properties of AlNfilled
epoxy molding compounds by the effects of filler size
distribution," Journal of materials science, vol. 35, pp. 5907-5913, 2000.
[3] W. Peng, X. Huang, J. Yu, P. Jiang, and W. Liu, "Electrical and
thermophysical properties of epoxy/aluminum nitride nanocomposites:
Effects of nanoparticle surface modification," Composites Part A:
Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 41, pp. 1201-1209, 2010.
[4] A. I. Alateyah, H. N. Dhakal, and Z. Y. Zhang, "Processing, Properties,
and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Layer Silicates:
A Review " Advances in Polymer Technology,. Accepted, 2013.
[5] A. M. Youssef, "Polymer Nanocomposites as a New Trend for
Packaging Applications," Polymer-Plastics Technology and
Engineering, 2013.
[6] C. A. Ittner Mazali and M. I. Felisberti, "Vinyl ester resin modified with
silicone-based additives: III. Curing kinetics," vol. 45, pp. 2222-2233,
2009.
[7] I. Southern Clay Products. (11). Cloisite® 10A. Available:
http://www.scprod.com/product_bulletins/PB%20Cloisite%2010A.pdf
[8] B. S. Institution. (1998). Glass fibre reinforced plastics — Flexural test
— Three point bend method (2746 ed.). Available:
http://www.standardsuk.com/products/BS-EN-2746-1998.php
[9] B. S. Institution. (1998). Glass fibre reinforced plastics — Tensile test
(2747 ed.). Available: http://www.standardsuk.com/products/BS-EN-
2747-1998.php
[10] H. Alamri and I. M. Low, "Effect of water absorption on the mechanical
properties of nano-filler reinforced epoxy nanocomposites," Materials
& Design, vol. 42, pp. 214-222, 12// 2012.
[11] H. Alamri and I. M. Low, "Microstructural, mechanical, and thermal
characteristics of recycled cellulose fiber-halloysite-epoxy hybrid
nanocomposites," Polymer Composites, vol. 33, pp. 589-600, 2012.
[12] T. P. Mohan and K. Kanny, "Water barrier properties of nanoclay filled
sisal fibre reinforced epoxy composites," Composites Part A: Applied
Science and Manufacturing, vol. 42, pp. 385-393, 4// 2011.
[13] A. Ashori and A. Nourbakhsh, "Characteristics of wood–fiber plastic
composites made of recycled materials," Waste Management, vol. 29,
pp. 1291-1295, 4// 2009.
[14] M. Avella, A. Buzarovska, M. Errico, G. Gentile, and A. Grozdanov,
"Eco-Challenges of Bio-Based Polymer Composites," Materials, vol. 2,
pp. 911-925, 2009.
[15] P. Jawahar, R. Gnanamoorthy, and M. Balasubramanian, "Tribological
behaviour of clay – thermoset polyester nanocomposites," Wear, vol.
261, pp. 835-840, 10/20/ 2006.
[16] S. Pavlidou and C. D. Papaspyrides, "A review on polymer–layered
silicate nanocomposites," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 33, pp.
1119–1198, 2008.
[17] M. Alexandre and P. Dubois, "Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites:
preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials," Materials
Science and Engineering: R: Reports, vol. 28, pp. 1-63, 2000.
[18] M. L. Q. A. Kaneko, R. B. Romero, R. E. F. de Paiva, M. I. Felisberti,
M. C. Gonçalves, and I. V. P. Yoshida, "Improvement of toughness in
polypropylene nanocomposite with the addition of organoclay/silicone
copolymer masterbatch," Polymer Composites, 2013.
[19] P. Kiliaris and C. D. Papaspyrides, "Polymer/layered silicate (clay)
nanocomposites: An overview of flame retardancy," Progress in
Polymer Science, vol. 35, pp. 902-958, 7// 2010.
[20] C. Zhao, H. Qin, F. Gong, M. Feng, S. Zhang, and M. Yang,
"Mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of polyethylene/clay
nanocomposites," Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 87, pp. 183-
189, 2005.
[21] A. Yasmin, J. J. Luo, J. L. Abot, and I. M. Daniel, "Mechanical and
thermal behavior of clay/epoxy nanocomposites," Composites Science
and technology, vol. 66, pp. 2415-2422, 2006.
[22] Y.-L. Liu, C.-Y. Hsu, W.-L. Wei, and R.-J. Jeng, "Preparation and
thermal properties of epoxy-silica nanocomposites from nanoscale
colloidal silica," Polymer, vol. 44, pp. 5159-5167, 8// 2003.
[23] T. Lan and T. J. Pinnavaia, "Clay-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites,"
Chemistry of Materials, vol. 6, pp. 2216-2219, 1994.
[24] C. Zilg, R. Mülhaupt, and J. Finter, "Morphology and
toughness/stiffness balance of nanocomposites based upon anhydridecured
epoxy resins and layered silicates," Macromolecular Chemistry
and Physics, vol. 200, pp. 661-670, 1999.
[25] O. Becker, R. Varley, and G. Simon, "Morphology, thermal relaxations
and mechanical properties of layered silicate nanocomposites based
upon high-functionality epoxy resins," Polymer, vol. 43, pp. 4365-4373,
2002.
[26] H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, K. Friedrich, and C. Eger, "Property improvements
of in situ epoxy nanocomposites with reduced interparticle distance at
high nanosilica content," Acta Materialia, vol. 54, pp. 1833-1842, 4//
2006.
[27] M. Bakar, M. Kostrzewa, B. Hausnerová, and K. Sar, "Preparation and
property evaluation of nanocomposites based on polyurethane‐modified
epoxy/montmorillonite systems," Advances in Polymer Technology, vol.
29, pp. 237-248, 2010.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:54174", author = "A. I. Alateyah and H. N. Dhakal and Z. Y. Zhang", title = "Mechanical and Thermal Properties Characterisation of Vinyl Ester Matrix Nanocomposites Based On Layered Silicate", abstract = "The mechanical properties including flexural and
tensile of neat vinyl ester and polymer based on layered silicate
nanocomposite materials are discussed. The addition of layered
silicate into the polymer matrix increased the tensile and flexural
modulus up to 1 wt.% clay loading. The incorporation of more clay
resulted in decreasing the mechanical properties which was traced to
the existence of aggregation layers. Likewise, up to 1 wt.% clay
loading, the thermal behaviour showed significant improvements and
at higher clay loading the thermal pattern was reduced. The
aggregation layers imparted a negative impact on the overall
mechanical and thermal properties. Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction,
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron
Microscopy were utilised in order to characterise the interlamellar
structure of nanocomposites.
", keywords = "Vinyl ester, nanocomposites, layered silicate,
mechanical properties, thermal analysis.", volume = "7", number = "9", pages = "1788-8", }
